SKIN DISEASES
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, AUGUST 112m, 1917.
ARRAS AND MESSINES. THE SPRING OFFENSIVE. A REVIEW.
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attacked almost impassablo owing to the holding thud. From theme unpropitious circumstances the troops anffered much during the first fortnight of the offensive, but nothing could restrain their ardour in the attack;
ABHAS FIRST PHASE,
FORGETFUL BOYS,
A SCHOOLMASTER'S TROUBLES.
[BY TWEELS DREX.]
On Saturday afternoon I met a man on Box Hill who told me that he is a schoolmaster.
He was
The operation which began north and 6851 of Arras at 5.30 am on April 9 was
I am not old enough (no man vor is) The full story of the wilitary events in confided by the British Commander-in- Chief to the First Army, under General France during the spring of 1917, and Horne, whose objective was the central to have got over the thrill of taking to subsequent to the period covered by Sir and northern part of the Vimy Ridge, a schoolmaster on level terms.
moreover, a pleasant, discursive fellow, D. Haig's dispatch of May 31st, cannat and to the Third Army, under General Sir Edmund Allenby, who aimed at the be told until we have the dispatches of southern part of the ridge and at the full of wistful reminiscences of his salad the various commanders before us. But German positions east of Arras and as days before he trod the dusty, ways of far south as Benin. All these positions the part played in these events by the five were extremely strong, were in several education. Thus we stayed on Box Hill British Armies wider Field-Marshal Sirlines covered by barbed wire without end, until the sun set and the world dissolved and wers occupied by many German divi- Douglas Haig has been so important,sions, supported by a formidable artil. in purple.
The schoolaaster said that he bad como their rôle so anexpectedly preponderant,lery and by masses of machine-guns. The made by the two Atay preparations and their netion so clearcut and complete Staffs, nder the supervision of General for a few hours' sun-bath, because after in itself, that a review of their doings Headquarters, were most admirable and week of making animals sit still that, complete. Thanks to the Air Service and can provisionally be undertaken with no more than passing reference to the action the survey companies, the German bat like the rotifer, are made for perpetual teries were almost all marked down with movement, pouring ideas and facts into of our Allies, concerning some of whose perfect exactitude, and the long-continu-heads leaky as sieves, and developing the proceedings we are still without complete ed bombardment by the mass of our guns faculty of memory in creatures whose which Bir Douglas Haig had concentrated only memory is of meal times, the solaco
When
of hill tops alone saves & mas from phy information.
proved positively overwhelming.
the assault, the Ger; sicul and spiritual wreckage. the infantry rose fará silenced, and. man guns were temporarily In the
жан
and
line, then took the secund replendid regiments swept over the in most places the third line as well. In Givenchy en the course of a single day all the enemy's defences from Henia to Gonelle, and a great spoil of prisoners and guns, feel to our gallant troops. Never was there a more brilliant and successful day in the history of the Bri- rish Army.
"But think of the holidays you get," I urged. "Six weeks at Christmas, three wecka ut Easter, seven weeks is the sum- "We need it," said the schoolmaster. mer-Bourly a third of the year!"
At the end of every term we are all Think of the nervy and ragged out. strain of trying to hammer the simplest the same old ground with generations of
Date of! data into boys, the ensui of going over them;" Mensa, a table,' Magna Charta, Give, with its excep
Then he began to tell me about the tions, the rule"he sighed. "If only
school at which he is a master. He was "Uh, quite an ancient
H'n-what proud of it, foundation. It dates back to -er-" he coloured slight. year of the artat Fire of London
Let us recali a few leading events and dates. The Lloyd George Administration was, formed in December, 1916. same month General, now Marshal, Joffre replaced in the Command ie-Chief of the French Armies by General Nivelle. Baghdad fell on March 11th, 1917. The Russian Revolution broke out on March 13th, reducing the Russian Armies to in activity, which has sinco continued. On March 18th M. Briand resigned, and was suceeded by M. Ribot. On April 8th the United States declared war with Ger- many. On April 16th the French attack in the Reims region began, and on May 14th the Italians resumed their offensive heights of Monety were taken on April on the Carso front. Early in May Gen-1h, and in this action a brigade of Bri-boys could be taught to memorise!"
East and north of Viny eral Pétain succeeded General Nivelletish cavalry took a conspicuous and valu- and General Foch became Chief of the able part.
These events all bud Ridge the enemy was pressed back, and Stall at Paris.
on the 13th Bailleul, Viny, Givenchy, and their influence, varying in kind and in degree, upon the British spring campaign Angres were taket. Wancourt also fell, of 1917, the inception of which, as well and Allenby advanced astride the so-call Atras. Liévin was captured south-cast of as that of the German retreat from the ed Hindenburg line to a point sever. miles
in the days following the 9th the suc rsses were extended.
The town and
1066."
the:
Yes, of course, how silly of me to the schoolmaster. resumed
Somale front, we can trace back to a date for General-Horne on the 14th, and here for izi 1600, by the will of Bir Hum-
**
phrey de~~
Pardon me," 1 bruke in, but it seems amazing that a schoolmaster, of all people, could be unaware of the year of the Fire of London. When I think of how, in my own school days, I had that The schoolmaster coloured again. He beastly date rammed into le "
Well, the fact of it. is that I have been devoting most of my spoke hurriedly.
classes. What attention 1 have been able time lately to classical and mathematical to give to history has been given mainly That wonderful nine-
was taken mach booty, including many prior to any of the events above named.
During The Allied Armies in the West, ut the thousand rounds of gun ammunition and
many truckloads of new tools. close of the winter campaign described in Sir Douglas Haig's dispatch of May 31st, all this first week of the attack the much
no There was were in great strength and splendid vaunted German Command seemed to he shurit They were numerically superior completely prestrated. to the enemy, and their advantage in gun counter stroke of any magnitude, and it armawent, particularly in field artillery, was only on the 14th and 10th that any On the 14th the 3rd was marked. But the Germans were also serious attempts were made to contest, the strong. Their leases on the Somtae were Briish gains. made up, and the number of their divi Bavarian Division which had orders to sions increased between February and retake Monchy at all costs and had been Jure from 137 to 158, while many heavy specially brought up for the purpose, guns arrived from the Russian front.pressed an atinck with great determina From these resources the German Higher tion and was badly beaten, while on the Command was able to amass in the West 15th the enemy assailed the 5th Army far- to late history. a general reserve of some 52 divisions ther south and after a preliminary surteenth century, for instance, with its in April, and it was clear to many ces at Lagnirouri was thrown back after political and social changes and develop- early
By the 13th wements, that extraordinary epoch between, from the arst, and became clear to others suffering great lossen.
Ha was not I determined to chanco it. later, that such superiority as the Allies had taken some, 14,000 prisoners and 28 say, 1800, and 1000, wherein !?
ny schoolmaster. He could not give me possessed in France was inauthciants to guns, of which at 8,000 prisoners and To guns fell to the share of the Thrid
Eighteen hun- promise decisive victory, though maca
1 interrupted peremp could be hoped from the reasoned and Arty and most of the remainder to the proposition for it.
All out objectives were now
dred and five! limited offensive by making full use of First.
torily. gained, and the two Armies were firmly improved
positions superior armaments
in possession of the strong
"I beg your pardon!" he asked.
five-what tactics.
hundred which they had set out to capture. The
***Eighteen victory was complete and overwhelming, It exercises stunning effect upon the happened?':
The flush of the sunset was not deeper than the flush of the schoolmaster. Armies and the people of Germany, and
Eigh- was in every way a most remarkable and
10 General sailed, but it was a thin smile. achievement. brillian Horne and Allenby, to their staffs and teen hundred and five," he repeated. "Tut-tut! Dear me! How absurd! It's commanders, and to all their galliat troops of all arms and services, the Em-fag, you know, drilling things into hoya all the week. H-how ridiculous: Ah, pire owes a debt of gratitude that can
yes, of course, Waterloo." never be repaid.
And
retreat was
ир.
AREAS. SECOND PHASE.
und
He
"No." I said steraly, Profulgar," An almost irresistible desire came on me to addo, sir, and stand under that bush and repent two hundred times to yourself-audibly, so that I can hear you Eighteen hundred and five, Trafal war: But I refrained. Had be not slain for ever my nervousness with school- nesters! Had he not proved how often schoolmasters tremble when they ask a and the schoolmaster boy a question lest the boy should be crib" locked in his desk). Le unable to answer (with bis unable to supply the answer?
CUTLER PALMER & CO'S.
THE GERMAN RETREAT. The Allied plan was based upon a pro ject of General Joffre's formed before his 10 the supreme command. ARŞITKERNEGO
ated at an attack on a broad trun of the French and British Artales side Dy side, and an early date was assigned to the advance in order that the enemy ign he deprived of the initiative. betore this date came round the Germans began their retreat from the Somme, the
mediate result of which was to leave.
Had the British British Commander-in- the British Fourth and Fith Armies, and also the French Army on their imme-Chief thought of his on Acwies and his own plans alone he might have been well diate right, without enemies in fixed posi
This changed the content with his victory, for he had gain- 1ons in their front situation in an important minnier, bused the famous Vimy Ridge so long con- General Nivelle's plan was not material-tested, bad cleared the enemy from his On the front, evacuated by positions cast of Arras, has acquired im ly altered, the Germans the British pressed forward, mensely enhanced facilities for observa by the stages described in Sir Douglas tion, and had caused the enemy heary aigs last dispatch, until they came up loss of men, material, and prestige. But against positions where the enemy had it was not possible for him to rearici dvented in stand. The resourceful lead himself to such a narrow point of view. ing of Br Henry Rawlinson and Sir The French Armies, after a preliminary Hubert Gough in following up the enemy success, had been arrested, and it was over a completely devastated country, vitally important to them that we should and in restoring the ruined communien-continue to hold and wear down the nons, deserves all the praise which the enemy in our front. Field-Marshal gives to it. Our men were delighted to get ous of the wet trenches and to resume open fighting, and during the weeks of the pursuit much fine work was done by the two Armies, as well as by the French on our right.
The three stages of this renewed attack The German decision to probably formed in principle in Decem- are marked by the dates of April 23rd, On the first ber last, and was the result of the hamApril 28th, and May 3rd. wering on the Somme and the Anere, date the Third army, aided by one Army which had left the German Armies in Corps of the First, attacked at dawn on front of our Fourth and Fifth Armies in a broad front from Croisilles to the north no position to resist a fresh assault. of Carrelly. The latter village was cap- Pressure by Bir Hubert Gough about tured, and also 24 miles of trenches to Miraumont was the immediate cause of the south of the village as far as Roeux the retreat, which certainly saved a part Cemetery. The Third Army pushed its of the German Armies temporarily from way forward cast and south of Monchy, annihilation, but also gave us a wide and took Cuemappe. On April 28th the
The fighting on April 28th and the days stretch of territory without much cost First Army attacked on a front of several and had a moral effect altogether to our miles north of the Scarpe and stormed advantage. The aspect of the devastated Arleux. On May 3rd the Third Army, following was of the same character, and country convinced the weakest minds that and parts of the First and Fifth, attack
Saxons Badeners, Guard, Bavarians, no compromise with sach barbarians as ed from the west of Quéant to the north of May 1st we found against us all the the Germans was open to us, and did of Fresnoy. On this day and on the daye pick of the German fighters-namely, the much to confirm the people of France in following up to June 6th inclusive Bulle East Frassians, Silesians, Rhinelanders, their resolution to continue the war with court fell to the Fifth Army after a pro and various other tribes Against such longed struggle, Roux was eventually the utmost vigour.
able but on the other hand the enemy
used
up his re The chief effect of the retreat was to cleared, a large section of the Hinden opposition no great progress was practic burg line between Bullecourt and Fon-
accomplished nothing, render impracticable the project of the taine les Croisilles wes stormed, and serves fast, and, except in the single case contiguous fronts of attack of the Anglo ground was gained south of the Souches of Fresnoy, never recaptured one of his French Armies which had produced such River and on the slopes of Greenland lost positione fought desperately useful results in 1918. In place of these Hill.
to regain Monchy, and failed again and contiguous fronts the Allies attacked two
countless losses, separated sectors of the German front, The gain of ground was less important again. It was the same at Gavrelle,
Bave up the and
game,
pro in the interval, the two British Arms completely changed in this second phase he and one French Army occupied the atten of the battle. Time had been gained by ed the ruins to our heroes. If in this tion of the enemy. The belief of the Ger-the enemy to bring up his reserves, in second phase of the Arras battle, the man Higher Command apparently was cluding guns, and from the first hours of gress and the booty were much less than that the British would take months to the fight on April 23rd it was evident during the first phase, it is also true that change their dispositions, but actually that the Germans had received orders to all the gains of ground made were made ponduct their defence aggressively and been preparing the strokes which they subsequently delivered, and all that was the hostile trenches were full of troops needed was to shift some heavy guns to and machine guns and counter-attacks of all the Arras front. More damaging than any a determined character followed each Germanation was the state of the weather, other in rapid aucecasion. On nearly which remained bitterly cold, with driv- this front, except in the beds of the ing snow storms, then changing into rain,
(Continued at foot of next Column.) which rendered parts of the front to be
it devolved upon rivers, the ground is open and undulat- the bichi-Marshal to continue strenuousing, and as we had now the best of the Giarrelle ly the guerre d'usure, to attract German ground and a superior artillery in good reserves to his frost, and to use them positions with excellent observation, the bitterly counter-attacked again and Therefore, as soon as the artillery German losses were immense.
again, but the First Army held on there could be brought forward, the attack commenced.
gamety, while the Third Army Inerally covered the ground in front of it with German corpses. In this hard and bitter. Aghting, much of it hand-to-hand, the battle swayed this way and that, but not one of the German attacks effected any the days following while the battle still thing serious either on the 23rd or on raged furiously, and it was the writer's opinion, which he found to be shared by the Field-Marshal, that the Germans had never suffered such losses of one front in such a short time since the even memer able first battle of Ypres.
namely, those of Arrus and Reims, and than the character of the fighting, which while at Bullecourt ally abandon
by the British, that the Hindenburg line
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our Armies to the northward had los regardless of loss. On the whole front was pierced, that the larger objects of CLARKE'S Org in either sex,
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to which de victory inclined in the attested, beyond the shadow of a doubt, Arras Battle
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