CUTLER PALMER
CO'S
THE WAR.
NAPIER
Fab "JR)
JOHNSTONE'S
Known as the
"OLD
SQUARE'
WHISKY.
ESTABLISHED
1745.
BOLF AGENTS IN HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA LANE, CRAWFORD & CO..
[81
and from Aut Wina ManGHANTE,
"ASAHI BEER.”
DAI
NIPPON
DAI NIPPON
ASAHI BEER
GRAND PRIZE
ASAH
BEER
LAGER BEER
SPECIALLY BREWED TON EXPORT
WERY
COMPAN
BOLE AGENTS.
MITSU
BREWERY CO. TOKYO.
BUSSAN KAISHA TEL. No, 200 or 155.
ON BALE
[64
HONGKONG HANSARD REPORTS
of the MEETINGS of LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL for Session, 1916.
REVISED BY THE MEMBERS.
-
PRICE
85.
DAILY PRESS UPPION.
WEATHER REPORT.
unknowo.
(Continued from page 8.)-
LATEST CABLES.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JULY 13mm, 1917.
THE CRISIS IN GERMANY.
"PEACE BY AGREEMENT."
LONDON, July 11th The decision of the Centre to support Dr. Erzberger does not imply any yield ing of the Government in the direction
A SINISTER MOVEMENT.
There is a great nutory in the German Liberal papers at the operations of the Foreign Publicity Bureau, which is owned by Krupp's and other Pan-German capitalists. The Buren has frendy hought several papers and intends buy ing many others, especially Provincial Liberal organs. It also intende extend ing its operations abroad, especially in the East.
MAN'S LABOUR. THE BEST.
WOMAN HANDICAPPED.
BY GEORGE MACADAM.]
needed in the case of women and girls." We are told that watchfulness is noeded over the conduct of foremen toward women workers," over": the character and behaviour of fellow women workers. We hear of the homes and younger children that must inevitably suffer," or family life defaced beyond recogui tion. And the recommendation is made that wherever other labour is available, the employment of mothers with infants is to be deprecated, as is also that of the
内圈
The Best remoranda issued by the com. mittee was in November, 1915, and had reference to Sunday labour. It had then been discovered that it was no mere spart of intense activity that was needed tion of efficiently settling down into the in the munition factories; it was a ques harness for a long, hard pull,
Now that as a nation we are settling down to the task of developing our mixmum efficiency, both military and industrial, so that we may take a fitting part in the great world war, we begin to bear talk-constantly increasing in COALITION MINISTRY PROBABLE volume of using women to fill the ranks mother of any young family
AMSTERDAM, July 11th. of industry depleted by the call of men The most important news today from to the front." Germining is the announcement made by of peace such as the Radicals and Social the Catholic organ Germania, that
Centre Party, by an overwhelming ists desired. Prolonged party discus-majority, has decided to support Dr. gions and most heated debates in the main Erzberger in the formation of a Coalition Ministry, including the tenders of all Committee of the Reichstag have appar parties. ently, however, evolved some definite results. The Chancellor succeeded in withstanding a series of attacks from the Deputies, who desired 'an official declara- tion in favour of Peace by Agreement, “' bat be yielded to a demand for Liberalia- ing the Government by the appointment
THE
LATEST CABLES-
NORTH SEA DANGER-
ZONE.
GREAT BRITAIN AND HOLLAND-
-LONDON, July 11th.
The talk of putting women in men's places, and the demand that they receive qual pay therein, either of which would have dumfounded the nation less than a generation ago, is to-day receive with out any surprise, and, so far as puble opinion is concerned, without any dis sont,
The foundation for this quiescence was undoubtedly laid by the suffragettes, who in their long, many voiced campaigns throughout the land have striven a con- vert us from the old orthodoxy that woman's place is the home, to the creed of the feminist that sex is an artificial
"The evidence before the committes has led it strongly to hold that if th maximum output is to be secured and maintained for any length of time, wonkly period of rest must be allowed Speaking generally, the need for this relief from work on Sunday is more urgent for protected persons than for adult males.
FOOD PROFITEERING. MR. SMILLIE AND THE RUSSIAN”
REVOLUTION,
delegates representing trade uniona, co- Speaking at a conference of over 600), operative societies, women's co-operative guilds, Independent Labour Party and other Labour ructy branches, trades and labour councils, and other working class organizations, in Newcastle recently, Mr. Fedoration, said that the dastardly crime Robert Smillie, president of the Minorg of making profit out of the war had been committed all over the country. Immense prafts had been made out of the needs of the working classes, men, women, and patriotism, in spite of the fact that the childron. In spite of the abouts of
patted on the back and told the notion people going to the front were being would never forget their sacrifices, yo the working classes had to keep on agitating and waiting for months and months before they secured anything like an adequate allowance for these people. The movement ending in the Rent Act, the movement on behalf of the old-age pensioners, and so on-these did not come
from the upper or ruling classes, but had
Begarding the Anglo-Dutch communi and tyrannien delimitation in both British minefield in the North Sen, Router place is where she chooses it to be. Ministers, the general result being a sort learns that the Dutch Government hus
Then came the great world-war with of Imperial Condition Ministry.
been fully informed that the British action its draft upon man power for the At the same
time the Government is solely and specifically dictated by mili front, with its drifts upon woman power seems to have secured a majority includtary considerations and is not directed to fill up the depleted ranks of industry ing the Centre, for a declaration that against the economic interests of Holland. The amazing accounts that came to us of Germany is warring for no conquests The Netherlands has also been reminded what the women of Europe, particularly but is defending her freedom and terri that there is no similarity between the the women of England, were accomplish- torial pesussions. This is non-committal measures Lake by Great Britain anding in their new fields, how adequately in any definite direction. The Chancellor those taken by Germany, for the latter they were taking the places of the absent admitted Germany's difficulties, but the denies the use of the seas to all neutral led to but one conclusion that enemy likewise, had an abundance of shipping.
woman had at Inst been tested out in Great Britain. therefore, difficulties. If Germany held out she maintains it would be more reasonable industry and had more than met the would obtain the pence du desired for Holland to protest to Germany test that experiener had put its unmis denied clinging to office, but he desired against the latter illegal action tha feminist, that sex indeed was hot an takable O.K apon the creed of the to save the Fatherland from harm.
to complain of Great Britain's action.
artificial and tyrannical delimitation in either polities or industry.
of new Secretaries of State and Prussian cations concerning the placing of a new politics and industry, and that woman's munition workers had been undor con been forced upon an unwilling Govern-
EARLIER CABLES.
There recently arrived in this coun try, however, a series of paraphlets which gives an account much at variance with all the others that we have received since the women of England took to war
In subsequent reports, issued after the siderably over a year's observation, wement. find the same opinion held on the relative endurance of the sexes, on the question of hours that can be worked. For in stance:
enthusiastic in these things as it was their Had the working classes been as duty to be then it would have been loss difficult They were now face to face
"It may be stated broadly that con
with a still more 'serious situation. # was well known that we were ince, to ditions which press hardly upon the face within a few months of a possible average nun press, because of her dil food shortage, and Nero was fidding while ferent constitutional development, with Rome was burning. greater severity upon the average would again have to be forced to do
The Government'; woman; while similarly, though condi-hings. Be had that morning walked tiens of mental fatigue are probably through the Nowcastle markets.
There qually injurious to boys and girls. conditions of muscular strain well borne by the ordinary boy may be highly detrimental te the girl of cor responding vigour and physique. It it therefore especially important that women and young girls should be re- lieved from those conditions of over strain to which they are now su widely exposed."
Adult male workers are almost univer The committee found:
EARLIER CABLES.
MEETING OF CROWN COUNCIL.
AMSTERDAM, July to. The Telegraf asserts that the exten LONDON, July 11th.sion of the British danger zone in the North Sea includes the so-called safe A message from Zurich says: “Without doubt the Germaar erisis has been preci-channel left by Germany.
The newspaper say, this is due; to the work. This tells us that, judged not as sally employed on double shifts. pitated by the unexpected Russian offen Germans raising this channel in order motor units in the industriel machine, self-sacrificing patriots but simply as sive and its effects on ́ Austrin. The to maintain communication. between the women are inferior to men. In short, Emperor Karl was perturbed not merely Heligoland Bight and Zeebrugge and by the offensive but also by the whole-between Rotterdam and the German
it brings us back the old orthodoxy, såle surrenders of Czech troops to the harbours. Russians. Besides this then were the 1 ale states that shiploads of coal food troubles, and Austria felt obliged from Ehineland and from Westphalia, to take steps to alleviate the situation. which cannot be transported by the Ger The Emperor's advisers convinced him man railways, are sent to Rotterdam, that the only chance of arresting the from which German ships convey the Russian offensive and opening peace coal to Biden and Cuxhaven. negotiations with Russia lay in a declara- tion by the Central Powers against the policy of annexatious. The Emperor pressed this point of view upon Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff during their recruit visit to Vienua, and also dis. cussed it with Dr. Erzberger and other German visitors. The consequence was un unwonted flutter in Berlin.
When Hindenburg and Ludendorff returned, the Kaiser conferred with them at length, And then talked to Dr. Bethmann- Hollwer and afterwards with
the Bavarian Minister, Count Lerchenfeld. Subsequently Dr. Bethmann-Hallweg
OA
They appear on the whole to be standing the system well, more parti cularly where relief is given at the These pamphlets are reports made by week-ends. The committee secs. no the British Health of Munition Workers
reason to suggest any change. Women Committee which was appointed in Sept., workers are employed sometimes 1815, by the Minister of Munitions, with eight-hour shifts, but the latter ar the concurrence. of the Home Secretary. rangement is becoming, the committee The committer has twelve members, all glad to note, increasingly common." especially qualified by technical know Some very interesting data as to the Sir George Newman, M.D., and it in are to be found in a special report made cludes two women members. Miss R. E. by H. M. Vernon, M.D., and issued by Squire and Mrs. H. J. Tennant. the committee as an appendix to one of The committee took evidence in various its memoranda. For the purpose of con industrial centres from employers, reparing results, Dr. Vernon divides the presentatives of workers and other various types of labour investigated into benvy," moderately heavy,
seed potatoes. That was because sead were hundreds of bags of potatoes-all
putaices could be sold at ks 6d. He could give dozens of instances wherefrom the want of co-operation and consolida tion among the departments of the Government the evils with which we were ́now faced had come upon us. If there were to be additional guarantees to the farmers there must be additional guarón- tees to the farm labourers. He appealed to the working classes to see it they did not continue divided into two camps. Speaking of the importance of being in earest in this matter. be said the Gov- ernment would not move until it was
found that public opinion forced it to move. This was one question upon which The there was no room for division. showed themselves united, but if it would Government could be moved if people
Russian people had done? The Russian not be moved, why not do what the
Obviously Great Britain cannot tolerato ledge and experience. Its Chairman is relative industrial efficiency of the sexes Revolution took place owing to official
such practices, and the paper concludes that it is Germany and not Great Britain who should be asked to change her methods.
GENERÁL BRUSILOFF CON-
GRATULATED.
LONDON, July 11th. The Prese Butend announces that General Sir William Robertson has des patched a message to General Brusiloff congratulating him upon the splendid results of the recent fighting and wishing trim further success.
conferred with the leading Deputies.
Meanwhile, there has been. private conference of the Party leaders to day, ending with a meeting of the Prussian Cabiret, but the most momentous hap pening occurred on Monday, when the Crowns Council consisting of all the Imperial Prussian Ministers and presid. GERMANY'S AERIAL ed over by the Kaiser met for the first time since July, 1014.
General Brusiloff replied that all efforts were being directed towards the development of the operations already begun with a view to a decisive victory over the cosinon enemy. -
#
interested persons, and made numerous five, namely very heavy bly
and
special studies and investigations, In addition, members visited a large numbers light. As the result of the of factories and workshops and discussed statistics gathered, he unds that very matters with the management, foremen, heavy and heavy
work
are not welk uited to women" that the "light" and individual workers.
by pe had better be confined to women, as it is a waste of muscle to let me or even youths engage in it, and that the "very light types of labour should evidently he confined t
women and girls
Shellaking is a typical example of moderate heavy labour.
Up to the present the committee hus issued fifteen memoranda. These deal with matters of general interest, such as welfare, supervision, Sunday Tabur, hours of work, employment of women, etc., and of technical interest, such as ventilation, lighting, eye strain, canteen construction," and so 14. From these memoranda 1 have extracted and con- LOSSES.densed only those parts which have a V bearing upon the industrial efficiency of LONDON, July 1h. women and upon the effect of labour on In view of the above revelation as to
The figures given in yesterday's Ger- women's health and on their maternal the origin of the crisis, it is strange to Jane are entirely false. On the British There is nothing partisan, nothing
Man communiqué of the air losses in function, both pretent and prospective. find Dr. Bethann-Hollweg, as cabled on front alone, B1 German machines were emotional in these memoranda. the oth inst.. repudiating in Committee destroyed and 99 others were driven down present a grim pieture of a nation which of the Reichstag the formula nuncntrollable, while the French account. is straining every nerve to overcome the annexations and no indounities in the ed for 45 and the Belgians for four, for. strongest forms, and declaring that the
Just is England recognias the war must be continued with the utmost nking a total of 279, instead of 08 incessity of asing up its man-power on It is impossible, the battle front, so it recognizes the admitted by the enetay. With the Press conducting a very bitter to give the total of the French machines necessity of using up its woman-power
brought down, because no such record is in industry. England recognizes that campaign against Dr. Bethmart Hollweger issued, but as the number of the and articles fikr Prince Lichnowsky's re presenting the Kaiser as a constitutional Marshal Sir Douglas Haig was 78, and British machines reported lust -by-Field- monarch, it looks as though Dr. Both- mann Hollweg is about to be made a scapegoat to enable the Kaiser to climb down both as regards internal reform and the question of annexations.
energy.
IN A STATE OF FLUX."
LONDON, July 10th. The situation in Germany is in a statu of dox. There is no confirmation of the report that the Kaiser has accepted the resignations of Dr. Helfferich and Herr Zimmerman, but indications of important changes are probable.
as the beaviest fighting was on the British front, it is obvious that the German figure of 220 is absurd.
TWO DISABLED GERMAN
SEAPLANES
The crews of the two Gerinan seaplanes. mentioned in an "Admiralty communique buve been landed at Lowestoft. It appears that a seaplane came down in order to launch a torpedo, whereupon a trawler fired at and disabled it. A second seaplane came to the assistance of the firsi, whereupon it also was disabled f
French commentators anticipate that the General von Hindenburg will become COTTON-GROWING the Military Dictator.
It ppears that the movement against Dr. von Bethmann-Hollweg is inspired from Vienna. According to Reuter's correspondent at Zurich, a number of influential representatives of the Cleri cale, who are the most powerfal party in the Reichstag, holding the balance
porters of the
and the
between the Pan-Geric compromise
EMPIRE.
IN THE
They
more than ever in the past should consideration now be given to the well- being of young girls fresh from school. of the prospective mother, and of the mother whose care is especially claimed by her infant during the early months of its life; for more than ever is their welfare of importance to the State, and much more than ordinary is it threatened by conditions of employ
pet
ment."
But in the awful emergency that now faces Englund, "maximum"output" is the watchword in the management of its munition factories. And so in these me
moranda we had the individual, both man and wuman, dealt with as a "haman
· Health and welfare are of machine." prime importance qnly so that "the maximum output. be secured and maintained for any length of time." If there be an imperative demand for in In the House of Commons, Bir Albertudiate maximum output, bealth and Stanley announced that Sir Henry welfare, must be allowed, for the time Birchenough had heen appointed Chuis being, to go by the board. Everything man of the Committee on Empire Cotton-must yield to the imperative necessity Growing.
of war, b
LONDON, July 11th.
for peace, visited Vienna last week and FOOD SCARCITY IN AUSTRIA conferred with the leading Austrian aristocrats. Immediately after their
ONE-MAN GOVERNMENT
ZURICH, July 10th.
margin for civilians after meeting mili
Judged as a “human machine," these memoranda show that, compared with man, woman has less strength, has endur Ca July 12tb st 11.20,-No returns from return. Dr. Erzbergar and his friends Ju the Reichsrath the President of the long hours nor such long periods of aver; that she can undergo neither such Japanese stations Pressure bas inoreseed begun strongly Lo oppose Dr. Food Board made a depressing statement considerably arer NE China and decreased Bethung-Hollweg, and simultaneously or the present conditions. He stated the labour; that she cannot stand the strain are indications of a typhoca in about latitude papers ostentatiously abandoned the Pan-polato shortage. The pod crops were of to certain ailments and form of physi elightly over Fomers abe N Lozon. There the South German National Liberal the situation had been made worse by the of sight work; that her body, physiol
giendly different from man's, is subject 50 deg. N. and longitude 125 deg. E. Its velocity German standpoint and energetically the poorest and would leave the smallest cal disability and direction of motion are at present demanded democratic reforms.
that are readily caused tary necessities. There were also shorter at least accentuated by various forms of body activity, and that these age of sugar, meat and agricultural produce. The Press comments, deapon ailments are far-reaching, in effect" dently on the outlook.
that the lifting and carrying of heavy weights, all sudden, violent, or physi cally unsuitable movements in the opera- ting of machines,” and prolonged stand- ing, are “highly provocative causes of trouble to women, and girls.
s memorandum that there is a sigui ficant amount of physical disability among women in factories which calls for
"Hongkong rainfall for 24 hours ending si 10 am. forday, 0.00 Inch Total sinos ini January, 20.78 inches, against an average o 13.42 inches.NA
The forecast for the 24 hours anding at near 20-day in na follows som
DISTRICT
Hongkong to Gap Bok-
Formoss Channel-
FORECAST.
CONDEMNED.......
Another curious contribution in this campaign against Dr. Bethmann Hollweg is contained in a remarkable article by
Prince Lichowsky, the former German Ambassador to London, who roundly, declares that the system of one-
THE SILVER MARKET.
LONDON, July 10th Silver is quoted at 40.5/16 Contirien man government is obsolete. He demand, tal nying is short and supplies are a Constitutional Parliamentary Govern steady. ment, despite the resistance of the Junkers and the Conservatives, as other mowise the
says the huise go to pieces. He general demand owing to the smallness
E. to NEwinds, moderate; fair.
N.E. winde, aerate to fresh.......
Bouth Coast of China between / The same na Hongkong and Lamoeka No, i Beath Coast of Chins between ) Light variable
winde. Hangkang and Hainan... 1
LONDON, July 12th
Silver is quoted 102d. There is a
is far more constitutional of supplies and the market is steady..
than is supposed, and that he had never intervened personally in public affairs within his (Prince Lichnowsky's) know ledge, apart from a few impulsive tele- grams.
A MILLIONAIRE'S ESTATE
LONDON, July 11th. Mr. Leopold de Rothschild left a million and a half sterling.
prevention and treatment."
"At one shell factory where the male uperatives wore biing largely replaced by women, I was informed that though the women attained a good output in mest operavions, they produced only about half as many shells as the men tid in that particular operation, since they had not the necessary strength.' Turning aluminium fuse bodies is an- other operation that the investigator classifieds moderately heavy, the operatives standing all day at capstan lathes. In the period under observation.. the doctor found a surprising amount of brokon th and sickness." He says:
61 have made the arbitrary assump- tion that operatives who put in less than 45 hours per week of actual work out of a nominal:58) or more, did so because of sickness rather than slack
Thus, in a seven-week period no, less than 12.4 per cent of the weeks, were short weeks (averaging 248 hours), and 5.kaper cont, of them were absent weeks Dr. Vernon continues:
There can be no doubt that the fre quent occurrenct of these short, and absent weeks was due very largely to fatigue resulting from the strain of the heavy lathe work, forewomen engaged in light sedentary occupations showed only about a third as many lapses,
shortage of food, and he did and believe that the people of this country would food in the country. (Cheerr) se their children starve while there was
-WORKERS"- BUHEME-FOR-CONTROL- AL.Cardiff a conference of South Wales Labour and co-operative organizations passed resolutions calling on the Government to parchase all esentist foodstuffs, commandeer or control all facilities, and institute proportional home-grown food, ships, and transport regulations upon a family basis. Locat authorities were called on to set up food control committees, and institute muni- cipal food services.
agreement was based upon the results of inquiries into the effect, economien), physical, and moral, of night work for women. To quote :
"Now once more all these half forgotten facts are in evidence in the munition factories. In a working class home the difficulty in obtaining rest by day is groats quies cannot easily be secured; and the mother of a family, cannot sleep while the claims of child- ren and home are pressing upon hers the younger unmarried women are tempted to take the daylight hours for amusement or shopping; moreover, sleep is often interrupted in order that the midday meal may be shared. Attention is called to the fact that this hours between 8 am and 6 am, and' 4 am, and 7 dm, coincide with the period when, apart from industrial fatigue, vitality is low.
tai
A few women of rare physique-with- stand the strain sufficiently to main- a reasonable output, hut the Angging effect of the majority is not; only unproductive at the moment; it' has its influence also upon subsequent cutput, which suffers was in a vicious circle. There seems little appetite for the meal which occurs between I and 3 a.m., and it is often of a most unsatisfactory character." Instances are mentioned of women so fatigued that they wouldn't make the effort to go from their work to the mess.
Not only did he find that "moderately heavy" work had a serious effect upon the health of the women operatives, but room. he also learned that even when engaged It must not be inferred that there is on th"moderate" and light of work the women have less power of that the women of England are rendering types any disposition to belittle the services application, when working on a 10 or 12 in this crucial hour. In various places huer shift, than have the men, although in the memorandum the committee state: the latter are engaged in heavier work. that they appreciate the exceptional Several sets of operatives, both male importance of women's labour in the and female, were kept under close obser- present emergency.” Nor is there any of application might be investigated patriotism that the women have display vation for many days so that their power lack of appreciation of the splendid, Themen engaged in heavy worked. The engagem
persistance, and it was very seldom that almost without exception, were found to stick to their work with admirable
they rested even for a minute! On the other hand, the women engaged in mo derately heavy work,
rested for times which in aggregate mounted to one and a half-hours out of the twelve-hour day, and over an hour out of the ten-hour day, in al- dition to the hour or so of compulsory rest required for attention to their lathes at the hands of the toolsetters:
The imperative necessity of war has revived, after almost a century of disuse the night employment of women in factories. Prohibited for the textile trades by the factory legislation of
But aside Irona the Wlative merits of 1844, it disappeared gradually in Great
The engagement of women in thọ manufacture of munitions presents many features of outstanding interest. Probably the most striking is the Funiversal character of their response to the country's call for their help. In the character of the response lias largely the secret of its industrial success, which is remarkable. The fact that women and girls of all types and ages have pressed and are pressing into industry shows a spirit of patriotium which is as finely maintained as it was quickly shown. Conditions of work are accepted without question an without complaint which, immediately detrimental to output, would if con tained be ultimately disastrous to
health, omnites, for the
It is, asserts the
men and women as human machines. Britain, and also in other countries, until there are some other details in the it was banished by international agree-nation to safeguard the devotion of its memoranda which are of grave concern, ment from the twelve European countries workers by its foresight and watchfulness Mention is made of “matters, parti. 1 which signed the convention drawn up lest irreparable harm be done to body ularly of discipline and conduct, at the Berne Conference in 1906 The and mind both in this generation and in which helpful oversight is especially (Continued at foot of nezt column.) the next. Y Times.