A TICKLISH AIR· JOB. "CO-OPERATION WITH
-INFANTRY."
[BY WINO, E..." "Well, and what atrocity, invented for us to-morrow, old man!"
they
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS,
WHAT FRANCE EXPECTS OF ADMIRALTY AND SUBMARINI
NEW RUSSIA
M. ALBERT: THOMAS IN PETROGRAD.
M. Albert Thomas, French Minister of Munitions, was received by the Executive
WARFARE.
[BY ARCHIBALD HURD.]
It will be a great advantage if the [ nation at large gains an accurate con- ception of the character of the problem
MONDAY, JULY 9TH, 1917.
HEROISM IN THE ADVANCE MEN FAR BEHIND THE GERMAN LINE
"THE TIMES' SPECIAL CORRESPONDEST We often hear of cases when it is im- possible to restrain our men in attack, and they go far beyond the limits of the
instance occurred in the fighting on April 28th in the neighbourhood of Gavrelle straight ahead 2,000 yards into the blue.
when some 200 men from London went
Oh, you and I are down for that Committee of the Council of Workmen's which has to be solved, for it must and advance assigned to them A remarkable pleasant, little pastime known as barrage and Boldiers' Delegates at Petrograd on will be solved. Germany has carried out bumping' at 5.30 a.m., Jimmy, and the May 19th. After having been cordially preparations for the campaign over Commanding Officer wants to see you at greeted by M. Tehkheidze, the President period of two years: the present naval of the Committee, M. Thomas, was invitadministration has been seriously en- tical situation, on the war, and on the
Jonce about it,"
"Oh, and you're flight orderly officered to give his views on the present poli-gaged in the task of combating the peril on that day south of Gavretle we swept
I have already told how in the fighting
try which has no special landmarks and actions of international Socialism. In arising from the use of submarine and over a wide tract of indeterminate coun Hill. The troops fighting here could un- speech, which lasted no less than two shine without restraint for a period of a carried the nearer slopes of Greenland hours and a quarer, M. Thomas indicated little over three months. Mark that condoubtedly have gone farther, but the the what French public opinion expector
troops on their right were held up by from New Russia.
intricate defences about the chemical works and loeux. Our men here, there fore, having reached the points, assigned successive counterattacks with stanchness
trast.
too. Don't forget to censor the letters this time. I had to do them all last week while you were slacking about in the air all the afternoon,"
I can't see why mechanics should be obrious habit of theirs. But still, as allowed to write letters at all; it's a most they do, I suppose I must serawl my name Russia would give. The hopes of Erench Who foresaw the possibility of much them, dug in and stayed there, beating off
France, he said, had at times heen
mucions as regards the assistance which democrats were that new Russia would Rive France her unreserved help
over Fams of wasto paper to-morrow. Oh, well, there's no peace for the wicked "Now I must go and interview our beM.Thomas, then analysed the errors fored 10. (Intelligence Officer) about which French Socialists might commit our little trip to-morrow. Cheerio! Ses concerning Russian Socialist idens, and vice verm It was necessary, bo anid, to you at the sheds in the morning."
He picks up a notebook and bundle of find the bases and conditions under which naps and goes out, while his pilot, after common netion could be instituted. Ta French Minister explained why the bawling to his servant to call him early.
French Majority Socialists considered it quickly undresses and tumbles into bed.
At 5.45 the next morning a machine is impossible to meet the German Majority speeding towards the distant lines just Socialists in a conference, which would
have been convoked without the pr liminary recognition of common prin ciples. He recognized, however, that it. was desirable that the Socialist parties of all countries should clearly formulate their principles. Nevertheless, be added, this effort must not be the occasion for a new German intrigar M. Thomas recalled the intrigues of the German Socialists during the war.
above a bank of thin, white mist.
Jimmy, the observer, still rather peevish at what he considers the unnecessarily early start and entirely unmoved by the splendid sunrise, sita huddled in his seat swathed in serves, mufflers, and silk handkerchiefs.
and has been a "show" on during the night, and their duty is to get in touch with aur infantry in the newly won -positions, returning as soon as possible to report what they have secu. The attack being only just over, the artillery fire is still heavy, so that in order to be able to see anything it is necessary to fly as low as possible, often in the thick of the shells of our own barrage,
+
As they approach the lines the pilot puts the nose of his machine down and gradually loses height until they are flying over our batteries at about 500ft. There the noise is appalling, as the un censing coughs and grunts of our guna can be clearly teard above the roar of the engine, some of them sounding as if the were no more than a few yards away.
The machine quivere and sways in the caused by the rushing shells, and every now and again it is possible to catch a fleeting glance of a long, sinister black shape hurtling by.
Jimmy, knowing his part of the job is about to begin, sits up and, wriggling into the position from which he can best "observe, arranges hin maps, puts his note
book handy, and node to the pilot.
***bumps
The machine swings eastwards over the field batteries, which are pelting away as hurd as they can, the continuous rattle: of the reports sounding like a gigantic machine-gun; and on towards the inferno of smoke, sound, and dying debris that anacks the captured position and the #renches beyond it.
After the entry of the United States into the war and after the Russian Revolution, he remarked, the Western Socialists could not consent to discuss the democratic aims of the war unless they were convinced that the war would be vigorously conducted, for the aims of a war of international democracy, would never be recognized by Prussian mili tarism. To realize democratic idens, the Minister concluded, it was necessary that all should work together to secure the
defeat of Germany.
M. Thomas' speech was listened to wit interest, and the growing sympathy of his hearers was evident as it proceeded Although several of the points raised have been examined asd decided upon by the Committee, the members of the latter ro- quested that they should be allowed to defer their reply to the new questions involved. Another interview will there- fore take place between M. Thomas and the Executive Committee of the Council of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates.
THE NEW RUSSIA."
PROFESSOR VINOGRADOFF ON
THE REVOLUTION.
It is sometimes suggested that the Bri- tish Navy was caught unready. Was it
grent campaigns ag is now in progress, unless it
Meanwhile, on the left of this part of be Admiral Sir Percy Sentt, and he was convinced that humane, feeling and fear the attack: a certain number of London ed, were left to their own devices and, as of intervention by neutrals would check men, their officers being killed or wound- any such manifestation as we are wit always in such cases, determined to go on nessing. The opinion of Lord Sydenham, where the enemy could still be found.. A former Secretary of the Committee of little south of Gavrelle, about a thousand Imperial Defence, may be mentioned as yards east of the western edge of Green- typical of the general view of the sub-land Hill, is a small patch of woodland, the war. He was in agreement with Lord Here at least was a visible objective in marine, which was held on the eve of marked on the maps as the Square Wood. Beresford in regarding the submarine as the waste, so they headed for the Square of slight military value. He remarked, Wood. They were much cheered on ar
riving to see a trench in front of the woad- where the enemy firing at them had been June 8th, 1914:
almost obliterated by our guns. It must have been unpleasant going through our own shall fire, but they did it, and clear. ed out the remnant in the trench with the bayonet, and occupied the Square Wood.
On the surface the submarine is a not inferior destroyer, slow. supremely vulnerable, and unsuitable for long habitation. When it is submerged it can be navigated only by the periscope. In this position it would be not wholly invisible, and if caught by a destroyer it would be sent to the bottom, On the high seas the chances (ol employ. ing submarines successfully) will be few, and submarines will require for their existence parent ships
It was altogether an absurd place to be in, and they must have felt very lonely. It was a long way home again to where the bulk of our men were, but another thousand yards ahead of them on the map was another and larger wood, known as Railway Copsc It seemed better to go there than to stay where they were, so on they went again
Arriving at the Railway Copse they found German batteries in the forward the German gunners thought the whole edge of the wood, and as they approached British Army was coming, so ran, and while our men fired at them the German infantry beyond also saw the gunners run ding, and fired on them too, and the gun- ners had really a beastly time. Arriving at the wood these Columbuses, exposed fre from all directions, took cover, did their best to dig themselves in, and wait ed.
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And, by a miracle, practically all got back that night. Some few who came wound. back from the Square Wood reported what their comrades had done, so officers, went out to fetch them, and brought them in two parties home again.
ANTICIPATION AND REALISATION. All that easy optimism has been over- laid by the actual performances of Ger man submarines, which have surprised the no one more than the Germans themselves. Three years ago their opinion of value of under water craft may be judged from the fact that they possessed only twenty-seven, about one-third the number in our Navy. Indeed, no othcers in any feet sneered so consistently at the submarine as those of the German Navy, and they meant it. It was only when all their war calculations miscarried on land, and when the submarine as a war-weapon, used in accordance with the traditions of the brotherhood of the sea, had failed to reduce our fleet to parity with the Ger man feet, that they determined to use under-water craft for outrage and piracy They have met with some success, as they Not all the 200 returned, but the whole did at first when they sent battle cruisers battalion to which they belonged had less in
the night to bombard our coasts, and than 60 casualties is the whole day' fight- when Zeppeling cruised over these islands, ing, so the party which perpetanted one dropping bombs on peaceful towns and of the most audacions escapades of the villages. But the triumph in cách case war got off practically scot freez was only temporary, and, though the The point to which they penetrated was submarine, owing to the vast area of about 1,500 yards eastward of the farthest water in which it operates and its in-post in our line to-day, a fortnight later, visibility, his raised new and most diffi- cult problems, it is unthinkable that these problems will not ultimately be solved. on the surface of the sen only one or two As has already been explained, the periscopes, each about the size of a Admiralty set up several months ago an dinner-plate, which enables vision to be Anti-Submarine Department, which has maintained of all that is occurring. The revelation, said Sir Paul Vino been studying the matter day by day and Those are developments which were not gradoff, might he presented as a huge experimenting in all directions. It in foreseen in any country. The Germans thave taken the fellest advantage of them experiment in politics, an object-lesson on the Inrgest scale, to show what an inti. cludes about a score of the "brightest male connection there was in Rusein officers of the Fleet, to borrow an Ameri- by setting aside all law and human feel canism. It is developing offensive dofening, they have seized the triumphs of between the highest realisation of politi sive measures, which take time to reach physical science and harnessed them to spirit of the the dead past. viners and towns, great and winall. Hud fruition, and the character of which is That is a conjunction which was not calidicals and the business life of pro- there not been the background of develop three recent notices in the London anticipated. ment of self-governing units behind the Gazette announcing new mine fields off insurrection in Petrograd, the rising the German coast is significant of tho Suddenly the observer points to a spot might have remained an isolated event. trend of policy, so far as mining can he still farther into the pall of smoke, and The fact that the revolution in a few days the pilot gazing hard sees the signal they became a general transformation of made a danger and embarrassment require, well in advance of the place they Russia was really an effect of the long these "bacilli of the sea." expected it, which proves that the in-preparation in the provinces and the fantry has dashed on and taken more than towns. The most remarkable feature of
the revolution was its was hoped for.
They head in that direction, dropping To outside observer it might ha growth. have seemed still lower as they go, until the machine a sudden upheaval. It was nothing of the seems to be missing by inches the mangled sort; it was as gradual, as inevitable, as remains of such houses and trees as are irresistible, as the rising of the tide. There had been an advance of the self still standing here and there..
governing, already free unions, first towards the solution of their own private business, then towards the taking up of general schemes of assistance in national difficulties and national distress, and ultimately towards actual revolution.
ར་
Sir Paul Vinegradoff, professor of While the machine is kicking and jumping in the stream of projectiles, both jurisprudence in the University of ours and the Germans, the latter often Oxford, gave a lecture recently on The bursting with a deafening Cr-r--umpRussian Unions and the Revolution." just underneath, the cagino keeps up its steady droning note, showing that no thing is wrong there; but pilot and ob server, straining their eyes through the smoke and haze, looking for signs of our infantry, seem not to be aware of these things, except for die je king ticis the jerking movements ho automatically controls the erratie pro -gress of his machine.
Jimmy, after a rapid survey of the surrounding trenches, in which the khaki of our men can be easily distinguished from the German field-grey, begins to write hurriedly, glancing round now and again for fresh information.
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-SUCCESS AND CONFIDENCE. Confidence in any naval administration dependa finally upon success. The pre sent Board of Admiralty, and the large number of officers, fresh from the sea, working under its direction, may justify. THE MENACE OF THE SUBMARINE,
the hopes of the nation, or they may not. The type of submarine employed is not But the time has not come for final judg "small boat, but a big vessel requiring ment, though the outlook is full of pro- no base for supplies, and operating for mise. In the main, any judgment passed weeks on end in deep water, where tets to-day must be passed on the work, not and other devices, employed earlier in the of the present Board, but of Boards which war, are useless. Each submarine mounts preceded it. But, let it be added, that two 4.lin: guns, firing a shell of 341b. It former administrations, if they exhibited also carries a most efficient type of tor- a lack of prevision, in some respects, Pedo, which can be used with deadly could at least claim, if put on their of this year that the accuracy at a range of a mile or more defence, that it was not until Feb- is a point to bear in mind. Our guns Germans, defying the United States, when the submarine is submerged. That ruary 1st have driven the submarine below the determined, after two years of energetic Having traced the effects of self-govern surface, but the Germans have evidently preparation for the campaign, upon Suddenly a machine-gun begins to ment which arom in Russia as one of the been able to send such an increased num policy which it was confidently believed crackle in a forward trench still held by great reforms of the Tsar Alexander Iber of under-water craft to sea as to com- no country would ever adopt. At the the enemy, and after a few seconds they the lecturer went on to show how much pensate for this disadvantage. The sub beginning of February the Admiralty buth hear the phit-phit-phit" of bullets had been dono, by the Union of the marine, moreover, has a surface spoed as was not caught unprepapred, but the pre- Zematvos, which in the present war had, high as 17 knots, about equivalent to that parations which it had made in the course whistling by.
The pilot frowns and starts to swerve to January 1916, provided hospitals of an ordinary passenger train, and sub of a few weeks to meet an offensive pre-
with 173,000 beds as well as 24,000 beds for merged the aubmarines travel at 10 or pared for over many months, had not drink plenty from side to side at odd moments, infectious diseases, while the Union of the more knots. The merchant ship is slow; developed sufficiently. As has been stated, that the machine becomes & more difTowns had provided another 173,000 beds
many of them do not travel more than sea-power is a plant of slow growth, Ib Lime Juices cooling to the blood, and so ficult target for the German gunners, but Sir Paul Vinogradoff recalled the great five knots, and few exceed 15 Speed takes the best part of a year to build the course is still roughly up and down part the Unions had also played in pro- menng money, and there was no object in even a small vessel for fighting a sub refreshing. over the front trench line we now hold.viding the army with clothing and other the past to exaggerate the rate of steam marine; scientific experimente occupy Jimmy takes no notice, but goes on writ necessaries. He attributed the swift caling of the ocean tramp: Those are the many week ing faster than before. Then aftermination of the revolution to the fear conditions which prevail at a moment In spite of what German submarines minute or two more he shuts his notebook, which was felt of the conclusion of a when the Germans have pushed out to and mines have done, we hold the com ods to his pilot, and, as the lattes swings shameful peace, and, it might be said, these the accumulated resources of two mand of the sea, in the sense in which the machine round homewards with a belief that there was treachery at work, years of frantic efforts to build vessels that term has always been employed. sigh of relief, gets up to his gun and In concluding, he said it was important and train crews. The merchant ship is Today it in subject to limitations, it is sends a parting stream of lead into the for the Provisional Government not to Germsu trenches, of lead into the
remain in the position of a dictatorial When they get well behind our hat committee Russia had achieved some teries Jimmy passes back a neatly rolled thing really magnificent its liberty. 1
message-bag containing the precious in was now for Russia to achieve something formation that is being so eagerly waited more to create a national authority for at headquarters, and a little later, worthy of its name. when passing over the remains of the château where the staff is quartered, the
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always on the surface, conspicuous true, but it would be a grave error to Monday, 16th July- target; the anbmarine is sometimes on the overlook the fundamental fact that all our surface, but in the course of a compara war activities depend upon the main- tively few seconds it can dive and evade tenance of the constriction which the attack. In many cases officers and men Grand Fleet has placed upon the High Thurwiss. 19th July
pressure of 1234 pm-British Traders Insurance Co., never catch a glimpse of the under-water Ben Flect. If, owing to the
Ltd, Extraordinary General Meeting craft, but know of the attack only by the public opinion, the Grand Fleet were shock of the torpedo's explosion. In risked with untoward results, the war Tuesday, 31st July:-—— these circumstances can be understood would be over, no only so far as this Non-Auntion of Valuable Leehold Pro- Derly from the Liquidators of Messrs by those who are least acquaint, di with country is concerned, but so far as the
Jabmen & Co., a Sales Rooms, by Mr the trackless wastes in which the mer- Allies are concerned. Our naval policy
den P. Lamerkkledi chant navy operates how great are the reflects the best thought of the service. through the fring, wires, and the group A pilot and observer clamber out difficulties which confront the Navy, with Naval officers have been brought to rusts up to meet it. Within twenty feet flight-commander comes up, and after a many tasks on hand in every sea, in deal realisation that the Grand Pleet is of officers and orderlies watching seem to
*keystone of the Allied cause. It would of the ground and directly over the wait few questions about the job says: Wing with this menace
be a disaster of the first degree if any-
pilot hangs it over the side. Down goes ten minutes or so later are safe back in the nose of the machine the wind hums their aerodrome.
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ing staff, the pilot drops the bag, which have just had a message from the bat The problem of combatting the m 80. thing were done to weaken the strangle General Meeting at the Ofios of Hend of the MEETINGS futters almost into the eager hands wait brought down about half a hour ago by marine from a small, slow ship, accom: hold which we have obtained upón Ger Auction of Valuable Losnehold Pro Serton, 1918,
Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd **teries saying a contact machine' was hian, then, in the development of the sub- ng for it. He then pulla the machine.
& Hough fronted with an embarrassing situation, upwards, and the impetus gained in the one of our own shells. Must be one of panied by a parent ship, into a large and many and her partners. We are con-perty at Balee Rooms, by Messrs. Hughes downward swoop carries it up several Number squadron's people, sup comparatively swift vessel with all the but in due course the work which is being Monday, 37th Aug,
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Nom-Anetion of Vainable Lobold Pro hundred fest again. pose, as you two are back all right.” **
They circle round once, then with a
party from the Liquidator of Menari I'm not surprised, poor devils," says torpedoes--and in addition the power of will stand defeated under the sea, as he
Witaks & Ca, si Bales Bouns, by Mr. wave to those below start homewards, and Jimmy; "the nasty things are, thick hiding when in danger of attack, leaving has been defeated on the sea-Daily
Gea. P. Lazmarł. enough.
Telegraph. (Continued at foot of neet column.) * (Continued at your next column.)
Is breakfast ready ↑ "
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