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41-10
GERMAN COLONIAL AIMS.
CENTRAL AFRICA
THE LAST STAGE OF WORLD
POVER
BY A CORRESPONDENT OF ME TIMES FORMERLY IN BERLIN.
aims.
The reasons
clear
Since the earliest stages of the war German colonial ambitions have been voiled in an official reticence that is in marked contrast with the abundant dis cussion of German political and economic aims in other spheres. The Imperial Chancellor's speeches have contained only the vaguest and most perfunctory refer ences to colonial events and possibilities When the Colonial Secretary, Herr Solf, made a lecture tour of Germany a year ago, the chief, result was that he became involved in controversy as to whether be does or does not conisder that Germany's colonial aims are fundamentally depend- ent upon the achievement of her naval
for caution are. enough Herr Solf and his colleagues began the war with futile proposals for the neutralization of Africa, and adopt ing an air of injured innocence, insisted upon the essentially non-military character of German colonial policy and upon the wickedness of destroying by was the solidarity of the white races in face of native populations. Glad though they might be to take anything they can get, they
are no longer aiming at the posses sion of territory without military guarantees, and they have no desire by further talk of white race prestige" to provoke the answer that the best way to preserve the prestige of the white races is to perpetuate their extermination of German rule. Secondly, although all the German political parties with the Socialist Majority extremely 1
colonial among them are pledged to.. policy, even the colonial enthusiasts have little taste at present for public Pro in view of the fluctuations and disappointments of the war, and 10 view of the rude public belief that the German Colonies have proved to be at beste
which counter nter conquered Sauce weigh Germany under worn pawns in Europe. But, above all, Germany desires to divert the word's attention ns long as possible from the indisputable fact that her schemes of * colonial policy are schemes of world power, and are being considered in terms of strategy and the next
THE END OF THE ECONOMIC ARGUMENT.
war
Colonies, in the German jargon are objects either of world economis or
***German, war litera of
fworld politics. ture has fually removed all shadow of doubt that the economic aim is now de finitely subordinated to the political zim The whole German colonial movement now subscribes absolutely to the doctrine of Professor Hans Delbrück the Bern historian,
that German world-policy is in reality nothing but colonial policy overived on large lines, A ONION
the
essence of the matter is
that
be
lnim no longer to be passed over in the distribution of the world bus to be equipped with a considerable colonin Empire of her own, wherever it songht-presumably in Central Africa and to the doctrine of Professor Wieden fcid, of Jena, that colonies are primarily #world-political banco
ENGLISH SPOKEN EVERY- WHERE.
OUR BOYS IN BELGIUM.
Empire at all, but merely a number of possessions without geographical and political connection and without estab fished communionsions. How great- power of resistance of our ly would the colonies have been increased if they had not been isolated These, experiences thow what direction our time must take. shall achieve the fulfilment of our
Every British soldier who has served if we remain concions that the in this part of the line will tell you that colonial-political aim is not something he likes Belgium. Why The country which stands alone by itself, but must itself is by no means beautifül be regarded in organic connection with
desires
to attain by the world war."
TUY AN OPTIOER
Atkins, he will probably tell you that he all other aims which we are determined. If you ask that shy man Thomas This pronouncement was accepted at likes Belgium because it is oney to once by all Colonial enthusiasts as satis get on there. The real explanation is factory Let us eve what they mean, that the Belgian has helped Thomss Central Burope" (Mitteleuroza) lug Atkins to solve the language problem by taken definite shape during the war: rapid acquisition of English; that Central Africa (Mittelafrika) was home comforts have been brought nearor already taking shape in the period of the by tea, bread and butter, and chipa”; Anglo-German detente the period be that every Belgian farm-house has always a cup of coffee and a friendly word for 1914 when Prince tween 1912 and Lichnowsky and the British Foreign Office the British soldier. Between Tommy were negotiating treaties concerning Atkins and the Delgian people there has Afrier, and Mesopotamin and interna- grown an understanding the credit for tional finance, by debate in the Wilhelin which must be given to the initiative, the strasac, was calmly carving up the whole hospitality, and the adaptability of the of Turkey in Asia into what were called Belgian "spheres of
Germany: notion."
was then
Everywhere English is spoken; every showing her hand in the great game village behind the line has its comfort which was already intended to end in the linking-up of and
the German bloe in Africa ble starinet where Tommy Atkins con the German blog in Asia. This vary Army diet by an indulgence in eggs, tes child has a smattering of English, and ideal has been best expounded by that chips, and confectionery very school
Swedish Pan-German, Profes sor Kjellen in his Political Problems the boys will always raise their caps to
and the Frankfurter an English officer.
26th, Zeitung (The
BIROU IT-BOX HOUSES.
1916) has in a fit of candour, explained how Turkey, so far from being an in- The faith of the Bolgian in the cause dependent foreign Ally, should be fitted for which we are fighting and in its into German Koloniapolitik as a now ultimate vindication by the strength of Australia." But the Asiatic goal has the British Empire is shown by the way never been essential to the African goul, in which he is creeping back to his home- and the more Germany's Eastern ambistead. It is now a common sight to see tions dwindle, the further the hope of the conquest of Egypt recedes, the more cer an will it appear to the German mind that the true goal never lay beyond Bagh
dad, but in Africa
as
BERLIN TO TAKE GHAD
"bandbox" kind of dwelling knocked together, and occupied within a few days. The normal population of many of the villages has been doubled these last few months by the homing instincts of the Belgion and through his confidence in This process has already gone far British troops to keep the Boche where
he is enough for Harr Emil Zimmermann the well-known Colonial publicist, to ox These houses," while forming an odd plain, in an entertaining article in the collection of ideas in architecture, demon- February number of the Preussischestrate the resources of the Belgian in Jahrbücher, that when the German Em- waking much out of nothing. A good peror and Empress went to Constantin many of them bave walls of nothing more ople and Damascus in 1899, their politi sbstantial than cheese or bisenit boxes cal destination was not the Persian Gulf, intended primarily for the packing of Army ratione. Discarded tea thus packed but Labs, Chad, for the Pers
When, 50 years, hence, German Con-with earth have been used in an attempt tral Africa contains among 50,000,000 to make a "bomb-proof **** dwelling. niggers 500,000 or more Germans, and There are to-day hundreds of homes es when great cities have grown up on Lake tablished out of the odds and ends in- Chad, on the Congo on Lake Tangan-avitably wasted when troops are on the Fika, it will be nothing unusual for a move. Sometimes the design is in the Berlin wholesale firm to give the follow form of a one-finer but with a dividing ing order to its traveller at the begin wall of sacking between living room and er Pack your sam bed room. A more popular style is to ning of September ---- * - ples, take the Congo express, and travel use half the shunty as a shop or café and Wilhelmstadt the rest as living quartera Invariably to the autumn fair at (which will then be the name of Stanley theo mushroom houses are named in ville); we expect your order in three or French or Flemish They are alwayɛ four weeks, and the goods will arrive in villas. But more prominent than Africa at the beginning of December their names are the announcements of
food and warce in English.
The journey From Berlin will take
One enterprising native renamed his seven days to the Congo and Lake Tari ganyika, Avs days to Lake Chady express premises Skindle s," and styled it a re- trafic will go vid the Mediterranean and staurant for officers. The sequel has been North Africa, and goods truffe by the old found in big business and a popular - from crous, world will have toonte friend out of the line. -Daily sea routes from the North Sea ports, rendezvous for all officera desiring to Parisen in the Mediterranean, and this fail
development will have dated from the frerman Emperor's journey of 1898-
picture is ketched, for example, by Herr Elsewhera (Deutsche Pulitik, Angust, Franz Kolbe, in the February number of from William the Traveler to the East 1938) Here Zigimermann has explained Dentsche Politik, and he proceeds: what Germany's leap across the Meditor the whole cost of West Africa from ranean will mean in world polities --
the mouth of the Cross River to the month German Africa, which will find allies of the Orange aiver would be in German at once in Abyssinin and in dahomedan possession. When one only remembere freedom movements, will make the an what inmense achievements were per ployment of black troops against our furned by the Ander in the Indian Ocean European Frontiers impossible. Gerinan and by the Karlsruhe in the Atlantic, Africa alone will give us a balance of without any naval base, without any power in the East and in Africa. It will
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The war has knocked the bottom of the purely economie argument. It was formerly the German habit to inform benevolent but ignorant foreign opinion that all Germany wanted wasan o let for her surplus population," fiction, at least, is now dead, and she bo burned, It was exposed before
supplies of munitions, food, etc, it will war by such an authority as the former remove the Egyptian pressure on Asia Possibility of replenishing in purt their Imperial Blinister of the Interior, Count Minor, and give to Italy freedom of be roulised what the fortification of half Posadowsky The last word on the sub-movement, as against her present, allies the West Coast of Africa would signlly ject is said (Nord and Sul, February, and to Spain and Greece the necessary for Germany and for England As Soon OLARKE'S Organs in either. Thous
relief, German Africa will make us a world power by enabling us to exert des In new war, the Suez Canal is decisions of our chemies and of other traffic between England and India, Powers and to exercise pressure on all Australia and South Africa must go shapings of policy in Africa, Asia round the Cape of Good Hope. But then Minor, and southern Europe, all the shipping must pass the coast of - DERMAN AFRICA AND THE NEXT WAR. German Central Africa It would be
That is
one aspect of German impossible for England any longer to con
1017) by Baron von Rechenberg, formerly
Governor of German East Africa isive influence upon the world-political closed against England by the Turks, all
settlers, ...)
Africans
BEL
In 1012 the
39!
"Just as we lack available and for settling, so we lack suitable German ... For a number of years in migration into Germany has been much greater than emigration from Germany - Even in times of peace German agri- culture bad not a surplus but a shortage Africa. But it is not all German centrate her whole Fleet in the North of labour, and it cannot possibly accord with our interests to increase the short Africa is also to solve the problem of Sen and to menace Germany. She would power to destroy the strategic unity be compelled to station a considerable age by encouraging emigration, Re- grettable though it is, there can be no of the British Empire, and to compl to fleet in South Africa for the protection question at the conclusion of rate of the German freedom of the seas which of her trade, and that would mean anot acquiring extensive territory for settle can be fully achieved neither by increase inconsiderable weakening of her forces in ment: there is no appropriate country of the Germma Navy nor even by posseuropean waters."',
sion of the Belgian epast.
Such utterances seen extravagant; so and there are no farmers to settle on it Clerman Government inspired an extra did the writing of Bernhardi and the All that remains of the purely economic ordinary pamphlet called German rest before the war. What are they but argument is wild discussion of the need to secure for Germany new sources of and No War. It was the logical development of Herr Solf's for the mediate purposes of colonial-political aim, and of the her own for the supply of tar Lichnowsky diplomacy, to show that Gor formula of any German politician? materials. The German
man aims in Asia Minor were strictly The truth is that there is no mode rival the German Central Europeans
limited in the main confined to the com-rate or limited German colonial policy. statistics, but thepletion of the Baghdad Railway-and in compilation of s statistics are not more serious than the that the proper solution in the interests writers of the Socialist minority often argument of the Socialist Deputy. Horr of Germany and of peace was the estab demonstrate, the professors like Delbrück, Severing that labour conditions in Gerlishment of German Central Africa the Central Europeans like Naumann in the Conservatives, Clericals National many will be better if the raw materials through the acquisition of the Belgian come from German than if they coue Congo and the possessions of Portugal Liberals, and the Socialists like Janson from foreign sources. But in a passage on strategy the author Qeasel, Severing and Lansch, at all "BLOC. dets the cat out of the old he mpreg politik" (Neue Zeit, February the
He explained one" it is simply a question of Haslu
In fact, Weltpolitik is:
is the root of the that Central Africa " whole matter, and I propose to show the nable on land being able to defy the Colonial Pan-Germanism has gone, the present trend of German ambition. The militia of the South African Union, full circle, and has returned to the sheer
much
feeble for attack militarism, based upon sentiment and central idea is the establishment of a 97 conquest and that, while the buck prestige, which was rampant at the close solid German bloc in Africa, geographic Canal would doubtless he closed on the of the Franco-German War. Kolonial ally united and militarily impregnable outbreak of war, and England would politik is only a form of Welt politik, and Beyond that idea lies the ambition of linking German Africa with Cen have to rely entirely on the Cape route its fate, as the Germans perceived at-the tral Europe
Carope and the Near East, and to India, the German Navy, once outside beginning of the war, but say less often North Sea and the Channel, would now, must, of necessity, he settled on the of creating perpetual menace, both to enjoy the most favourable conditions, battlefields of Europe.
the back one usually Ipcated Dorman writers are now more precise. Meanwhile the silence of the German Egypt of the British Empire, and They assume that the new German Colonial Office does not mean that it is
of Africa
consist at least of the
***WELTTÖLITIK AND AN AFRICAN
non-Cerman Powers.
which was
fall prevent and future comb Germans colonies, the whole of the idle. It is tabulating and pigeon-holing
adequate garrison with
From time to time to the alterations of
here is no doubt that the German gian Congo, the whole of French Equits plans, and adapting them, an doubt, Colonial Office has embraced the doctrine torial Africa and Angola. It will con the military and political situation They
not only an of the Colonial bloc. Herr Solf in spite tain of all his caution, contributed the fel adequate supplies, but local munition fac will be produced in abundance and
colonial stories, Germany will have naval bases variety, when the right moment comes lowed pronouncement to a
at Dar-es-Salaam, the mouth of the best of all if peace sears to be in other calendar
Cameroon estuary, the month of the respects assured short of that, the Congo on the coast of Angola and on oportunity arrives to promote dissen Thesion in the Entente by representing their the coast of South West Africa rajection as the only chstacle to penç. ——
Cashewed at foot of next column.),
The history
istory of our colonies in this world-war has shown what was hitherto wanting in the German colonist Empire. It has shown that it just was not a proper
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