TER HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, APRIL 5TH. 1917.
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3,000,000 DEAD FOR A RAIL- WAY LINE!
[BY PROFESSOR TG. MASARYK, THE EXILED CZECH M.Paj
THE GREAT GAMBLE. THE SUBMARINE MENACE AND BRITAIN'S SHORTAGE OF SHIPS
While the war progresses towards it A. G. GARDINER, EDITOR OF THE DAILY third completed year there are men busy
NEWS AND LEADER."] at work on another link in the railroad of death, the iron way which is to link up Thorence few. I suppose, who do not Berlin with Baghdad, to apply feel to-day that the wir is rushing to its It is not an unfitting term to apply to climax and its decision. The impetus of this piece of railway construction, for the the action precludes any other feeling, and German dreams of empire from Prussia the eyele of events is linest risibly ec- the gras gay aged a steel rod connecting ulete. It began with two dominant facts Prussing capital with Mesopotamia. the supremacy of Germany on land and
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ROMANCE OF THE TREASURY,
STORY OF SIR SAMUEL HARDMAN
LEVER
except in the last resort, take the form of a challenge to the supremacy of the British Navy; but it could take the form' of a challenge to the effectiveness of that Navy in one of its two functions-that of securing the safety of British trans- The story of Mr. Samuel Hardma port. It could not lift the German, Lever, Financial Secretary of the Trea- blockade, but it might establish a counter sary, on whom the King his bestowed the blockade. And so, after the first ab honour of a K.G.B., is one of the rotoszces marine campaige had been suppressed of the war, and will stand in history as very energy was diverted to building an illustration of the high patriotim of such a deet of submarine crnisers--wift British subjects who were living outside (saya as a battleshin on the surface, able to the British Empire, when
No war began{ travel ten thousand miles, and carrying the Viefly Kerderved tributes to
the guns, that would sink a ship at a range Several well-deserved
of Mr. Lever have been paid in of two or three miles--as would destro Parlament by Ministers, but hitherto the tans remained in absolute ignor.
and in that sense we can speak of the war the supremaey of Great Britain on the sens, the whole mercantile marine of the wore fact that Mr. Lever gave up
to run
plete control as much of the Berlin- Baghdad zuilway as the corridor of States through which the track when fished is
By the sime peace
peace is secured the vail rond may well have cost Europe twenty million sion of an historic steel track the world
casualties, a price for the theses
the majority of
were, later ju interesting themselves in the
proposal the sword of the submarine was
came to A
string,
atics of of those two forces would prevail. They
THE CALCULATIONS,"
his own business after war broke out and could not come into netual conflict, for, as
his services. BisureNeverthless it is upon the heart. It comes at the end of a semence elephant cannot fight That is the thrust now directed at our
to the country, the
After two years or su he is the Chance relative power of those two forces that the of events all related for the higher lor of the Exchequer's second in cont war he turned and in the end the death strategy of Germany's never hand-to-mand, and will this exercise a large share the set ultimately control, the land. It Roumania was intended not only to win State finance, and will, of course, be the crapple was bound to be on the sent for houth: The spectacular drive through of influence over the whole sphere of is this final stage to which we have come food but to put the Alles in fear; the Chancellor's adviwr in drawing up. Büd- is never likely to pay again. When Germany failed to stampede Europe peace proposal was made to turn that gets Dozen.gidad, railway was unknown in 1914-15 the realised that the $13.50
before the present war, the idea of ojan-factor in the war was sea-powering fear to account, and behind the peace
war began Mr. Lever was When the head of a great frm of accountants in ing up Mesopotamia by means of a rail That power in the hands of Britain being ground And because speed Atmorien. His chief offices was in New roid first occurred to English engineers, operated in two ways It enabled the who is long age as 1875 had definite plans, Allies to consolidate their forces, on land rifal all risks must be takent The York, but he had branch offices in formulated. The French and the Russians create or digits to supply them witt emnity of America must be invited for of the largest cities in the United States possibilities that were foreshadowed material, and to build up a power that obvious reason that if England is to from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and don
in the country. This great business was Then the watchful Germans joined in nadust ultimately triumph. And as it in starved all ships, including American rolled the largest business of the kind btaining concessions for railroads in Asia greased the potentialities of the Allies:so ships that come into British waters must the product of his own extraordinary. it diminished the potentialities of Gerhe sunk. 1s familiar view that capacity for finance, his shrewdness and Minor, built the Line Finidas Pasha-many. Unless she could prevent, the work. Germany would rather leave the United, dear-rightedness, CARPEN
In 1898 the Kaiser visited the Sultan, was dominied. Unless the whale was It may be true But the operative fact
ing out of this invisible struggle of forces States among the belligerents than not BRILLIANT and within a year the line to Bagdad approved and the necessary, financial struck a mortal blow, the elephant would in that she must stop of ships coming assistance obtained. The dream Berlin perish. It would be killed by a larger to British ports. And since she is out for | Baghdad, was brought i
elephant OPERATIONS____ stage nearer fruition, and the scrds of the wat 1914-17 1 laid-for to carry the line of empire so far, however skilfully Germany might disguise her real aims by talk of the free dom of the seas, memt carrying it through obstacles formed by millions of bodies,
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CAREER","
Mr. Lever, although for years_ong" of the ablest business men in New York, is not an American. He was born in Liver an immediate result she is indifferent pool, und served his apprenticeship in what happens afterwards. If she wins. England. When he had ended his appren- And so from the Marue onwards, the an enemy more or less does not matter ishin he made up his mind to make his. nsitions became insensibly reversed The If she loses, it matters no more. Her way in the world, and he decided that the Allies, commanding the seas were build-argument is that America can make or best place to do it was Amerion. The ing up a land power that should ultimate victory sure nine months, twelve months firin with which he was comeeter had a y dominate the enemy Gerniany, master hence; but that she cannot make it sur branch in New York. Mr. Lever went on land why Recking for an instrument now, can do little more than she has there. That was in 1883.
"America had not taken to accountants. that would destroy our control of the seas, done, may, indeed, do less, for the augme
that The two operations have been proceeding plies ahe has sent us will now be subject at that time, and Mr. Lever saw
tire That the Germang have for long serious side by side; but they differed in this out to sinking like the rest,
cwas a great fell for the business. ly regarded Turkey as their inheritance is operation ng visible, the German opera
After time, he established his own firm, shown, not merely by the construction tin ng invisible.
ond his invaluable aid as an neconstant Everyone could
CAN AMERICA HELP T of the Baghdad railway across Asin Bihor, what was happening on the side of the
In a word, Germany is gambling not was welcomed by some of the most im but also by the plans for river regulation Allies, but we could only guess what was
on next year but on the next three or portant business concerns. Che might and the building of canals towards the happening on the side of the Germans four months. It is a desperate gamble expect thing during the thirty-three years Black Sea, projects which have been disYet the guess was not difficult to make, but the calculations behind it are cold he would for some reason or other, have cussed so diligently during the war and had we not been deafened by those id sane enouga Happily in the past, adopted American citizenship. He pre- in The Rhine-Dame strip cann! is who thought of the war only as a question we have seen many of these cold calcula-ferred to remain a subject of the land
schich he was born, declared to be an indispensable feature of of great armies we should have seen that tions shattered by events. They seem at,
Then the war cume Here was a rather Berlin-Baglalad domination, enabling, as it was as important to prepare against the the beginning to have a dreadful and
than middle-aged, prosperous New it will German waiships to enter the final blow that would be struck at us as implacable certainty about them, and
Work besiness Congress at Munich ins summer eleven should strike at the cuemy. We have done ↑ They are iron giants with feet of clay. great canals were proposed to facilitate the one, but hayo we done the other? We must not presume that that is 10 the commercial and military reiations of Even now, are we doing it? At this in this case. We must always believe the the different countries of Contra moment thirty thousand men are being new giant to be the real thing, and it Europe
withdrawn by Lord Derby from the starv would be insanity to underrate the present But in my opinion the actual plan fed lands of this country withdraw dat menace Germany might be expressed even cara time when, as Mr Lestlie Scot said in But there me, he factors that Germany fringe the watchword, Berlin the House of Con the roll. And may be able to do Tnstant service. She we need has left out 11. America conte, in the 200,000 more luhou rázs on
Black Sea At the Central Europe to prepare for the final blow that we then to fade into futility and failure.rying him to hal with business strings.
Cairo
the
че
us.
sub
of
ARE WE AWAKE
a dozen large cities. One would have imagined that he would have gone on with his own business and offered the British Empire his warmest sympathy. What Mr. Lever did was to untie the strings, make arrangements for his business to be carried on in his absence: and come back to England to do his bith
was
langer of concentrating attention on the come to the find clinch and each side is are told that 80 per cent of the peopleging too much for shells, of which
to cost.
Mr. Lover's ability was, of course, The Gorgang have not ner le concerned in yesterday's paper I saw the aunounces two great things, apart from her known hing those who are in touch with theasefice with the Baghandy Milway out of the sinking of 32,000 ton of slip hormous inventiveness and swift pro- the chief insincs, affairs of New York but have also pushed on the Aleppo ping, of which 25,000ton, was British ship duction. Shah feet roughly as his own firm has an offer in the City of Medina-Hodeida branes. This formos anong. That is presumably one day's powerful as that of France at the begin
the unlimited
the Gnvernment gladly accepted. essential part of their African policy, destruction under
"Multiply that figure, king of the wit, and she can put her serve and he volunteered s
hands on half a million tons of German them. The Munition Department and along with their acquisition of the marine warfare.
and 3 Mr. Lever-was appointed right of priority in the Belgian Congo by the days of the month remember that shipping which would be speedily avail being set ap.
twenty millions tong of shipping for themselves against France, is clean indication that Germany has waited to we assessed at the beginning of the war able. And if he South American Restancial adviser. He subsequently
per cent, is engaged in military
publics followed her lead. that balfa berame Assistant Financial Secretary. He took charge of the cost accounting coneolilute her possessions in Equatorial work, that we have lest much of the re-million would become a million tons,
department, which was formed in order to Afrien
mainderhow much it is not permitted
Advise the Minister of Munitions on the Had Germany won the war a central to that, owing to the withdrawal
But it is true, pevertheless, tint if cost of
cost of purchases and productions. Colonia Empire was to play the imagineers to the Army, and the demands, we are to parry this trist at our heart
MILLIONS SAVED role against the north and south of the Navy, we have been building fewer we must trust to ba material power out gigantic business was leaping into. Africa as Germany, by her own" qntral cargo hunts than we have Icst, that those position, has played against the east and 32.000 tons have like the rest gone downside our own strength. And it is that existence and Mr Leter invented and Test of Europe. From their East with valuable cargos, and we shall be in fact which brings us back to the question built up machinery to keep a chick ? on prices, His work was almost javaluable. African Colony, too, Germans would have positiut to mensure what is in front of of the measures we are taking to noter. Montagu, then Minister of Muni- from danger. I do not think anyone could tiens, declared in the House of Commons nd a direct over sen route to Persia-
VIE ON THE CLOCK
listen to the debate on Thursday without India, and beyond. LIE ON THE CLOCK.”“”
fast October that Mr. Lever's department Once Turker became a rassal of Ger- I do not set these things out to create disquiet. Tractors are coming from saved the country very many millions of many, and Austria-Hungary was !! coa. carm, but I do set them out to create con America in March and the men are going pounds. That is an achievement of quereth England was threatened in
a voluntary system of food economy an: Lever brought contract prices down t be proud. Mr. Price 75 cts. Pair. Chic, South Africa, and India, and the Cert and to concentrate attention on them the land how We have initiated which any ihan might
vulterable place in our armour. We have
Large firms, were found to be Berlin Baglulad railway is that the aiming at, the vital part. Hitherto Gerare ignoring Ships are being Jail. British nublic may neglect the fact thaany has been on the offensive on shore, down, but are they the right slipe! Is vast quantities were needed. Mr Lever the Kaiser when he looked to the East, we have been on the offensive ht sen. The it not true that we are building liners fold them what the shells bught cast fils eve as far as Egypt, the place are reversed, We pre striking our in places where we ought to be building They replied, Can't be done." He where the Pan-German advocates have blow on land, Germany is striking her cargo boats? And is it not labour for then invited them to show him their costs. persistently heki Britain world-power | blus at sea. She is hoping to hold our making the machinery of ships rather but they declined. They referred to is fatally vulnerable
amie, until she can get her blow home at than the aking of ships which is fucking bring down the price, cur food ships, and the purpose of the locaise the engineers are in the Army Today Mr. Leve shares the Treasury Egypt: Allies is to keep possession of the sea while We have scheme for rationing ready to helm with Mr. Bonny Law. It may be was competed the pina of Gorman the armies win the victory ashore put in operation, but have so far not doubted whether the Treasury officials are Contral African dominion was revealed It is important to remember that the dared to stop the criminal destruction of quite used yet to hearing a distinctly at the interview which the Ger- essence of the German calculation is time muh Chancellor on the eye of the Thine has always been her enemy, for land rain in the wing interest. against American accent in the sacer), Foo D Mr. Bracher has waged Whitehall, but no Financial Secretary of war. lud with the British Ambassador, power is in the position of the sprinter in when he was unable to give an under- grace and sea-pover is in the position of courageous and indoniitable a war in the the Treasury has ever mor speedily won standing that German territorial clains the long-distance runner. Germany has Spection The other side of that the regard of the Treasury people, Mr criminal vaste i seen in the revelations Lever is a very strong man, but he hax a pleasant way with him the way of L did at extend 14 the French African fought the war, as it were, with her eye of vice in London which can no longer be
men who, has tume în contact with the fact was mier, more thy clock. That colonies, dr.
The Berlin-Baghdad sobenie, aiming at imperious than now. We cannot say low cold. These things printed the world, and not ta ratlier cloister habit. lived his life in White- the Near East. ders not excluile ambitions ne is to collapse. She may be very ask whether we have et appreciated the of the in the Far East Germany has worked near; she may, on the other innd, be ahin gravity of the new war full.
WILL THE FLEET COME OUT! Mr. Lever lussenlisted as a volunteer- very haril in Persia, and her agents have to survive to the next harvest. But what
war He we de know absolutely is that she is grave- And there is anciler consideration for the duration of the been busy in the country lending to China impoverished, that she has long beeuwhid ought ant to be ignored. This like a nigger saves his country millions, and in Chiua itselt
suffering from a shortage at essential
sea in the last round turns our thoughts of pay. His view is that it is for hit to book in which the Gubi desert is recon diet, And that fact, operating over fell upon the Admiralty. In the compet-do his bit and that he can afford to ook has just been drawn to the things, that he is a nation on no existepes attempt of Germany to will the war at and smilingly declines to take a farthing
from which the whole Far East Indiang strength of the nation. It may not use the water the nation has full con- monded to Conny hs the key of Avia mmilis, is lowering the vitality and fight- en of die Navy to meet all emergencies for nothing... inclucked, can be controled, and the mean imminent collapse, but it means cer- advice is offered to England and Russia tau depreciation, the weakening of nerve fidence. The competence may soon be themselves to take possession of this and the failure of moral
put to its severest test, for in this gam
strategical area pot de
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NOW
THE PAN-GERMAN PLAN.)
That" with the conquest: ' -
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A TINAL QUESTION
works
bler's throw of Germany there is still We shall await that event with confid one ace to play, and should the sub-cnce in the fleet. I hope we may await But if Germany is to be isolated from BULLY PSYCHOLOGY the Near East and the Far East, surely And it must be remembered that the marine campaign fail or should it need it with equal confidence in the Ad- it is best to begin Austria-Hungary German spirit depends so much upon a support it will be played. For two years miralty, and that Lord Curton's more and Turkey, outlined in the Allies haughty pride of power that this and a half Germany has nursed her cheerful tone this week as to the sub- pence terms, for it is by use of the re- failure of moral is peculiarly feared Navy, but we know enough of her mind marine situation will speadily be justi- sources of these two Powers tha Ger- The psychology of the bully is always the to know it is ant tear that has made her Eed by results But on this subject many could alone hope to gratify her game. He presumes upon his confidence avoid a final challenge to our own floot.which involves everything that we cherisht lust, for world dominio in
in any future in his unassailable strength. When that she has avoided it be
is necessary to apply every test to our confidence is broken he is broken. Ho her cear policy to keep this last weapon equipment that is legitimate And I Unfortunately, a section of the British can fight winning battle, but not a in reserve. The mommt seems near when think it is still right to ask whether the Government are satisfied that the host publie refuses to recognise Austria-Hung losing battle. Now all sensible people she may throw it into the scales of war ary
the enemy of England and wastes will agree with Admiral Meux's atate Again it would be a gamble, but it capacity at the command of the nation time in speculating on such futile riddles ment in his speech in seconding the would be a gamble for the possession of is being used to its utmost in this us why the Kaiser left Vienna harriedly Address that all Germans are not bullies the world, risked when her other hopes supreme theatre of the war! If they are The fact is that unless the Austria and blackguards. It would be a ghastly were exhausted It would be clearly satisfied, then there is nothing more to Empire is dissolved and Turkey driven outlook for the future if they were worth the risk, for if her feet, was debe said. If they are not satisfied if from Europe, Germany will have won But they are under the domination of strayed she would not be appreciably looking over the record of the various the war, since the extent to which Aur system which is based upon the more vulnerable to attack, and it, by régimes at the Admiralty and contrasting tria-Hungary and Turkey are preserved philosophy of the bully, and a State so some great accident of fortune, the the achievements under (1) Churchill is the reasure of the assistance Germany based, will have the weaknesses as well British fret were destroyed she would Battenberg, (9) Churchill Fisher (3) can hope for in her next bid for world as the strength of the bully
have ended the war in her favour Ger- Balfourickson, and (4) the present they dominion:
It is the fear of the demoralising effect many has too much at stake and foo grim feel that there is an obvious lesson to be That is the correct way to understand of impoverishment that makes time so a spirit to forgo a chance that offered drawn which is not drawn and not aced the significance of the railroad of death urgent a factor in the German calcula such a possibility. She will take it on, then let them ask themselves wether Let the Germans tion The stroke at sea was long fore- and possibly take it soon, for in this in the circumstances of to-day there is Berlin-Baghdad. carry their sims so fa and the rest of sech and long prepared for The early calenlation the American Navy would be any consideration that can be allowed to
weigh with them other than the safety of the Pan-German plae is only a matter incidents of the war indicated the proper real factor, of time.
character of that struke. It could not,
this nation
(Continued at foot of next column