THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, MARCH 12TH, 1917.
THIRD SUBMARINE SEASON. THE FREEDOM OF THE THE GERMAN MENACE TO
MURDER AS BEFORE.
SEAS."
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
[BY JOHN LEYLAND.]
In the very remarkable address which President Wilson delivered to the United States Senate on the subject of
dom of the se89.
the world
NEUTRALS.
WARNING BY FIELD MARSHAL
VISCOUNT FRENCH
MORE SLAVE RAIDS IN
BELGIUM.
NOTABLES TAKEN AS HOSTAGES.
AN ACT OF REVENGE,
"endurance The danger zones not only thing of a radical sort would have to badd to their military strength by impresse mon resolved to fe They succeeded in
Lord French, speaking with charac teristic animation and directness, said are of far more importance and value Field fortification and spade work
than to follow
pas menace to neutrals than any of the New York in January, 1915, proclaimed today than any previous time in the authorities are taking drastic measures.
intended to carry a wider and more seri
earlier Notes; ⠀⠀
history
of war If the manualabour,
[DY ** THE TIMES NAVAL CORRESPONDENT.]
When the new German Note and Harr von Bethmann Hollweg's speech are
Are the Amall neutral countries ud jacent to Germany in danger of being
We learn from a trustworthy source nalysell, there is s very little in them that
overrun by the Teutonic arinies, and in boys The Times) that the fra fortnight their fara trented as Belgium is novoj from a naval point of view. The
of January was marked by very serious have been treated t
MERA CASAS events connected with the taking of young main difference between this blockade war delivered of some This was a question put and those which have been threatened astonishing views concerning the free Bell, London correspondent of the Chicago When they saw that the Germans were
shal Lord French by Mr Edward Price Campine near Antwerp. refore is that the fighting weapons to be paths of the sea must alike in law and tion in his office, overlooking the Horse unemployed but those who had never been I said that "The Daily Veur, in the course of a concera systematically deporting, not only the few omployed are more numerous, and pos- fact be froo; the freedom of the seas Guards Paraded paper out of work, farm labourers, cobblers, etc.y. sess greater powers both of offence and co-operation. He admitted that some flow much can the Central Empires such as landowners, clerks, and others, the
is the sine qua non of peace, equality and
He replied: I certainly think 20."
6." and even those who had private meats, O achieved before the seas could be made ing Belgians, Berblass, Poles, and Rou- the German soldiers. include the waters around Great Britain free and common in practically all vir maniens! How many scores of thousands eluding both the German cavalry and and Ireland, but extend to those of the cumstances for the use of mankind, but of Germans may be thrown into the fight infantry who guarded them, and they Alles and to the Eastern Mediterran-to him the motive for such changes 18ing frente, as a result of these impress reached the woods and mbors, which are ean Presumably they will reach to any convincing and compelling Dr. Wilsonments
tarter of the globe to which the U is evidently in agreement on this matter
very extensive in that part of the country, bosta can travel and maintain them-
Up till now, in spite of the chase with Herr Dernburg, Count Bernstoff, belves. From the manner in which the Horr von Bothman Hollwes, and the
organized by the Germans, they are still declaration has been made, it is clearly august master of these distinguished per
Furious at being thwarted, the German living in the wilds. sunlages, Herr Deraburg, speaking at with great. frankness, that the sens should thus entailed can be carried out by the soldiers suddenly descended
On Wednesday, January 10th, at 4 am, bo plied exclusively by the merchant pressing the populations of countries marings of all nations." Troops and war which have been subjugated by hostile. Zandlhoven and seized the burgomaster, a machines and materials must be rigidly: authorities have inaugurated a campaign these could freely be transported across frensely to the
This is the third time that the German excluded from traversing the seas, though more this, of course, would add m- local brewer, and a county ohaial. In of the fighting spite of his years he is over 70, the with the avowed purpose of blockading the land. In
burgemaster was dragged off to prison at the British Isles and starving us into Count Bernstorust of the same year
Malines SUBJUGATION OF STATES, N submission. In February, 1918, it was peace terms, included freedom of the the populations of subjugated countries in outlining certain There are many other ways in which officially announced that the waters as among them, and especially never can be used, and principally it is neces around Great Britain and Ireland, in again must England make the North Seary to consider and determine the mill cluding the whole of the English Channel, tributary water. It was in the same tary value of impressed men on lines of were proclaimed a war region, in which month that the Imperial Chancellor, when communication. This also, is of much any enemy merchant vessel found was the president of the United Prese of New liable to be destroyed without armag York had telegraphically asked the Kay increased importance in war to-day It
ser, then at Warsaw for a lead on actual assess this extra to the crew or praseng ra Neutral ships the then existing situation, repked on his any were to give Holland where there was not a man out of work, tiers of Germany this peace for which we the choice of joining her or being smiddle of the night, to give them a list master's behalf that far, across the fron- Denmark, Norway; and perhaps Sweden us all the workmen, had fled, German are striving will guarantee to all nationjugated, what would be the effect upon of the most important people of the dis patrol summoned the parish clerk, in the alities the freedom of the oceans," Germany's military position?
The subjugation of these other trict. He refused, and offered himself as States."
replied Lord French will in hostage. The officer commanding the crease German military power in pro- patrol thereupon seized the brewer and portion as her military strength has been the squire enhanced by impressing the populations of the smaller countries she already has overrun KAWAN
"Then are all thes little States about the might reize il she werf sie buys that All these hostages, a the
Germany in the nature of life
THE 1015 CAMPAIGN,
were also to incur danger within the war. region.
During the
same campaign the Lusitania, the Falaba, the Arabic, and many other passenger vessels, as well as relief ships bound for Belgium, woro sank without warning and without any attempt to ensure the safety of the help
less people on board them
A ruthlessness and complete disregard of the laws of humanity were shown in this campaign such as it will be difficult to exceed. In the first three months 15 neutral vessels were destroyed and six live, lost in them, as announced by the Admiralty on May 17th, 1915. Two months later it was officially announced that the number of nemons killed as the result of attacks by German submarines on neutral merchant vessels was 22. At this
THE GERMAN IDEA.
It is a fact familiar to students of his tory thas the freedom which Dr. Wilson and the Germans now claim has always been the desire of the States which have come into conflict with this supreme Sea Power. It has pleased them to describe us as the tyrants of the sea. After disaster to the Russian arms at Fried- land, when the Treaty of Alliance be tween Napoleon and Alexander was con cluded at Tilsit, on July 7th, 1807, it was provided that if England would not ac cept the mediation of Russia and agree that the flags of all the Powers should enjoy equal and perfect independence on
fronte!
is difficult to
in
"On
were imprisoned amongst there the At Kessel also, three leading citizens mayor, who is U9 years of age. At Berlack, a lawyer, a school teacher, and a councillor met the same fate At Pulle, all the members of the council were seized at 3 o'clock in the morning were seized
Begin At Halle, an agricultural locality,
Yes, I think so If there had not been an over WHAT THE ALLIES HAVE GIVEN TO HELGI whelming case for charity in Belgium what would the Allies have done inquired a
Strictly
A similar scene occurred at Heyst-op- den-Berg, where the lawyer and two not ables were seized. At Bouchaut they took the mayor and several notables --
time also 1,550 persons had been killed the sons, the Courts of Copenhagen, Stack Allies as regard Belgium terests of the so they declared that they held the
by attacks on British merchant ships.
Over 1,000 lives were lost when the
to
aged me, men of authority and moderate views, were baled
into the common prison. On what carried off to Malines, and brutally thrust from their beds in the middle of the night,
charge The German themselves were obliged to admit that there was none, and
holm, and Lishon should be called upon try had been occupied, leaving out of the repetition of the abominable when that counen as hostages in order that the run aways should give themselves up. This close their ports to the English, to reaccount all questions of humanity, would Tisitania was sunk on May 17th, 1915, call their ambassadors and to declare war have been to apply, the blockade to Hal system, illegal according to both inter
In April, the submarines began to ank upon us. It would be remarkable, if it gin in the same way as to the Central national and natural law, by which, dur-
were not for the fact that Englishmen Empires themselves
ing the invasion of Belgium, the Germans fishing trawlers in large numbers. To are sometimes apt to chastise themselves, tight to blockade friendly of seized civilians and held thera responsible illustrate their methods, the case of the that in this country there have been exalt neutral territory occupied by an enemy
for any attack hy enemy troops. Fanta may be recalled. This trawler fed persons who have lent it ear to plend was sunk by a torpedo, and when the ings of this kind Lord Groy himself is clearly recognised by The Hague Con- trawler Fern endeavoured to rescue hermitted that the freedom of the seas might what the military interests of a belli. vention, and this recognition indicates
the war in connection with other pro What are posals for limiting the scope of naval and The is to say, what has it cost the Allis military operations. This utterance to be b
rather than
Mary
Naturally the measure has had no effect, The workmen who have escaped deportation
3571ot returned and the notables are
prew she, too, was hired at and driven be a question to receive attention after gerent must be thesay military interests).
in prison. On the other hand, the the richest people in the guilty villages. Germans have billeted their soldiers on
And we know what this billeting means Furthermore, in the whole district, the thabitants are forbidden to go out of
tural and economia life is seriously hampered.
off, so that all hands in the Familly were lost. The Admiralty announced at the time that This killing of fisherfolk for no military purpose should not es aroused considerable protest and Am-Britain and Fraues have contributed
biguity puzay be remarked, is to doors after 9 p.m. By this means agricul
puzzled many
its am Belgium " of this character committed within a week.. Careful record is kept of these freedom of the stas, They never tell us
toristic of the claim of all advocates of not counting what has been spent for events.”
the relief of Northern France, something what meau. Tew of them are slike £22,000.000, at a very rough estimate,
they There was, therefore, in the blockade of bold as Herr Dernburg, who blindly de- This is h 1018 an exhibition of every kind of ruthclared that war should be excluded from foodstuffs freights, and so forth
hard cash, spent in purchases of lessness and contamp of the laws of the sphere of Germany's weakness, and The Allies have reduced the tonttige nations and humanity. That blockade be left uncontrolled in the region
mon of her at their disposal in order to supply the failed owing to the measures taken by the strength. Mr. Balfour in an interview
needs of Belgium. In one month of 1918 British Navy to cope with it, Mr. Brd
ships chartered by the Relief Commission four attributing the diminution of effors
made 34 voyages from Canadian, United on the part of the Germans to the fset
States, and Argonting ports to and the Allies have lost some 19
Rotterd
which swore, merely crimes in May, is
September were scen to by blunde re.” --
THE 1916 CAMPAIGN,
last May with Mr. Edward Marshall; the well known American journalist, was right in saying that behind law there must be power, and President Wilson him he put his hand to the new gigantic naval programme of the United States, and to esimates of £63,160,000, being the largest sum ever devoted to naval purposes by any nation at peace in a single year
self incknowledges this fact, for last year
Bust in the wools and moors, in spite obstinately at bay and will not give them of hanger and cold, the runaways remain selves up for fear of being obliged to work for the enemy.
the course of the relief work, ASAHI BEER.
Indirect coat to the Allies
even greater. In spite of all effortą, to protees Belgian supplies, and property the Germans have taken large amounts of livestock and foodstuffs from the country. Far more serious, however has by the Germans in Belgium. This aw the gigantic financial robbery sarried on" must amount at a su 5100,000.00
ough rough stimate,
heen the Gorman seizures of raw material More serious still, if possible., hevi
and machinery of every kind "
AMUSING STREET SCENE.
I was a witness the other dug of on
The pretext put forward for the cam- paign of 1015 had been that, in using her
We may now attempt to discover what mg power to blockade Germany, Great Britain was acting legally; and the ex mean. It cannot have anything to do freedom of the seas" can possibly cuse for the destruction of neutral ship with times of peace, in which the sea is ping, was an alleged misuse of neutral much trees than is the land. The growth flags by order of the British Government of German trade and sea-borne commerce When, in February, 1916, & now campaign was altogether unhindered before the war, was instituted, with the promise of and the Hamburg America and Nord fresh surprises, the pretext put forward deutscher Lloyd lines flourished amazing was that the British Admiralty were armly. Nor did any other country suffer jag rehantmen with guns to be used from any restriction at sea. Freedom of for attack, as well as defence, against the seas, therefore, can apply only ta submarines. In both cases the basis of time of war. Except for war we are all action was groundless..
in favour of it, frst, last, and all the would cply that at sea private indivi- pavement admiring a shop window when time. As a minimum, this freedom in street scene, skyala writer in the Daily Meter A lady was standing ou the duals would be unmolested in person or a horse just behind her tossed its head in property War would not be directed and brought its nosebag down on her against them. Blockade for military pur back. She turned with a face of Barlet poses might continue but commercial and blockade would be at an cade. In this and smote on the left ear an inoffensive war German and neutral merchant vessels her and the horse. For a second or tun youth who was geeking to pass between wou would carry German supplies into Ger- man ports or neutral ports for German the situation was somewhat strained, unt;} a gallant officer, also a witness, exploited and would carry use
German experts to neutral countries: There would be no remorces to both parties whe contraband except in articles exclusively will, the lady's scarlet transferring itself
parted with mutual protestations of goc useful for war purpose. There would to the youth's ear The horse went on be no blockade of Germany such as we are with his dinner. applying. A high and vital function of the Fleet would be done away with
The feature of the 1010 outburst was its wider range of activity. No special danger zone was mentioned The counter. measures adopted by the British Navy forced the boats to operats further afield, and victims began in the autumn of 1815 to be sunk in the Mediterranean-
Although, owing to the naval precau tions taken, they had had not the same amount of stores in home water ne in 1915, cases like the Susses, a cross-Chaz nol passenger steamer from which 100 lives were lost, and the Zent, which was sunk with her entire crew, although five minutes grace would have cashed them to escape, were typical. In the Mcditor- rauean the victims were more numerous,
"LORD LOREBDAN'S QUESTION.
and that there might have been more The principles stated above were indi casualties was shown by a list of in-cated by Lord Loreburn in his volume,
police force. President Wilson would seem to regard the exercise of tea power as in some sort immoral, because in time eunters, in which armed steamors got Capture at Sea (being a plea for its war it operates in restraint of trad the better of their submarine antagonists, abolition), 1013. He could not understand that its immorality is the deeper because and the Germans naturally would add which was issued by the Gertian Govern the difference between 1.000 bushels of ment. As an instance of the brutal wheat in a ship and 1,000 bushels in Germany's food supplies. This compel it enables Great Britain to interfere with methods employed, it may be said that barn, why one should be confiscated and from about a dozen small ships destroy the other paid for; why a naval officer 10 which we exercise is inherent in-sea ed in the first 17th days of April, 1816, 124 may seise any enemy merebant ship and power, as history and reason like merchant scamen lost their fires. whatever property
ts. How would the ang liberate the while the All these cold and glaring facts of the like procedure is understood to be into seas if they were victorious? mully
may he asked with what purpose was the outrages which mark the submarino war dicted on land. The answer to this quis. Tigh Sets Fleet built, and why is Prest
tioning is, of course, that sea warfare dent Wilson a4 every stage of its progree indicate the differs wholly and entirely from land war will make the United States the second
Supporting a
a policy which hypocrity of the Germans in making pro fare mises to America, That the ruthlessness
naval Power in the world The conclu
of so many of the U-boat commanders The right use of naval power ja asion is plain. We must uphold our mari. was not accidental is proved by the air matter for naval officers, though Lord time rights which we exercise only in war cumstances that no officer was ever punish Loreburn thought that in these matters to the fall. The Germans have nothing nor his action disclaimed, for attack they have no conclusive authority. But to complain of in our sea supremacy, ing a British or mentre, merchantman the real meaning of "' freedom of the Under ita mone they created the great without warning. On the contrary, it is even in the bare form of abolition fabric of their conic trade and internal believed that Commander Valentiner, i of capture, would be to diminish that monrosperity. It is only reace that an who, it is claimed in Germany, was the Power which is the breath of life to this bring back to ma the conditions that have officer responsible for the sinking of the convert the Navy into a sort of glorified with the abdication of a main function of country. It consequences world be to been lost. Peace cannot be brought back Lusitania, mas decorated for that act
Continued at foot of neat column) our sea power-Daily Chronicle.
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