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THE CONSTITUTIONAL POSITION LORD MILNER ON ESSENTIAL CHANGES
WHAT GERMANY WANTS.
DOMINATION OVER BELGIUM
SECRET MEMORANDUM.
itself, by enabling our Fleet to create for England that rink which was to be the
purpose of its construction. If the coast of Fladers had been in our powert before this war and
nd if its approaches had bean militarily developed
developed, England would
CORRESPONDENT FORMERLY to
never have dared to throw her armies over to France, and it would sovor have been possible to direct English trade without disturbance to the Thames, and by means.
in so complicated a procedure, many people will doubtless think that there is small chance of anything over being accomplished But that dopanda en- tirely upon the spirit in which tho dele- gates approach, their task and upon the amount of importance which the public behind them attaches to their arriving [**TIR TIMES
sa positive resultTKEND IN ASHELN.] A conference of members of the British The reason why past discussions of and Dominion Farliaments was held last the Imperial constitutional questions Just before Christmas the Kreue Zei of barriers and the use of comparatively summer in London under the auspices of trave, been so languid and barren is that ung pablished the text of a secret small forces to seal for our trade the was unanimously western exit of the North Sea. It was not the Empire Parliamentary Association, they have appeared to lack immediate memorandum which w The Conference discussed a number of practical interest, Closer Union of adopted by the Council of the German Beccasry for this purpose that we should Imperial problems the Constitutional the Empire, to use the current phrase Navy League at its annual meeting on win Havre, or even Calais or Boulogne; Position; Emigration after the war; has been regarded as an academic fad, or June 17th and transmitted to the Imperial what we as present hold on the coast was Chancellor and the Federal Council. It entirely sufficient for our purpose. More India and the Empire Trade and the at host as an interesting possibility of is the most remarkable and illuminating over if we had held what we now hold Empire after the war Naval and Mili the distant future. But the catastrophic document of the sort which has seen the on the const, we should have compelled tary Defence The discussion on these experiences of the past two years, which
should have giver our naval forces, which five problems was opened respectively by have altered all our values, bave given light since the appearance of the how the English Fleet to divide, and so we
famous secret memorandum of
the six Lord Milner, Earl Grey, Lord Islington, to this question also a new actuality economie leagues, which was communiwere weaker but operating on the inner Sir George Fester (Canadian Minister They have thrown a vivid flashlight upon cated to the imporial Chancellor on May line, the possibility of striking blows of Trade and Commerce), and Lord the tremendous dangers to which every 20th and summarized in The Times of which would soon have removed the Sydentam. The Conference was held sell governing community in the Empire, August 14th, 1916, The Arene Zeitung existing inequality private, but it was agreed that these five marching singly along ite peaceful path remarks that for well-known reasons the The fact that the military position of opening addresses should be printed, of self-development, is exposed. Set any publication of the memorandum has only Belgium, with its Banking position. pey are noss issued. To them are number of representative public men to now become poss which is signed by Grand Leighbour, will be of incetimable value towards France, that uneasy and vain The document, added certain specches made during the Ciscuss the establishment of a genuine, discussions on the Constitutional Pusi partnership of the self-governing States Admiral von Koester, as President of the for us need only be mentioned
Thus the military and political domina- tion and on Naval and Military Defence in the defensive policy of the Empiro Navy League, begins with general remarks
Lord Milner, apening tao ditoutsion on as an open question, and nothing may on the past services and responsibilities tion of Germany over Belgium is soon to the Constitutional Position, stated the come out of it but a pile of Blup-booke of the league, and pins Herr von Beth be a compelling necessity, arising from
But let them feel whatever the actual mann Hollweg down to the statement, in the geographical problem as follows: their clerence, that what the ong of his Reichstag speeches, that the relations of strength, and the political It is necessary, in order to achieve people they represent desire is not dis-meaning and object of this war ar fad to grouping of the Powers, just as clearly
a Germany so irmly constructed and ro what we all desire, to make deliberate, cussion but action, that the question tay strongly guarded that nobody age can, as, from Great Britain's destructive vilj changes in the present Constitution of have to answer is not Is this thing fall into the temptation to desire to add Germany. A return to the former the Empire, and if so, what kind of to be done but How it is to be done destroy us, and that everybody in the wide political situation of Belgium would be change is required ⠀⠀⠀⠀
and the outcome will be a more or lessrld must reconize our right to the equivalent to a defeat in this grievous
activeployment of our complete but perfectly definite scheme.
He expressed the opinion the change is required, adding that be could not THE PLACE OF INDIA. regard as conclusive the contention that
WHY ENGLAND CIBEED" WAY The second and third factors are stated
struggle....
situation, the military.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTWERP, The memorand
· memorandum then auces more con-
of baval strategy, Germany's geographical German export firms, and in England and position was as unfavourable as it could France by our Transatlantic lines, for be Her only naval base lay in the For the profits of which it was of the greatest East, and could be held, even against importance to call at Southampton and England were or Germany's
Japan alone, only so long as Russia and Cherbourg.
side. In a As regards both these points,
STOCKED IN BLACK AND TW men of the Dominions have begun cell her exceptional position should now be The main object of England the dest possible substitute, for English and
Трето is then, à reference to the "ides At a moment when India is being given of rink" which was supposed to explain the unity of the Empire in the face of the reality of representation the the German Navy Laws, and it is declared gratulates Herr von Bethmann-Hollwer on his speech about “real guarantees ? în war had shown that it would bewier coming War Conference of the Empire, that there were three main reasons why the West, and adds the following tlet well alone".
After two years of the most tre special interest also attaches to the this idea of risk" did not prove sufi
extremely interesting remarks address delivered by Lord Islington, cist to keep Great Britain out of the war
From an economic poms of view Bel endous war in history, inode we now Under-Secretary of State for the It is indeed, assorted that any one of have been aided by the unstinted efforts Colonies, in opening the discussion on the three factors by itself was sufficient gium, even before the war, was an almost of Allies incomparably stronger than the Infin and the Empire. His object was to make Great Britain risk the great indispensable link in the world-encircling Allies of Germany, the issue still hang especially to show the progress that game?" The first factor was the immense chain of German sea trade. Antwerp bad in the balance, and yet the British India has made, and to establish her military superiority which Great become for the Rhenish, Thuringian, and Empire, so I see it is potentially the claim to be giron a place in the councils Britain enjoyed, thanks to her skill Id South German industry an export harbour most powerful State in the world. Is of the Empire. He felt that he first had forming alliances, her success in welding the place of which could be taken by our resources, material and moral af pro- to dispose of an old and hardened mis together the Empire, and her winning North Bea ports only at the cost of con perly organized, are enormously greater conception
over of all the important non-Germansiderable sacrifices in time and freights, than those of Germany, But moither la
"Old Ideas die hard, and in como navies while the United States "shammed The expressed intention of our united war nor in diplomacy is it able to make quarters I have no doubt it is still neutrality It is calmly asserted that enemies to go on doing injury to Gers
many's
world trade even after this WET its weight felt as it ought to he. If thought this India is a backward and Rugland had been preparing for, the war will in many respects come to grief on the were, the war would have been over a undeveloped dependency with a vast po for 11 years,
iron laws which govern our trade and year ago. Indeed, in my opinion, der pulation relying for government on a
traffic. It must, however, be regarded a many would never have ventured to begin small band of Englishmen who control
that in future all possible the public services. This was not & cor as follows:
ative and fiscal-obstacles will be Lord Milner then dealt with the contect description of India 20 years ago On top of this military superiority placed in our way. This would be felt in tention that there is no real demand for still less is it so to day. It is quits true came the fact that, from the point of view
Belgium
especially by our old established change by the peoples of the Dominions that Intha doos not possess self-govern
If the pooples of the Dominions atoment in the accepted sense, as recognized contented with their present status, why by the self governing Dominions; but she should we in the United Kingdom make does claim, by reason of her size, geo- a fuss about it. My answer is that they graphical position, volume of trade, in are not contented. Very gradually, very tellectual and political development, temperately, but with mareasing fte military value, and, last but not Tenat, war against these three Powers. it was Antwerp politically and also economically quency and insistence, the leading states by her proved loyalty to the Crown, that hound to fall in a very short time, and dependent upon Germany is the only
ar had no bake at so the cruiser war
French passengers,
who like the rapid and ing attention to the anomalies of the recognized, and that she should be adtion of German sea trade од
on the worldren
convenient passage on faat German
ships, position, and warning us that things mitted as an articulate member to distes-could thus easily be attained. The will not be dissuaded from using the shipp CALF AND GLACE KID, HIGH cunt go on indefinitely as they reussious affecting the Empire as a whole. strategical position in our home waters which run to the Scheldt From England The conclusion he believed to be ine This giain, I venture to urge, merits the way simpst as unfavourable. It was true they will travel of Flushing, and from vitable
sympathetic consideration of all who are that Great Britain had for an enormous France they will travel direct; and If we desire, as we all desire, that the concerned with the wider aspects of priceded to Germany the watchman of perhaps Flushing will be destined to plas Empire shall endure as one State, and Imperial development.”
the the German river-mouths, Heligoland. for Antwerp a similar part to that which shall constitute, as it alone can, the
But England was still able to block the Cuxhaven in the service of the Hamburg- great bulwark of freedom and progress
two exits from the North Ben in the west Amerika Line plays for Hamburg, throughout the world, then we must see Sir George Foster, the only Dominion and in the north, to wripple German AFRICAN COLONIES AND NAVAL BABES. to it that the Empire hua at its head au representative at the Conference who was shipping in those waters, and, by doing
The section on "Colonial Policy". authority which can deal for it with the invited to open a dicussion, was peculiar violence to the neutrals on oar frontiers, rest of the world as the representative ly fitted by his position ne Canadian to stop even indirect imports to the short, but interesting. It says:- of all its self-governing peoples. Such Minister of Trade and Commerce ta
Reasons of colonial policy also make is German Empire; while British trade, so Government cannot grow of itself out initiate that on Trade and the Empire long as the submarine war was not yet imperative that Belgium and the coast of of the ground. It can only be the result after the War. He was particularly developed, could be carried on in perfect Flanders should be left in the power of of a great and deliberate effort of con- severe on those who express the belief security along England's well protected Germany. It is not our business here to by adaya kelapa de prove the absolute necessity of German stitutional reconstruction,
that after the war Great Britain and the costs
But when Great
upon Foolonial activity which can The essential changes, stated in the lies will resume normal trade relations
well very harest outline, are, in Lord Milner's with Germany deck war the determining thought may
But the fact is of the greatest new Imperial Cabinet, and the determent, to my mind, has been the absoluto Germany would never be able seriously importance that only a Germany which is not only capable of attacking the British Isles mination of the extent of its authority lack of honour or of honourable feeling to threaten the British Isles, Secondly, to make the Imperial Minis- When a man can come into your house because of Germany's numerical themselves can in future prevent Great try answerable to a Parliamen, which rehold, partake of your hospitality, sleep inferiority, but because the German Britain from again doing violence to
Navy
in order to get at the English coasts German property and life overseas, and presents all the democracies of the in your bede, eat at your tables, ride Empire," and which to elected for the your horses, and while he is doing that and mercantile murine must go far from for the recovery of the German colonisa
ότι British and French coasts exclusive purpose of looking after their plot for your destruction and the de-area where threes, find advice into the the defeat of England is indispensable. common intereats Thirdly, the financial struction of your Empire, it indicates an
bristling were provision to be made for the needs of awful and hopeless moral development. no bate for operations on a large heale, useless, that England hopes to be
with defences, where it had argues that p
after the Imperial Government. It is the German state of mind and where it could create no suck base so this war undisputed master of the worl How are such changes even if their We do not want men of that kind in leug as a superiot English Fleet was still for a century, as after Trafalgar," and advisability is admitted to be brought Canada. You do not want them in in existence. The truth of this is con- in fact, that nothing is any good but a which floats the German into being 7
ARTA W Australia. We do not want them any clusively proved by the behaviour of the
section on German Ser. The procedure, I take it, would be where. Then there are the German British Fleet during the war something like this. There would have financiers with English and French names. BELGIUM AND GERMAN AMBITION POWER" repudiates the idea that "Berlin- 1 can be any, substitute for to be an assembly of delegates from the They will as active as hornets when various self-governing commities, the war is over. They must be rooted
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NO TRADE WITH GERMANY,
opinion, threo. First, the creation of a The worst aspect of Gorman develop.have been that, in the very worst event themed better and more ex rebat
by
of
paper agreements are
the principles of constitutional recon- We cannot afford in the earlier years of struction. If a majority of that ussen reconstruction to bave these peoples in bly ultimately arrived at an agreement, our midst controlling and monopoliang
our businesses Times,
we would in the first instance discuss Gut and wen kept out of our country business, and deals with German n future on the water, if and
embodied in a series of resolutions, these would have to be handed over to expert draftsmen to prepare the measure or measures necessary to carry them into effect. These measures would then be submitted in draft to the delegates, and only if they survived that ordeal would time have come to the result
THE WISDOM OF MRS.
SOLOMON,”
Waste substance upon style.
before the several Parliaments, any ons For & man moweth, not las voor, felt
of which might think it necessary to
With all the bitches which could arise
The memorandum then comes down to
four eloquent sentences — alms, under the five headings of The
If, however, our future lies upon the Coast of Flanders Colonial Policy,
water, the necessity
for a Pereedom of the Seas," German Naval fear-inspiring Fleet, capable of protecting
and
of the trade and our colonies. The Prontiers of the Empire. The section reneous why our Fleet has not been allo dealing with Belgium is the longest and to do this have already been indicuted in meat instructive. After a brief reference part; our Fleet abroad lacked altogether to the historical importance of Antwerp, the bases in which our enemies were so and to the fiction that England intendedech, and so it had no possible certainty to invade Germany. by way of 1
keeping up the supply of munitious,
the memorandum says:Nnd food. This is not the place to
At the beginning of
this respect. It seems, hauTERLY
was practically on the war England discuss what must be done ja which thought that it could satisfy its emerge from the experiences of the wa over from this year's fad, but I knoweth
when he sooth hereth duties as an ally with to auxiliary army that of all our colonies the West Africas
"of
Verily,
have a popular plebiscite on the subject at Visioid the merrie bachelor, the watu army of millions based wow they would also be the easiest to
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130,000 men, England will return from and the East African are the most import- is like unto an eleven course Power with
both land Power and a sealant, and that, from a military point of For on Monday: I may talk ort life funto a high-browed darasel; and on upon compulsory service and in her defend "The effective protection of these
Tuesday I may talk love unto a widow; hard for Germany. The restoration of
hands Belgium would constitute a grievous colonies and of German world trade vill
and on Wednesday I may talk nonsense the former situation of Belgium require cruiser fleet able to rely on few
unto a fully thing But a married man
but stroug Jand bases, and on floating must talk domestic economy unto this with absolute certainty lead to Belgium's bases in the shape of supply ships, the samo woman every night, which is like becoming openly what before the wate
was to be as the result of the secres and speed and Sonneutral treaties with England and
table d'hite monotony,
Hear now
to those of the cruisers them
seaworthiness of which rush
the section on (The Security applauds
How the Prayer of a Damsel of hostile to us, will be only too ready to of the Frontiers of the Empire" France; and the Belgian people, which Babylon, Augels and Ministers of Grace, end a helping hand. And in the event the Chancellor's repudiation of a status
Oh hear me 1 Bestow upon
dove
abat. The figure of a cloak
me, I pray
wisdom of Solomon. The ways
kitten. The conscience of eelf-control of a tin
Cat
Our
thee: The amile of a seraph. The voice of another world war a Belgium thus quo ante azi saye that the details are
The silence of the sphinx, prepared would presumably fores Hol not within the province of the The eyes of an houri. The blindness of and also to make common cause with
League, but adds that it assumes that enemies
where It will be
that the Navy. I
also to antex neighbouring writing Was
thus about the vast import jalands. The memorandum concludes as
in June, follows ERVARINS when the Germani Presa-
Corman Navy League considers the conscription would be a failure and also achievement of the war aims set up by that it pays a handsome tribute to the your Excellency as possible only if our strong feeling of the Belgian people chief enemy, the author of the world war which the German administration was and the driving power of our enemies, in supposed to have subdued.
so reduced that he can no longer continue the struggle. After what has happened The memorandum proceeds:
the Navy THE KEY TO GERMANY'S FUTURE."
League considers that it is Here, then, lies the key to Germany's impossible to arrive at any other agres future for nothing but a Belgium under ment with Great Britam than,
agree Germany's political and military influencement which consists in fear
of your could provide the possibility of effectively strength. Only upon Germany's strength threatening the British Island Empire par Germany's security in future reat
Cars Teague be carefy annexes coasts she will
Pliability of Bola-cushon The ance of conscription nets that The German"
ciousness of an automobile. The sensi tiveness of a anet pudding. The sweet- ness of a cream-pu The ambition of a potato,
The meekness
door-mat The opinions of an echo The fascina fions of a chorus-girl. The patience of Griselda. The mystery of the Catacombs The faith of a poodle. And the endurance of Atlas. These things I ask in order that I may be all things unto one man! -The Sayings of 3rk, Solomon, t Helen Rowland,