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11.30 am. The West Point Buildings Co., Ltd., Meeting of Bhareholders at the Offices of Messrs. Jardino, Matheson & Co., Ltd. 20
THE SOUL OF ALSACE.
AN OLD STORY AND ITS MODERN PARALLEL.
CAPTIVE AND FREE.
AN ARMY OF CRUSADERS.
[UY THE TIMES" SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT WITH THE FRENCH ARMY.]
to
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ATHENIAN AND GERMAN INSOLENCE.
There is a striking parallel between an old. Greek story as told by Thucydides
FASHIONING - THE
ENGLAND.
NEW
BY LORD NORTHCLIFFE, } The following article appeared on December 10th in nearly one thousand American, Australasian, Canadian, South African, French, Italian, and ather journals,
and modern instance, which it is really interesting to notice in these By way of a ballon d'esiai, repeated troublous times. It is the parallel bo-
a French officer particularly well tween the story of Melos, 416 years B.C.during this last week. We are fashion We have been making history in London and the story of Belgium to day. It is placed for feeling the national pulse s etatement which had been made to me that startling to mark how close is the corres- ing a new England, an England that is
pondence between the language of the re-well worth watching.. only 20 per cent of the Alsatians are
The silver lining to the cloud of war French at heart,
People who say that," presentatives of Athens and those of he answered, "know nothing whatever modern Germany, and to find, after the is the fact that more social reforms have about the present state of feeling in lapse of 23 centuries, how history can been accomplished in Great Britain in the two years and a half of struggle than Alscree
repeat itself. There are, of course, in my district the whole of the reconquered
A well-known scholar has recently call-in the previous hundred years of peace The burden of taxation has been territory a certain number of Germano-ed attention to this striking parallel. phils and even of pure Germans. But by But the passages from Thucydides pro- increased on the shoulders best able to sented it in so starling a form that they bear it the very rich. Our railwog far the greater proportion of the 'po-
worth explicit quotation
The have
under Government con- pulation are with us heart and soul, and are
The sale of alcohol is becoming, hail us as their deliverers from the reign Athenian demand, and the Melian reply trol.
are set forth after the vivid manner of more and more regulated. The youth of of barbarism.'
Thucydides, in the form of a dialogue. the nation is being trained in healthy Labour is taking its military exercise with effects observable by every one." proper place in Government councils. Workers are being better remunerated. I could name a dozen other reforms, but chiefest of all is the linking up of our * United far-flung sister States into Empire.
TESTIMONY OF THE CHILDREN.
The inhabitants of the island of Melos woro Spartan colonista, who nevertheless hold a strictly neutral position in the contest, then raging between Sparta and Athens the well-known Peloponnesian war-but the exigencies of the war were pressing, and Athens sent an Embassy, backed up by a powerful fleet, demand
come
comfort to the enemy and the rest of the hide the truth tactics common to politi- cians in war-time when endeavouring to cover up their blanders.
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Sir Edward Carson left the Govern- ment last year, and if Mr. Lloyd George had gone with him then the war would have been greatly advanced.
He prevailed upon to remain, but eventually, at the end of last week, he found the his colleagues in the free of repeated state of torpidity and self-satisfaction of
and patriotism, Of those colleagues, set-backs impossible to a man of his vision writing as I am an article which will appear in foreign newspapers, I prefer only to say that they were men who would not believe that the war was coming, and, when it did come, had no idea of its tremendous portent for our race. In my own newspapers at home I have spoken much more plainly-so plainly, indeed, as to find myself from time to time tho best abused man in the country.
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When, last week, Mr. Lloyd George which he was entangled, he took his decided to smash the party machine in courage in both hands. I do not believe that he had any personal ambition in the matter. Events have made him Prime Minister position almost as powerful as that of your President; but it was his desire that the distinction should be con-
пот
Co., Ltd.. Mesting of Shareholders at the of age, cach presided over by a sweet-ference to "the cogent and unanswerable of Mr. Lloyd George, of whom during 1 Mr. Bonar Law-rather than a Welsh-
Ltd.
APIOLINE
(CHAPOTEAUT)
Melians
1 am asked by insistent cables from ferred on another, and, indeed, for some various parts of the world to explain in hours it looked as though our simple phrases the character and position Prime Minister would be a Scotsman this crisis I have been a friendly sup, man,
Mr. Lloyd George went out into the porter and also a critic. I am especially asked to do so by American newspaperswilderness alone, so far as his own party concerned. He had with him a and, while dictating this cable for the was United Press, with its 800 journals, I supporter (Mr. Bonar Law) previously am also communicating it to the United opposed to him in practically every phase Cable Service of Australasia, and to the of politics, and an outside helper in Bir fatin, of Paris, and its Italian con Edward Carson, whose Irish policy is nections.
diametrically opposite to that of Mr. Lloyd George. Those three men, with Lord Derby, have produced a miracle of which all the world is talking. have, in a few days, formed a Govern- ment, marred it is true by the inclusion of some notable former failures, but en- richer by the brains of Lasiness men, Labour men, and new politicians.
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Of the truth of that statement I saw 11.15 a.The Hongkong Central Estate everywhere unmistakable signs. When Ltd.. Meeting of Shareholders at the Offices the little gamine by the wayside, El of Messrs. Jardina, Matheson & Co., Ltd. wearing bonnets le police or Chasseurs
berets, cry Vive la France their cry is Noon-The Hongkong Land Investment andert de suur. In one of the schools the Agency Co., Ltd. Meeting of Shareholders alder part of which has been horribly at the Offices of Messrs. Jardins, Matheson mutilated by German shells. I visiteding that Molos should submit to the rule & Co., Ltd.
three separate classes of children; mostly of the Republic. 12.15 p. The Hongkong Land Reclamation little girls of from four to nine years
The Athenians begin by a baughty re Offices of Messrs, Jardine, Matheson & Co. faced religieuse in black robe and show arguments," in which they might state white coif. Some months ago their only their case, and they demand of the language was the Alsatian patois Now
outegorical reply. The Meliaus they all speak French, and sing. Freach protest against the Athenian attitude, songa, and the older ones are learned in *We Bke that our case is already prejudg French history (and the story of previoused and that there is before us the cruel German invasions). They take to it all alternative if we prevail in argument like ducks to water-after they have been there will be war, but if we allow nur- cooped in a wire-fenced chicken-ran, selves to be persuaded it will mean
And it is the same with their elders, slavery.” Here and there you come across a scowl- ing face, the owner of which obviously abhors the sight of khaki even more than tricolour blue. But these cases are few and for between, and all along the valloys of the Thur and the. Doller there is no question about it that the German is detested, and the Frenchman beloved. There is no mistaking the depth and sin. cerity of this feeling. The people of Alsace are a people who have awakened from a bad dream. They are revelling in the sweets of liberty, and are only looking forward to the day when all their kith and kin wits share them with, them. So are the clergy--the old faithful, courteous curds who have pined for this
"Nay" reply the islanders. "Even day since 1871, not the young Strassburg- trained priestling, whose German-fed if you subordinate the question of justice superiority and conceit they mourn and to that of profit, it is not profitable to
paganda of the German Government." One of them I met in his destroy what is everywhere regarded as despise, church in the Doller Valley, where he for what is reasonable and jast (or even a common good, so that when men plead
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The Athenian reply is, in effect:- Let there be no beating about the bush; you see the obvious situation. It is the ques tion of the safety or destruction of your city. Confine yourself to that.".
The Melians return a soft answer, but admit that the issue is one of self-presers vation, and concur in keeping to that point.
To which the Athenians, press- ing this concession, reply that there must be no discussion in fair words" of what is irrelevant. Let us both speak our minds. We both know quite well that justice in human speech always de pends on the question of necessity, that they who are the stronger will grasp all they can get, and the weaker must go to the wall.
As a personality David Lloyd George is, for many reasons, interesting and important to the United States. He is one of the few British statesmen who understand that very difficult intangible problem of psychology the American temperament,
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They
He is important to Americans for
The greater part of the work has been another reason. He is now at the head of the five British nations engaged at the done by Mr. Lloyd George himself. He war-Britain, Canada, Australia, Now is constantly referred to here as "the Zenland, and Bouth Africa, together with little Welshman," but he is not at all India. The winning of the war now little. You probably have his portrait primarily devolves upon these nations. before you as you read these lines. The If they and their Allies are beaten, it will head is not that of a little man, mentally he America's turn net, for Germany's or physically. It is the head of a man plans in South Anterien and Germany's with a sparkle of genius, combined with hatred of the United States should be Celtic energy and intense industry. For known to all of you, and are known to the greater part of this week he has been every American who takes the trouble at the War Office, of which he was the to read the anti-American hate pro-head, till 3 in the morning, returning to hie difficult task of making a composite
had arranged for our entertainment with same abatement of what is strictly wonderful organs in the world. But it was different from any other organolent reply: We are here for the ad- To which the Athenians give the in recital that I have ever heard. Except vantage of our own dominion, and to con- for a blaze of light round the altar and fer with you whether you consent to the faint glow high up in the organ-loft saving of your city or its destruction." above the grest west door the church But why not let us remain neutral, was in complete darkness. And out of and be your friends?" reply the Melians,
And so the dialogue runs on. the darkness spoke or so it seemed to
"We me-the soul of Alsace and the soul of have at hand all the power to subdue Françe, first in a triumphal processional you, we have subdued peoples stronger march, the song of the captives delivered than you. Moreover, it is our own out of captivity; then in the hymn of safety in the ultimate issue that is at Gounod's Ave Maria-the voice of a stake," say the Athenians. auffering woman, erying to the Virgin Mother for help and comfort; then, on lower stop, the voice of a man, the crusader-soldier of France still with that note of prayer, and then, most wonderful of all, the singing of wordless song of faith and triumph by a whole choir of marvellous voices, bass and tenor and alto and treble-so faithful inita imita tion of the human voice that you could have sworn that a real flesh and blood choir was concealed somewhere behind the screen of the organ-gallery-and-yet more unearthly and spiritual than any singing, that over was.
snort recital on what is one of the muri i so) it ought to be to their advantage has been very inuch like the life of many
re
To which the Meliang make the spirited reply:"In us, who are still freemen, would it not be the greatest baseness and cowardice not to endure anything rather than he enslaved i
But in this case there is no question of honour. You will only be yielding to those who far overmatch you," is the Athenian reply.
David Lloyd George is interesting to national Government six hours later. I your hundred millions because his life do not often see him. I do not supposa that I have seen him a dozen times alto- of you. He began humbly, with no other gether during our acquaintance, but I assets in life than a good father and saw him just before he made his decision, mother. He had the same kind of edges and he appeared a tired man, looking tion that the American boy gets. There much older than his 53 years are millions of American honics like the little home in Wales where he spent his early childhood.
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Within
few hour of his telling Mr. Asquith that he could be no longer unconditional- ly of his company, Mr. Lloyd George looked 10 years younger,
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His father ws a teacher at a school in Liverpool managed by a committee of Unitarians, which included no less a I have seen him at two other crises of figure than Dr. Henry Martineau His the war. The first, when he got the mother was the daughter of a Baptist shells that the Government and the Army minister in the Welsh village of Llany-hal. forgotten to provide; the second stumdwy. I have a picture in front of when he nearly, oh, so nearly, accom me of this lady a typical last-century plished the unification of Ireland figure with lace cap and fichu, and the each of these occasions, as during thia
week, the man revealed himself as inevitable cameo brooch,
human dynumo. Every erg of energy i I do not know Mr. Lloyd George in focussed on the inmediate task in hand, private life. I am not in agreement with He combines the persuasiveness of the him in many public affairs. We have Irishman with the concentration of the been' antagonistic in many political American and tite thoroughness of the matters for 20 years. He adopted a line Englishman. His crities say that he tires in the Boer War which was, from my too quickly of his task. That I do not point of view, detestable, and which believe. He gives every ounce of atten tion to the achievement of the particular incurred the hatred and even the con- tempt of millions of big fellow-subjects.object in band, and then passes on to But however wrong it was a brave atti- the next important effort. Some of his tude, for it demanded more courage to habits of concentration are a little try- be on the side of the minority who ing to his co-workers. When involved in a scheme he is a very bad keeper of up- pointments and an impossible correspon majority who supported it,
dent. The letters that he writes are just the absolutely essential communications Since then Mr. Lloyd George has led
of the moment. He seems to have no all sorts of movements at variance with
settled hours of meals at those times. As the tenets of the political party to which far as I can gather, during the past week But the I belong. Sometimes he has been right, his seemed to consist principally of
been wrong, and proved wrong. and proved right. Sometimes he has eigars and tea, but I believe that he takes But breakfast and usually adds to the meal 'in all that he has undertaken he the winning over of one or other difficult has evinced the same courage that ho. but necessary human unit in the proposi has shown throughout this, one of the most momentous weeks in the history of the British peoples.
The Melians, then, with a reverent feel ing which introduced a new element into the discussion, acknowledge how hard and unequal is resistance to the power and fortune of their foes, but trust, nevertheless, that fortune will not fail them, and that, standing as innocent men in resistance to injustice, the opposed the war than to shout with the will be on their aide.
THE ANTITHESIS OF KULTUR It is easy to say that all this is not war, that it is, if you like, fanciful and Do not trouble yourself on that is the reply. The geds are like sentimental. But it is, for all that, the score spirit of Alsace and of France; it is the the rest of us. By a clear necessity of antithesis of Kultur, Behind and under. nature, where the strength is, there will lying all the magnificence and horror the Lacedaemonians for help.
the dominion be." "You are trusting to and matter-of-fact workaday industry of Lacedaemonians, above all men, regard the war in these parts there is in the pleasant things as noble, and profitable whole attitude of serious-minded French things as just... Those who are en- soldiers and nearly all soldiers
gaged in wars find their security not in neccssarily serious minded to-day-to-
the goodwill of their allies, but in their wards the relations between France and superiority in power" Alsace an extraordinary spirit of roligi. ous devotion. To a young captain with whom I spoke he had been decorated for his bravery and the loss of na arm with the Crois de Guerre and the Cross of the Legion of Honour, and he was the first and only Frenob-soldier-mayor of the reconquered territory-the rebccupa tion of the whole of Alsace was much less ja question of military triumph than of a religious crusade. So it was toá famous African general and his Chief of Staff, with whoin I wont later in the evening to sing-song of Chanteurs Alpine, all grimy with the wear and tear of the trenches. And so it is, they both told me and I believe, with the and among, the spurs of the Vosges,
The Melians reply: We shall not consent off-hand to surrender the liberty we have enjoyed for the last seven hun- dred years. To the fortune of the gods who have preserved it we entrust our cause. We shall ourselves do our best to maintain it."
So ended the conference. The sequel is told in words of the historian which sustain the modern parallel to the end and make our hearts stand still with horror, Ma
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| great mass of the armies on the crests and the revolting massacre must there yet in this country, though it has be do his picking and choosing with light-
tion with which be is dealing. He has the usual gift of genius of getting other people to do things for him, and often getting the right people-but not always The fear of helping German pro pagenda in the United States has pre-
Making a Government is, I suppose, vented English writers in foreign journals from saying how dissatisfied the the same all the world over. Making a real War Government, such as we are British people have been with the politi-making is not quite as easy a task sa cians who have mismanaged our share of handing out places to hungry politicians the war since August, 1014. For a long in peace time. Mr. Lloyd George has time the facts were hidden from the tried to the best of his ability to gather people in these islands by a cunning around him representatives of all that Distance and After a stubborn resistance against im-Censorship; by the minimizing of defeats is best in British life. possible odds, the Melians surrendered. and by downright lying as to impending circumstance alene have prevented the in- The vengeance of the insolent invaders victories, such as the boast that we were vitations to men like Lord Shanghaessy, was ruthless, and its eruelty seems pre on the immediate eve of a great victory of Montreal, and Mr. Hughes, the Prime meditated. There was no time for refer in the Dardanelles. The true history of Minister of Australia. He has had to ence to the judgment of the parent State,
that disastrous gamble is not known even
ning rapidits, because in war the value Even of time is quintuplod. The Government published in the United States. now many of our people do not realize he has got together will last, but it needs the story of this colossal blunder, with pruning. It contains too many of what its two hundred thousand casualties: its are known in the United States as *f hae- sacrifice of the splendid youth of Great beens," and is cumbered by too many Britain, Australia, and France.
fossils representative of a past age. No one knows exactly how they got there, but I think I know the reason. This quick, determined, energetic Welshmen is just a little too kind-hearted, Neverthe- less, he has formed a Government which
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The story points its own terrible moral best by being simply retold. The tory demand of the invader; the soft answer of the Meliana; their insistence on the bad policy, on the part of Athens, of flying in the face of all that men have
In August, 1914, Mr. Lloyd George was held as common justice and good neigh- a member of our Government which, after bourhood; the cynical repudiation of all some days' haggling, realized that if we such considerations on the part of the
were to remain a nation at all we must representatives of Athens-how close attempt to save the life of little Belgium, Empire, and especially to our soldiers is the cause of rejoicing throughout the the parallel here to what we have wit which we were under contract to protect. facing their third winter in the trenches. nessed in German insolenco and cruelty in the case of Belgium!
Since that time, with the exception of His political opponents, who at the be-
It has been more than once pointed Sir Edward Carson, who left the Govern- ginning of the week thought that he would out by later writers-and there are in- ment because of its shuffling and indeci- not be able to make a Government, now dications even in contemporary history-sion. Mr. Lloyd George has been the only affect to believe that his Government will that the fearful defeat suffered three member who has had the courage to not last 1 hold different opinions. years later by Athens in her disastrous exhibit discontent with our feeble and I believe that he will be at the head of Now and the Government that wins the war: that Sicilian expedition was regarded as a vacillating conduct of the war. retributive judgment of Heaven. The then in Parliament and on the public brings about a settlement of the Irish insolent cruelty inflicted on Melos beplatform, he attempted to tell the people question and maintains that essential fag- comes almost securately by the priva a little of the truth. But on these occafor-good will between the people of the tions, the slaughter, the cruelties endured sions he was always howled down by English-speaking nations of the British by the Athenians at the close of their members of his party and their news Empire and the people of the United Sicilian invasion of Syracuse,
papers as being unpatriotic; as giving Staten.