GERMAN FIENDISHNESS.
DELIBERATE DISSEMINATION OF
DISEASE.
THE AIR WAR.
THE HONGKONG, DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 19TH.
RENEWED ENEMY ACTIVITY, [BYTES TIMES SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.]
The Paris correspondent of the Now
BRITISH HEADQUARTERS, Nov, 11th. York Times cables a summary of some
The German airmen have grown bolder. remarkable documents, beaded "Indis-
than for a long time past. Evidently they putable Proof of Germany's Latest have largely increased the number of Crime." The publication of the docu- their machines upon this front, and, ments has been nerritted by the Frente stang, doubtless, by the contempt into Government, which has accepted a variety of documents and prefaced them with which their flying service had fallen even the statement: "This new German crime in the eyes of their own troops, they are differs from the Lusitania outrage, and making a more serious attempt to dispute all other crimes. It was dictated by the the mastery with us than they made this criminal idea that if Germany falls abe summer. will dang the whole world down with her. Germany is deliberately infecting ber prisoners with tuberculosis and then cast ing them back upon their own or neutral nations to breed contagion or to die. Already 60,000 Frenchmen have been
1
struggle desperately to regain some mea- That the Germans will continue to sure of the air supremacy and of the self-respect which they have lost, we must prosume. very bitter fighting; if not often battles The winter will probably see inculated, in addition to thousands of
on so grand a scale as that on November other nations. Tuberculosis manufacture 9th. But all air fighting is much loser is carried on in campa which are secretly and more savage than it has ever been guarded, and whose existence has been before. The importance of air mastery hardly suspected by any American in- has been more clearly demonstrated and vestigation. In one of the secret camps the individual fighting skill immensely Dr. Herman, after mixing tubercular increased. With the greater speed of patients with convalescents from other machines and greater cleverness in land diseases, in order to spread consumption, ling. the old leisurely combats are ne said, Thus 1
wage war in my own more, when two machines might fly side fashion."
and empty successive drums of ammuni- Thirteen hundred French and 1,000tion each at the other. It is now a head- British consumptives were dumped into long plunge and a single shot; a dip and Switzerland, their disease being so far a swerve and another shot; a loop and advanced that they were no longer useful glimpse, and a single that again, a duel as prisoners. The French Government is swifter, mare breathless and more reck treating the patients in a special hospital less than any fighting ever was on earth at Lyons Swiss doctors discovered the secret camps, the majority of which were in salt, coal, or iron mines, or in drain- age and reclamation areas."
HIDEOUS DISCLOSURES,
A notable Danish authority, Madame
The wholesale manufacture of consump-
or sca
GERMAN IMITATION,
In their new effort the Germans are copying our tactics exactly; and by "ours" mean those of the French as well as ourselves; for the flying services
single service. Some of the things which have given us our air supremacy are of British Initiation and some French; but we practise and use them in common and
TANK WARFARE IN 1917.
THE PROSPECTS OF THE RIVAL
FLEETS
{BY B. P. HEARNE, IN THE "BVENING STANDARD:"]
"take.
WHY GERMANT BULLIES NORWAY.
1918,
WEATHER REPORT,
On the 16th at 11.20-Pressure kan do oreseed considerably over Central, and North Japan, and slightly elsewhere, excopt over the Philippines, where it imusarly stationary. Iti highest between Shanghai and Nagasaki and lowest over Borneo,
Moderais monsoon is indicated over the N. China Ben,
Hongkong rainfall for 24 hours ending at 10 m. to-day, 0.00 inch Tetal since tel. January, 7881 inchan, against an average of
63,68 Inchen.
The forecast for the 24 hours ending at noon
Hongkong to Gay Book
THE CAJOLEMENT OF SWEDEN.
[BY LOVAT TRABER.)
German submarines and other war We may expect to see British, French, vessels have now sunk about one-seventh and German tanks" in the field next of the merchant shipping of Norway. struggle will result. At the same time. The insurance involved is said to repres spring and a mot interesting technical probably there will be evolved an antient à sam of Ave and a half millions tank defensive organisation German sterling, and 149 lives have been lost. hard at work now on these problems, and
The percentage of tónnäge loss inflicted scientists and engineers are undoubtedly
on the Norwegian mercantile marine 18to-day is as follows **** it would be foolish to under-estimate oportionately four per cent. more than what they may possibly achieve,
DISFATOS that suffered by Great Britain. If great fleets of rival "tanks the field in 1917, many surprising develop first and most obvious change will come ments can be anticipated in warfare. The about in the armament of the tanks" artillery there will be progress to heavier themselves, Front machine-guns and light pieces of ordasno, thus bringing us nearer to the original idea of motor- fortresses as outlined fifteen years ago.
If gun power grows, the tank itself must grow also, and this will meant in creased weight and greater engine power. But there will be savere restrictions to size and weight imposed by the nature of the country to be operated over, region deeply pitted with shell holes and scarred by trenches will hardly allow of very large or heavy tanks to the best advantage.
operating
These episodes are not new, but a fort- night ago Germany began a fresh and Norwegian shipping. It coincided with virulent form of submarine warfare upon
a violent Press campaign against Nor
pursuing Norwegiau ships and signalling stantly patrolling the Norwegian coast, Waz Numbers of Zeppelius are con
formona Channel...
FORECAST
(N.E, or variable winds, moderate: fine.
N.E. winds, fresh.
South Coast of China between The same as South Court of Chins between {The_usme an Hongkong and Immocks( No. 1.
Hongkong and Bainsa... {
No. 1.
SHIPPING IN PORT
ALBIANA, British str., 2,488, Bette, 14th Desember-Chingwantao 7th Decem- CHEONGCHING, British str., 1,288, Hether-
ber, Coal-Dodwell & Co.
ington, 15th December ---Weihaiwei 10th December, General-Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd. CHINOCHOW, British str., 1,193, Jas. Doyle, 12th December-Port Parsoval 9th December, Lime Stone. Shewan," Tomes & Co.
CHONBANG, British str., 1,406, J. C. Mat
tock, 15th December Haiphong 12th December, Rice-Vardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd. DOBRINE NIKETICE, Russian str., 672, Alexeeft, 10th December-Singapore 29th November.---Order.
DUMBRA, French str., 2,219, J. Vaulpré, 11th December-Saigon 7th December.
Order.
EUGENIA, Russian str., 1,282, H. Weide,
16th December-Dairen 11th Decem ber, General Order. · FUKURA MARU, Japanese str., 3,178, T. Okasaki, 17th December-Hongay 14th Coal-Mitsui Bussa Kaisha. FUSHIKI MARU, Japanese str., Fuji, 16th December-Karatsu. 11th Deceinher, Coal-Mitsui Bussan Kaisha.
to the submarines to come and sink them. The ostensible reason assigned by Ger that on October 13th the Norwegian many for these outrageous proceedings is Government issued i decree, which came CHINA COAST MÄTEOROLOGICAL HAIRONG, British str., J. W. Evans, 17th into force on October 20th, prohibiting the submarines of all belligerente from entering the territorial waters of Norway, casualties for the purpose of saving life. Axcept under stress of weather, or to land The Germans pretend that the decree is inspired by unfriendly sentiments towards Germany."
have of necessity several types of This point would indicate that we shall tanks," just as, aeroplanes of different sizes and powers are designed for special work. On this theory there would be ["light" or scouting tanks for the preliminary advances. These would be racers in comparison, with the more pun derous mobile forts which would come after them. To prepare the way in some
and thus there opens out to us the pro- spect of a vast organisation to deal with the many phases of “tank” warfare.
WHEN TANK MERTS. TANK.
Station.
REGISTER.
18TH DROMBER, AJU
Wind
Hour.
Barometer
11. Bea Level.
Tmperatore.
Humidity,
Direction.
Force
Weather,
Swedish Government on July 22nd, with A similar decree was issued by the the addition that any submarine con- travening the regulation would run the risk of being attacked without warning. On the same date foreign aircraft were prohibited from passing over Swedish gladivostok, territory. Germany made no protest to
NO Sweden.
The Dutch Government has
Hakodate ... taken up the same attitude from a much carlier period. The British submarine Keshi
together with their crews.
Ophi
Bankow Lchang
Kinkdang ....
Karen Bramaon, who obtained her infor. of the two Armies work in such perfect measure for the latter there may be ar- 6 and the German submarine, s were Nagasaki 1981|| mation from prisoners, doctors and i harmony that they are to all intents one moured steam rollen, or road makers, both interned in Holland last year, } Kagoshima French ulicial scarces, says: "I found in Switzerland only the advance guard of Germany's victims of consumption, the number of which is growing rapidly.share equally the glory. tives is deliberate. It is an organised initiated anything new in the air. Now, It is a long time since the German attempt to destroy the French race, in his recrudescence of activity, he is the French are the greatest sufferera, Germaay can never defend or explain her doing his best to learn from us.
He action. All the infamy of the German copies exactly our methods, formations, Government and the hideous characteris and air tactics. In the recent moonlight tics of the nation are revealed in the nights especially, his airmen have been prison camp disclosures, In Germany Penetrating behind our lines, trying to there are three forms of camps.
bomb railheads and transport, and so third the prisoners are forced to labour forth; and individual Germans are even until they are permanently broken in getting so bold as to do what we have valids: There is no inspection of these done for the last four months, namely, eamps. Only two medical men have y low enough to use their machine guns visited the camps. They were Dr.n troops in tronches or on columns on Blanchod and Dr. Speiser, of the Geneva, the road. So far, they are making little
by it; and they are having a exciting time.
Ip the
Red Cross. Dr. Blanched asserts: At a certain Krupp factory, and coal mine,
40 per cent. of the prisoners are perma ently broken in health.' He instances the fact that a youth of 20 years of go was tied to a pust in the open air at his knees were permanently bent. Ап- other form of punishment was putting anen, under lighted coke ovens, where the heat and the lack of air quickly made them plead for meres. The longest period anan withstood fortune was 2 hours. Engian prisoners were shot at point blank rango,
At Hammelburg, 1 Bavaria, the mattresses in the prison camp were changed only half-yearly, and they were full of vermin. There were saw-dust and chopped straw in the bread. The prisoners had a concoction of roasted acorns for breakfast. One prisoner said that 24,000 prisoners at Munster, for elylter, dug holes in the ground, and covered themselves with turf. In the Inbour camps, despite icy storms, men had to lie on straw and mud. They were covered with vermin, and were tortured with hunger, and cold, from which many died oach night, Starving men threw themselves upon the mud, and tapped up the porridge that had fallen from the puts The worst-treated are the English. Typhoid and pneumonia cases are all placed together. The general drug is a solution of chalk. In the camp itself the odour gripped one's throat. After rain
the tent fours were covered with water, The tents were too old to stand up in, and too wet to lie down in. Men spent nights of misery until death ended their sufferings,
AT the
to
Yet
Gutalaff
Sharp Feat
·Swabow anya9° Tilchu
Tainan
Koshan..
What, then, is the true reason of Ger Naba inthy's venomous acts of war against lahi'jana It will be a sight for the gods when many means to destroy all the enemy and Chafo
Norway! One suggestion is that Ger- Bonin I fare. Will they fight at long range, as her own mercantile marine may have an
tank meets taak in the new war neutral shipping she can in order that Wei battleships? Or will they, in more pri- unprecedented chance when the war onds. mitive manner, draw close and resort to The explanation most frequently ad grappling or elephantine wrestling? Or vanced is that the Germans are wantonly will they try to poison cach other.
seeking to force war upon Norway. It Shah | Perhaps they may elect to try rain-is supposed that they hope by subtle pro- ming tactics by charging head on. I can mises of benefit af Norway's expense to almost fancy the soldiers on each side persuade Sweden to come in on the Germ stopping, spellbound, in the midst of a manic sida They further expect to be battle in order to watch the fight between able to interrupt more effectively Nor Tabon..... rival flouts of tanks, and the grotesque. wegian trade with Great Britain. antics of the huge creatures will assuredly another motive is that Germany expects cause laughter.
gain some naval advantage from hos- The "tanks" should come to their tilities with Norway, because ske fancieston most full activity in the summer campaign of that she could' then make forcible use of oog koop
1917. By that time we must be prepared fords The last named expectation may
some of the innumerable deep-water Gap Boo proportions. Given the germ of the idea, for a German :" tank fleet of large cut both ways.
work it out very carefully. Our invalt it is quite certain that the enemy will able experience as the originators will clearly we must examine briefly the policy To understand this grave question more eth well over the German lines in the motor factories will aku be greatly in the war began. On December 18th 1914, 10 o'clock on the morning of November help us very much, and our wealth of of the three Scandinavian kingdoms since direction of Vaulx-Vraucourt, north-east of fou But we must not base all King Christian of Denmark, King Gustaf of Bapanine, whither certain of our aeroplanes were bound on a bombing ex-be foolish to suppose that by next spring with their respective Foreign Ministers, Leapš our confidence on these factors. It would of Sweden, and King Haakon of Norway, walle machines and scouts, making in all u pedition. With thei were fighting Germany cannot produce a big number met at Malmo, in Sweden, and agreed Taclobaz fleet of 30 sail. Near the villa or Mory, they were surprised in 1016.
of tanks superior to those by which upon the pursuit of a common neutral- There can be no doubt that the ity" paramount desire of all the Scandinavian just fure reaching Vaulx-Yraucourt, they sighted an enemy squadron some
nations is to avoid being dragged into the What outnumbering themselves, the actual
wae. - strength being something from 36 to an aeroplanes.
One of the chief evidences of the new
activity has been the great aerial battle, which the official communiqué hus already wherein some 70 aeroplanes were engaged, mentioned. It took plag between 9 and
THE ATTACE.
THE TANK ON THE DEFENSIVE.
It may be argued that with Germany in steady retreat, the mobile forts would o be of no service to her. It is clear, how ever, that in a summer campaign Ger- many could exact a high price for our advance if she had a large fleet of tanks. Each motor-fort would be a accomplish serious damage. delaying agent, and a few men could
We attacked at once. Some of our machines were flying at a higher level than the enemy, and they plunged head long to join in the general engagement which was fought at an average height of not much above 5,000ft. On the mêlée which followed it is impossible to get any coherent account, for no man in it had time or thought for anything except the enemy machines with which he was successively engaged; but for 20 minutes there raged among the clouds such a battle as the world has never seen before an inextricable tangle of single combals, of darting, swirl'ng machines, the air filled with the roar of 70 propellers and the chatter of guns.
Of the
known.
!
enemy ไห
taking a hand in the future tank" Possibly we may have the seroplane
down to a low level and bombs the slow war, The daring airman would swoop moving monster, but if the tank" had anti-aircraft guns it might prove a very dangerous game for the flying machine, nothing to beat the imagined effect of a But for absolute weirdness there 15 massed night attack by tanks." Con- beaste snorting across the battlefield at jure up the idea of a herd of steel
for them. Out comes the rival fleet, and, night, with distant searchlights seeking like Gargantuan animals, they draw into the fight. Spitting flame and smoke and poison gas, making a hideous din, and presenting the most extraordinary out-
lines, they will make a warfare of the utmost uncanningas.
The climax in tank warfare will
which can
|
vent the free play of private sympathy. The strictest neutrality need not pre- and it has long been reasonably obvious that the private aympathies, of the bulk of the Norwegian people are, with the Allies, and more particularly with Great Britain, Norway has historical reasons for disliking German influence, because economic rain and dealt blows the con- the Hanseatic League wrought her
day. Yet Norway trades fairly with both sequences of which are traceable even to- groups of belligerents. sardines are certainly a prominent article Norwegian of diet in Germany just now.
during the earlier stages of the war were The private predilections of the Swedes fhaps on the whole in the other diree- tion. There is no inherent antagonism to German ideals in Sweden; yet there is no and Prussians, and if Sweden has leaned real bond of sympathy between Swedes towards Germans it is because she has vaguely (and most unnecessarily) feared Russia in the past. There has even been
Swedish Activist "
party,
n
J
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Holbow Pathol Paolem
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10
T. F. CLAXTON, Director
of
1. BAROMET, reduced to 83 degrees Fahren.
het, on the level of the sea in inghes, toothe and hundredths,
2. TEMPERATUR, in the alade, in degine
Fahrenheit
humidity of air saturated with moisture being 3 HUMIDITY, in percentage of saturation, the
fou
:
*
4. DICTINE W zap, to two points.
3. Femoron Ward, sacording to Beaufort Scale, cloud, d drizzling rain, f.feg, y gloomy, b buil,
4. STATE OF WHarann, b blue sky, o detached
lightning, u overcast, y passing, showers, q aqua), y rain, snow, thunder, y visibility, w dow (wet),
·7. Kaix in inchas, teuths and hundred
of Germany. tied like the Turks to the chariot-wheels
Four of our machines were lost, that is to say that they were compelled to
When I am told that Germany hopes. TYPHUS CONTAGION.
descend 'n German territory, a strong
to foment strife between Sweden and French prisoners, who are doctors,
westerly wind drifting the battle as it
Norway and to attach the Swedes to hor state that the Russian prisoners brought raged more and more over enemy's ́suil. In the ships which came home, one the typhus contagion, and that the dis
not side by attacking Norway, I prefer to case was sprend by vermin from which brought a dead observer and two there,
numerically strang, but secretly encour recall a sose which occurred on the aged by Germany, which has more or less southern frontier of the two kingdoms the prisoners could not escape. The ith wounded pilots, had difficulty in
dallied with the idea of Swedish interven- in the first month of the war, the day cessary remedies were not given, and ating up against the wind and landing come when some engineering genius intion on the German sids. It has been before the sack of Louvain. In the pre- the demands of healthy French that they
in our Fines.
well said that the most practical Swedish sence of a great concourse of Swedes, vents the automatic tank should be separated from diseased Rus- sians was refused. The camp command-machines were sent to earth, of which alcord. This will bring us to the highest sides and if our German and Austrian veiled to commemorate a contury of peace
know that six go forward and operate of its own
retort to Activism" has been the ques Norwegians, and Danes, while half tion: "What would happen if we took Europe was at war, a monument was un- aat stated that the criminal order to happened to the other three, beyond that in machines, not men, will decide the
three are known to have crashed. What development of the engineer's war, where allies last?"* mix the tick with the woll was given they were falling out of control, is not issue. The men can then look on and sec
between the Scandinavian nations. Buch out from Berlin in January. Out of
That retort perhaps represents the heart is the true answer of the Scandinavian 10,000 prisoners 4,000 died.
In yet another the pilot wat
of the situation in Sweden to-day, for races to German intrigues. German oficiala and doctors left the seen to shot dead. What further casual machines do the fighting!
the growing strength of the Entente camps. In many cases tubercular patients but the best evidence that the victory was ties the enemy suffered he only is aware;
Every Swedish newspaper has de- Powers and the visible decline of Germannounced the ruthless submarine attacks were put in the same barracks as men
prestige have had a chastening effect upon Norwegian shipping. Sweden her- weakened from other diseases. Dr.
ours lies in the fact that the whole enemy others which carry their shot for a while upon the more ardent Bramson states:
formation was broken and scattered. The and then fall dead, we learn nothing. The German failure at Verslun and the still suffering. Last February & promin
"Activists." Thus assassination is
self has suffered in like manner, and is being carried out.
Germans fed for sufety in all directions It is unquestionable
And it is curious how fargo a part in Allied victories on the Summe have made ent member of the Swedish Parliament that Germany acted with a full apprecia- leaving us in possession of the sky. Then this is played by the westerly wind which Swedish Germanophiles pause and reflect tion of what she was doing. Since July tally dropped our bombs on the stores Even when an east wind does blow here, be sure that there is no more accurate
we went on upon our business, we pune blowe here for three-quarters of the year. and lapse into silence. To-day we may wrote: 10th view orders have been issued making it more difficult to get information. This and ammunition depots of Vaulx-Vrauit is seldom flying weather; so practic interpreter of Swedish feeling than the is her latest Bud greatest infamy. But
court, and then came home proudly ally every battle is fought in a wind Foreign Minister, Dr. Wallenberg, who the war is dragging slowly to an end.
flying in regular formation, no German against which no disabled machine of declared six months ago that "Sweden Beaten and convicted Germany will await
daring to interfere.
ours can beat home, while the enemy has rneant to observe the strictest neutrality her judgment."
always his own soil below him and a fand was determined not to bo drawn into wind in his favour.
the war." Dr. Wallenberg is neither Swedish from first to last, and so are pro-Ally nor pro-German, but simply pro- most of his countrymen.
Gertrude Atherton, the well-known novelist, who recently spent four months in France, in a letter to the New York Times, confirms the French charge that
OVER THE ENEMY'S LINES.
It is, of course, one drawback to the splendid audacity with which we carry
the fighting always into the enemy's coun-the official communique has told you that, Taking this same day as an example, try that we cannot count his dead. We in all seven of our machines ware missing, the Germans deliberately infected pris- do not come home, and how many of the of German machines we know that we know only how many of our own machines including the four in this great battle. enemy's machines have visibly crumpled
15-including the six of
oners with tuberculosis. I learned from
that French prisoners were not only
drove down
*
The Swedish nation, let us remember,
How many Swedish lives have not sacrificed to German mines and tor- pedoes? Great Britain has dono no- thing of that kind to us. If there has been any act of grave brutality it has been committed by Germany and not by England.
a thoroughly reliable source," she states. and fallen, obviously wrecked or in this battle in a damaged condition is proud and sensitive, with a great past certificates or origin.
Sweden, as has been inevitable, but reas We have had our differences with
suring influences are now at work. At this moment a Swedish Mission is in London to adjust existing commercial conditions, especially with regard to forced to sleep with tuberculosis patients, A. In such a fight as this-in every but how many others orawled home and perhaps the prospect of a greater but to eat and drink from the same ight where more than a single aeroplane nursing wounds, or how many withdrew future. The Swedes are a military race
The disgraceful attempt of Germany to la engaged on either side a victorious from the aguting in good order and then of proved valour in war, and possessing embroil the Scandinavian nations in the I have learned of authenticated cases in combatant cannot stop to watch the ad tell later, we have no way of telling and not borrowed from Berlin. We may the whole world. Of all the crimes sho a fine Army. Their culture is indigenous war should meet with the reprobation of which they were given injections of tuber-versary who goes to earth to see if he What we do know is that, continuing to be tolerably sure that the wisest heads has committed none is worse than her culosis serum under the pretence that is really broken. Another opponent run vastly greater risks than his men it was vaccination against typhoiu. This demands his instant attention; and of have yet learned to-run, we daily inflict among them have no intention of reduc malignant attack upon the Norwegian
those firds which are winged and crip report has been confirmed by doctors who pled but can just limp home, or of those those which are obviqus alone, than we assalage, or of allowing themselves to be bullies and cowarda, and sets the seal It is, the work of on the enemy heavier losses, counting their country to a state of abject mercantile marine.
upon the evil deeds of "the Great suffer.
Anarchist."-Daily Mail.
vessels which were unwashed,
Moreover,
had special opportunities of obtaining accurate information."
(Continued at foot of next Column.)
(Continued at foot of next Column.)
December-Foochow 14th December, General Douglas Lapraik & Co. HONGKONG, French str., 739, A, Mar- guerite, 17th Decembe Holon 16th December, General. A. R. Marty. HBINORANG, Chinese str., 1,258,
W. Munro, 10th December Shanghai- 13th December, General-Order.. Huichow, British atr., 1989, G. Hooker, 14th December-Haiphong 11th De comber, Coal Butterfield & Swire. KUEICHOT, British str., 1,920, Edward Forsyth, 18th December-Weihaiwoi 10th December, General.-Butterfield
Swire.
&
KIUKIANO, British str., 1,228, Peacock, 10th December-Shanghai 12th December, General -Butterfield & Swire. KWANOL, Chinese str., 1,408, Sangster, 13th December-Shanghai 10th Decem- bor, General.-Order.
LOKBANG, British str., 979, D. W. Bitchie,
10th December-Hoihow 7th Decem ber, General-Jardine, Matheson & Co.
MYOGIBAN MARU, Japanese str., 1,740, T. Tusinski, 10th December-Tsingtau 10th December, Coal-Mitsui Bussan Kaisia
PROTESILAUS, British str.,
6,118, A. Braithwaite, 14th December Kut.. ehinetzu, 10th December, General.-. Butterfield & Swire.
SUISANG, British str., 1,776, Simpson, 16th December-Singapore 4th December, General--Jardine, Matheson & Co. TAISNUN, Chinese str., 1,210, C. A. Westor- lund, 16th December-Shanghai 13th
December, General-Order.
TAMBA MARU, Japanese str., 3,503, K. Akamatsu, 14th Lecember-Shanghai 10th December, General. Nippon Yusen Kaisha.
TAMEUI, British str., 910, McCulloch, 13th December Shanghai 8th December, General-Butterfield & Swit
TENYO MARU, Japanese str., 13,368, H. 8.
Smith, 13th December--San Francisco. 11th November, General-Toyo Kisen Kaisha.
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