AN EMPIRE RESOLUTE.
DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE ON WORLD PEACE.
The Duke of Devonshire, Governor- Cleneral designate of Canada, was the principal guest of the Association of Chambers of Commerce of the United Kingdom at luncheon at the Savoy Hotel on November 1st. Sir Algernon F. Firth, president of the Association, was in the chair.
In reply to the toast of his health, he hoped he was not too optimistic is saying that although we might not be able to see the and of the great struggle in which we were engaged, yet there was a greater feeling of confidence and hope, and, moreover, determination to carry the struggle through to the only possiblo conclusion for us.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 1ST, 1916.
MR. REDMOND'S APPEAL.
HOW TO CALM FEELING IN IRELAND.
Mr. John Redmond unveiled in Sligo on October 28th a statue of the late Mr.. Patrick McHugh, for several
Sears Mayor of the town and M.P. for North Sligo.
WHAT WILL SWEDEN DO?}
EFFECT OF GERMANY'S SUB- MARINE CAMPAIGN,
[DY THE DAILY CHRONICLE" SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT LATELY IN SWEDEN.]
مد سبيد
LIFE IN VIENNA,
GAIETY AND HIGH PRICES..
"BOOM" WAR EXHIBITION,
(FROM "THE TIMES" CORRESPONDENT AT LAUSANNE, ]
successful war.
There are great messes of war material
and trophies of guns, rifles, fags, wagons,
etc.
L
I passed through Norway a few days
I am indebted to a neutral traveller on ago on my way home after a five weeks' visit to the Scandinavian capitals, and information about life in that city during his way back from Vienne for some Replying to the toast of his health at found the country aflame with indignarecent months. The Government has just a dinner on the evening, Mr. Redmond tion at the ruthless German submarine opened in the Prater a War Exhibition. said that the state of Ireland was a campaign against Norwegian ships. Now It is the only thing in the city which is serious monaco to Great Britain, to the I see it is reported that the whole of the everywhere spoken of with admiration. Empire, and to the victorious ending of Press of Sweden is joining is the protest The Viennese are really proud of it and
He had told the Government of Norway against this German action. the war..
are especially delighted that the Barliners that the first necessity from an Imperial This is a significant sidelight on the
have not been able to do the same thing, point of view was to alleviate the excited Scandinavian situation. Between Norway The exhibition is in reality a colossal and inflamed feelings of the Irish and Sweden there have been differences, trick, the objects presented constituting a people, and that so long as martial law but the two countries have, nevertheless, mixture of truth and falsehood calcula existed there, Ireland's national repre- close and unbreakable ties in some funda- sentatives in Parliament must be in mentals, and there are evidences that the to inspire the Viennese with hopes of a Whatever the future might bring we
permanent and open opposition. The bond between the Scandinavian peoples is had every reason to be proud of what other day he called upon the Government far stronger than any associations, pre-
Sweden and bo withdraw martial law. He asked sent or future, between the country had done during the war. Canada also had risen to the occasion, them to deal generously with the 800 men Germany. Of seven daily newspapers in and was loyally taking its part with the interned without trial in England; to Stockholm, three may be classed as pro- ather forces of the Empire. We had not release them; and if they could not do Ally, four as pro German. And yet spired ourselves, but what we had done that, to consider their cases, and let the observe what happens in the case of all in the past 2 years was but an earnest majority of them be released without organs where Norway is seriously of what we were prepared to do to bring further delay. Mr. Redmond proceeded: this war to the only conclusion with said to the Government: Treat the which we could be satisfied. We wore determined that so far as lay in our power it should be impossible for any such outrage against civilization and humanity to be perpetrated again. The sacrifices made must not be made in vain We could look forward with confidence to the future. We had great resources and our greatest asset was a determina tion to make it impossible for any nation or clique or combination of individuals to entre such a disaster as we had had during the last 23 years. With us lay
the supreme duty of securing as far as we could the peace of the world, giving full outlet for the development of its resources. The men had proved that once stirred up to the real facts we could master the situation. (Cheers.).
CANADA AMONG THE NATIONS.
Lord Derby, replying to the toast of bis health, said he always thought that the most attractive life was that of a man, born perhaps in humble circum atauces in this country, who had gone Forth into the New World to make his livelihood, and having made good and come back to help his parents in the Old Country. What was attractive in a man was also attractive in a nation. Canada went forth years ago from the Mother Country to make itself into a nation. It had made itself a nation; it had made good, and it had come back to help the old Mother Country. At the close of the was new relations might arise between ourselves and the Colonice, but none could be as strong as the bond that was joining us now. People talk glibly of new Constitutions." be added." Well, I am a Conservative. Old Constitutions are good enough for me when they give as a result such as has been given during the present war. Anything that can bind us together, let it be done, but do not let us think that by making a cast iron Constitution for ourselves and the Colonies we are by that means going to increase the affection and love that they have for us. If it is to be increased, and I think it can be increased, it will be by having such a man as the Duke of Devonshire to represent his Majesty the King in the Dominion of Canada.
Responding to the toast of "The Dominion of Canada," Sir Thomas White (Finance Minister of Canada) said that the people of Canada were under no illusion with regard to the war, They looked forward to rather pro longed conflict, but they were absolutely confident as to the issue. They realized
question before the Empire to-day.
threatened.
GERMAN TRAUE ACTIVITY.
Of course there has been and still as a good deal of pro-German feeling in penal servitude prisoners as political prisoners are treated in every civilized Sweden, and this had led to some mis. country in the world." I have beard I conceptions. The Swedes, a proud and am not in the present circumstances in powerful people, independent by tempora ment, rich in history, are first and fore the confidence of the Government, but shortly to do this thing. If that is their about them. The story of what may be most Scandinavians, and the German have heard that the Government intend may be making serious miscalculations intention, I ask then, in Heaven's name. why delay? (Cheers.) Will they hold may be briefly told. Sweden faces Russia, called the pro-Germanism of the country back these concessions until they are absolutely useless in affecting public startled when democratie England joined and has distrusted Russia, and was opinion in this country? Is it to be one hands with her, in the war. Germany nin a concession by the English Goprosperous, efficient, highly organised, bas ernment too late?
for long been exploiting this dislike of But these things are not enough, and Russia, and Sweden, with the idea that even if they were all conceded to-morrow Germany was an effective political friend, they would not meet the situation which has at the same time been impressed with has arisen in Ireland. To redeem the pre- the thoroughness of German methods. sent situation some great act of under- standing and sympathetic statesmanship is necessary. (Cheers.) Ireland today is seething with suspicion and distrust of English statesmen and English promises. I say to England, let her weet distrust by trust, and put Home Rule into im- mediate operation. (Cheers.) Is English statesmanship so bankrupt, is British chivalry so cold, that they cannot even in this crisis of their fate rise to a bold and generous act? It is said that the patting Home Rule into operation would raise serious problems of amending Acts, etc. Let them have the courage of their con- victions. Let them fcce these problems on their responsibility and take the const- quences. It is said also that there is an understanding that during the war there should be no controversial topics raised in the House of Commons, but the worst of all controversies and of all calamities for the British Empire is to have Ireland, as she is to-day, a weakness, share, and danger. Fighting for the independence of anall nationalities on the Continent of Europe, and maintaining martial law in Ireland-the position is intolerable, ridiculous, and shameful. (Cheers.) 1 understanding statesmanship in Ire- "One great act
land, and more would be done for the winning of this war, than by the alliance of half-a-dozen neutral States or by another successfai advance On the Somme, (Cheers.)
矗
of
INFURIATED REICHSTAG.
"MILITARY OPPRESSION"
DENOUNCED.
Germany promptly entered the open door. She permeated many of Sweden's trade activities, and inculcated many of her modes of thought and action in politics and education--and it has to be horne in mind that Stockholm is out 24 hours from Berlin, and communication has been ensy. When war broken out a German Princess was the wife of the King of Sweden, a highly efficient Swedish army of G00,000 men owed much, to German methods of training, and cease less German propaganda had been deluged on Sweden.
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captured from the Russians, Serbians, the Montenegrins, and the Italians, A special hall is devoted to the exhibition of maps, letters, photographs, and other articles taken from the enemy on the battlefield. Russian altare, sacred ornaments, ikon, and religious paintings the districte conquered by bear witness to the organized pillage in the Imperial Armics. The main object of the exhibi- tion has obviously been to produce a moral effect, a sense of success, while no the same time making a pecuniary profit,
and the supplies of provisions have been Germany, has suffered from the blockade, In regard to supplies, Austrin, liko
consists of sea fish, which was of great NETH. INDIA, MANILA, HONGKONG & SAN FRANCISCO. greatly restricted.
The principal food
harvest, that is to say, from March to assistance in the months preceding the June. would not have been possible for the But for the help of neutrals it people of Austria to hold out during the food crisis. Meat is very difficult to obtain; horse-flesh can be bought at a relatively reasonable price, but in quan- tity insufficient for the needs of the "population of Vienna,
It is a curions fact that lemons still do not cost more than a few farthings apiece. One may say that they are the only article of food of which the price has remained almost normal since the war began. With the juice of these lernons there is many- factured a sort of oily extract which is used to season the salad in place of oil, which has long been unobtainable. There are also to be found Swiss and Dutch cheese, Danish butter, Dutch potatoes, and Roumanian flour. All these articles are sold at three or four times the price for which they could be obtained in normal times.
With the governing circles thus under German prepossessions it is easy to see The Government has requisitioned all the frictions which were certain to arise the leather for the Army, and for a long when the Allies had to impose restrictione timo past ingenious bootmakers have intro- about imports, and at the same tang seduced wooden soles. These soles are given find a pathway across Sweden for sending some elasticity by means of slices of used supplies to Russia. I pause here to leather. They are practical and not dear. remark that the British Government was Smokers are particularly affected by the fortunate in these difficult circumstances war, for tobacco is very scarce. in having Britam's affairs in Sweden in cigars are execrable, and the tobacconists such tactful and highly capable hands as do not sell more than one packet of 10 those of Sir Esme howard. His task was cigarettes to the game customer. no simple one.
Germany took advantage of the situa Allies, and she had powerful influence tion to try to embroil Sweden against the to hand. Then the Swedish nation roused itself, and said in effect that it would not go to war against the Allies to oblige Germany. And now, although there are pro-German sympathies in high quarters, the circle of those sympathisers has narrowed, and will be lessened still further by this desperate action against Norway. The Swedes are intolerant of pressure, and they had an object lesson before them,
WOMEN WORKERS.
The
has given its young and capable men to In epile of the fact that every family the Army, plenty of labour is available, for large numbers of women have filled the places of the absent men in the shops, the factories, and the Government offices. The policing of Vienna is undertaken by old men and invalids.
that the war was the first, last, and only occurred in the Reichstag during a debats | necessary action of the Allies about be seen in the city are driven by women.
LOOKING FOR THE KOH-I-NOOR.
A startling discovery is made by the Cologne Volkszeitung nothing less than that England's historic diamond, the Koh-i-noor, was lost in the ill-fated Hampshire!
The Dutchmen fishermen at Katwyk have at length discovered the reason why so many of their trawlers are seized and the catch conveyed to London.
It is this very trait in the Swedes which has caused some difficulty with Britain, While Sweden had great sympathy with Passionate outbursts of indignation the Allied cause, it was resentful of the
Could she not as a neutral trade with neutral? What right had Britain to interfere? A business Government" in close touch with the Court has pushed these objections very hard on the plea of neitrality.
on military arrest. Herr Dittmana, & supplies. Socialist speaker, said :-
With the introduction of military arrest a reign of terror has been estal- lished in Germany. We are living through orgies of baseness and villainy Criminals are really to be envied, for they get every legal protection, whilst persons arrested by the military under the Defence of the Realm are buried alive.
"Detention
The speaker illustrated his allusion to a reign of terror by a number of examples of young girls who had been seized and locked up with prostitutes Although they receive a stated fee for
means contamination." the fish, the men do not consider them-Hereupon the Socialists were no longer selves as at all fully compensated by the able to control their indignation, and loss of the Dutch as well as German shouted Shame, that's your German markets. Hence the disclosure of the Kultur, is it?” cause of these confiscations has not tended to allay their wrath and disgust
ut the English.
A change is possibly coming in this the King) has to face in the Lower policy. The Government (put in power fase, 140 Socialists and Liberals, nearly all sympathetic to England and France, and 85 Conservatives, most of whom are emphatically against Sweden being led into war by Germany. During my stay in Stockholm I had opportunity of free discussion with many responsible persons some of whom were reputed to be fra German, and I have to say quite definitely that in no single case was there any anti-British feeling expressed indicuted.
TWO CLEAR-CUT POLICIES.
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The tramways are worked by the wives and sisters of dead or badly wounded soldiers. Life has, to a certain extent, been transformed by the introduction of women into helds of activity hitherto Man women are reserved for men. actually directing commercial enterprises. At the railway stations the porters are often women. The few motor-cars still to Some of these cars are fitted with wooden wheels, or the tires have been replaced by bandages manufactured of a substance that looks like ebonite. Since Roumania declared war upon Austria the orchestras in the theatres, cafés, and restuurants are solely composed of women, for the Roumanians. Not a waiter is to be seen: greater part of the male-musicians were everywhere waiters have been replaced by women. The cafés, restaurants, theatres, andi cinemas are always full of people.
0
The credit of the State has
As regards money, there is such profusion of notes of small values in circulation that their value has become received a severe shock, and the financial debased policy of the Government inspires great devoted to purchases and payments made. distrust. The gold reserves are strictly
abrond. The last loan was a forced one. The Army contractors were each categori- Herr von Helfferich, the Minister for The pro-Germanism expressed itself enlly invited to subscribe for an amount the Interior, rising to reply, was "ob-rather in a wish that the war between fixed in advanced by the authorities. viously nervous, and was interrupted by Germany and Britain should come to an Many payments due by the State were The fact is that the fish caught in angry exclamations, and at times storms end. "Why should this slaughter of the discharged by means of War Loan stock. Dutch waters, especially the larger sized of protest from the Loft. He banged his beat men of both countries continue?" All the securities deposited with the What State, and even with private establish- species, such as cod, plaice, and so forth. fist on the table and demanded not to be asked one leading editor of me. is being subjected to minuto inspection interrupted, whilst the President vigor by her debts and her colossal task of stock. Furthermore, large sums deposited has Britain to gain! Germany, burdened ments, were also converted into loan in London by expert searchers. What is ously rang his entirely useless bell." it that they are looking for! Nothing
recuperation, cannot threaten attack in by private individuals with the banks Herr von Helfferich wholly failed to the future." I heard this note more than
were converted into State Hentes, and the more nor less than the Koh-i-noor, the placate the angry House. The feeling of once.
owners were not informed, at the time biggest diamond in the world, which was indignation at his cool assumption that to have been offered by Kitchener as everything was for the best finally Sweder.
Two clear-cut policies now stand before that this had been done
One is that pursued by the
The public distrust has produced a Pecsent to the Czar
Dia caused even the National Liberals to lose present Government, namely, refusal strange phenomenon in Vienna. their temper, and their spokesman, Dr. to enter into a general agreement with mands are greatly sought after. It is
that many Paasche, springing to the tribune, ex- Britain by which supplies sufficient for stated
people have claimed that he was bitterly disappoint the normal life of Sweden would be freely bought them in order to place part of ed that the Minister had failed to find available under conditions. This refusal their possessions beyond the reach of the adequate expressions of disapproval fer is based on national pride, and involves Government and to save their fortune the state of affairs which he (Dr. Paasche) a series of separate arrangements, incon- from the incontestible debasement of the and his friends had believed impossible. venient and unprofitable all round. The note circulation. "Such conditions we will not, and shall other policy is the acceptance of, à general
even agreement admitted
by itu not, tolerate.**
The whole House burst into a wild opponents as certainly to be materially sits Mr. Branting, & pro Ally champion, roar of applause as Dr. Paasche left the profitable to Sweden.
with his fingers on the pulse of the tribune.
The latter course has grown In Herr von Helfforich rost, popularity, very much lately, and it has the, bulk of the people of Sweden are in clectorate, cheerful in the knowledge that trembling, to make one more effort to the strong support of Mr. Branting, the sympathy with France and England. I pacify the now infuriated Reichstng, but leader of the Social Democrats, who is was immediately followed by an Alsatian freely spoken of as one of the two men quote one or two of his remarks to mez
The feeling is spreading tast & general member, Herr Hauts, whose further loss who are destined to be Prime Ministers agreement with Britain would be bené- catalogue of instances of intolerable The other of these two men is Mr. Wallen heal all round. I am looking forward military oppression brought the House berg, the present Foreign Minister. to that policy. The Government's present
Owing to the sinking of the Hampshire tbie plan could not be carried out, and the Koh-i-noor has to all appearances fallen a prey to the fish,
This is the reason every big fish caught in Dutch, and even in Norwegian, waters carried to England to undergo painfully minute examination.
ENEMIES IN TRENCHES SIGNAL THEIR SURRENDER TO OUR
FLYING MEN. ·
a
An Air Board report includes a notable exemple of readiness to surrender on the part of Germans at some parts of the West Front
to auch paroxysms of anger that for the Stockholm is a city of drama just now, On September 28th (it is stated) a con-
time the sitting had to be suspended. tact patrol machine flew over Gird trench
Herr von Helfferich, in a final speech, at between 200 and 400 feet during the attempted to appease the excited House by morning. The Germans in the trench promising a thorough investigation of all hald up their hands and waved white cases and adopting on behalf of the handkerchiefs, This, information was Government a National Liberal motion to transmitted to the ground station, and refer the Bill regarding preventive arrest the Germans shortly afterwards surren to a committee of 21 members. The Bill dered to our troops.
was finally adopted by the Reichstag.
line would appeal to national sentiment a drama full of potentialities. At the in normal times, but we are in the midst luxurious Grand Hotel, which directly faces the King's Palace, visitors from of war, and must recognise hard facts, Germany, Russia, France and Britain sympathy of practically all the La are coming and going, each on other bour movement is with the Allies, and also. special missions, each with their special larga section of opinion outside the There is sympathy secrets. Away in the street at the back Labour movement.
with the Germans in some quarters, and of the town at the Labour headquarters it arises from the view that Germany is
(Continued at foot of next Cohima.) now on the defensive against Russia.
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