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THE WAR IN ITALY I-THE ISONZO FRONT.
[BY I O, WELLS. J
up a dust. It was an excellent example
of the great art of camouflage" which this war has developed,
2 shady
I went on through the wood to a observation post high in a tree, into which I clambered with my guide. I was able A short series of articles by Mr. HG from this position to get a very good idea Wells on the work of the Italian Army, of the general lie of the Italian eastern whose recent brilliant achievements have front. I was in the delta of the Isonzo. filed their Allies with the greatest admira-- Directly in front of me were some marshes tion, are being published in the Daily and the extreme tip of the Adriatic Bea, Chronicle. Mr. Welle' articles gain at the head of which was Monfalcone, additional significance and importance now in Italian hands. Behind Mon- from the fact that they embody this falcone ran the red ridge of the Carso, of eminent writer's first impressions of which the Italians had just captured the actual warfare derived from a recent visit eastern half. Behind this again rose the to the Italian front. The first of the mountains to the east of the Isonzo which sories is BA follows:-
the Austrians still held. The Isonto camo towards me from out of the mountains, in a great, westward curve. Fifteen or sixteen miles away, where it emerged from the mountains, lay the pleasant and prosperous town of Gorizia, and at the westward point of the great curve was Tho Sagrado, with its broken bridge. Battle of Gorizia was really not fought at Gorizia at all. What happened was the brilliant and bloody storming of Mounts Podgora and Babotine, on the western side of the river above Gorizin, and simultaneously a crossing at Sagrado behind Gorizia, and a magnificent rush np to the plateau and across the plateau of the Carse, Gorizia itself was not organised for defence, and the Austrians were so surprised by the rapid storm of the mountains to the north-west of it and of the Carso to the south-east that they made no fight in the town itself,
•
Mr first impressions of the Italian war centre upon Udine. So far I had had only a visit to Soissons on an exception- ally quiet day, and the sound of a Zeppelin one night in Essex, for all my experience of actual warfare. But my bedroom at the British Mission in Udine rossed perhaps extravagant expectations. There were holes in the plaster ceiling sad wall, betraying splintered laths, holes that had been caused by a bomb that had burst and killed several people in the little square outside. Such excitements seem to be things of the past now in Udine. Udine keeps itself dark now days, and the Austrian seaplanes, which come raiding the Italian coast country night very much in the same aimless, malignant way in which the Zennelius
raid England, apparently because there is nothing else for them to do, find it easier to locate Venice.
My earlier rides in Venetia began
As a consequence when I visited it I always with the level roads of the plain, found it very little injured-compared, roads frequently edged by water-courses, that is, with such other towns as baye with plentiful willows beside the road, been fought through. Here and there the vines and fields of Indian corn and such-front of a house has been knocked in by like lush crops. Always quite soon one came to some old Austrian boundary posts; almost everywhere the Italians are fighting upon what is technically enemy territory, but nowhere does it seem a whit less Fialian than the plain of Lombardy When at last I motored away from Udine to the northern mountain front I pasted through Campo-Formio, and saw the white-faced inn as which Napoleon dis membered the ancient Republic of Venice and bartered away this essential part of Italy into foreign control. It just gravitates back now as though there had been no Napoleon.
EQUIPMENT OF A MODERN ARMY,
And upon the roads and besides them was the enormous equipment of a modern army advancing. Everywhere I saw new roads being made, railways pushed up, vast store dumps, hospitals, everywhere the village swarmed with grey soldiers; everywhere our automobile was threading its way and taking astonishing riska among interminable processions of motor lorries, strings of ambulances or of mule carts, wagons with timber, wagons with wire, wagons with men's gear, wagons with casks, wagons discreetly veiled columns of infantry, cavalry, batteries en route. Every wagon that goes up full comes back empty, and many wounded wore coming down and prisoners and troops returning to rest. Gorizia bad been taken a week or so before my arrival; the Isonzo had been crossed, and the Austrians driven back across the Carso for several miles, all the resources of Italy seemed to be crowding up to make good these gains and gather strength for the next thrust. The roads under all this traffic remained wonderful; gangs of men were everywhere repairing the first onset of wear, and Italy is the most fortunate land in the world for road metal; her mountains are solid road metal, and in the Venetian plain you need but to scrape through a yard of soil to find gravel
|
GORIZIA AFTER ITS CAPTURE
Austrian shell or ♫ lamp-post prostrated. But the road bridge had suffered a good deal; its iron parapet wag twisted about by shell bursts and inter- woven with young trees and big boughs designed to screen the passer-by from the observation of the Austrian gunners upon Monto Santo. Here and there were huge holes through which one could look down upon the blue trickles of water in tho stony river-bed below. The driver of our automobile displayed what seemed to me an extreme confidence in the margin of these gaps, but his confidence was justi- fed.
At Sagrado the bridge had been much more completely demolished; no effort had been made to restoro the Eorizontal roadway, but one crossed by a sort of timber switchback that followed the ups and downs of the ruins.
до
It is not in these places that one must look for the real destruction of modern war. The real fight on the left of Gorizia went through Lucinico is thing more than a heap of grey stones; except for a bit of the church wall and the gable end of a house one cannot even speak of it as ruins. But in ine place among the rubble. I saw the splintered top and a leg of a grand piano. Podgora Hill, which was no doubt one neatly terraced and cultivated, is like a scrap of landscape from some airless, treeless planet. Bill more desolate was the scene upon the Carn to the right (south) of Goritis. Both San Martino and Doberdo are destroyed beyond the limits of ruine tion. The Carso itself is a waterless upland with but a few bushy trees;
it must always have been a desolate region, but now it is an indescribable wilderness of shell craters smashed-up Austrina trenches, splintered timber, old iron, tags and that rusty, thomý vileness of man's invention, worse than all the thorna and tickets of nature, barbed wire. There are no dead visible; the wounded have been cleared away; but about the trenches, and particularly near some of the dug outs, there was a faint, repulsive smell.
One travelled through a choking dust, under the blue sky, and above the steady, incessant dusty succession of lorry, lorry, lorry, lorry that passed one by, one saw, looking up, the free-tops, house-roofs or the solid Venetian campanile of this or that wayside village. Once a we were coming out of the great grey portals of that beautiful old relic of a former school of fortiscation, Palmanova, the traffic became suddenly bright yellow, and for a kilometre or so we were passing nothing but Sicilian mule-carts loaded with hay. These carts seem as strange among the grey shapes of modern war transport as a Chinese mandarin in painted silk would thrust further both must be brought up
Yet into this wilderness the Italians are now thrusting a sort of order. The Gerinan is a wonderful worker. They say on the Anglo-French front that he makes trenches by way of resting, but I doubt if he can touch the Italian at certain forms of toil, All the way up to San Martino and beyond swarms of workmen were making one of the care- full graded roads that the Italians make better than any other people. Other swarms were laying waterpipes.
For upon the Carso there are neither roads nor water, and before the Italians can
AN ENEMY AEROPLANES,
be. They are the most individual of to the front. things, all-two-wheeled, all bright yellow | and the same size it is true, but upon each
As we approached San Martino an there are the gayest of little paintings, Austrian aeroplane made its presence such paintings as one sees in England at felt by dropping a bomb among the little times upon an ice-cream barrow. Some tents of some workmen, in a little scrubby times the picture will present a Scrip- wood on the hillside near at hand. One rural subject, sometimes a scene of opera, heard the report, and turned to see the sometimes a dream landscape or a trophy fragments flying and the dust. Probably of fruits or flowers, and the harness-how they got someone. And then, after a much out of repair is studded with little pause, the encampment began to brass Again and again I have passed strings of these gay carts; all Bicily must out men; here, there and every be swept of them.
VISIT TO A BATTERY.
where they appeared among the tents, running like rabbits at evening-time, down the hill. Very soon after, and prob- Through the dust I came to Aquilein, ably in connection with this signal, which is now an old cathedral, built upvi Austrian shells began to come over. the remains of a very early basilica They do not use drapuel, because the standing in a space in a scattered village rocky soil of Italy makes that unneces But across this dusty space there was sary. They fire a sort of shell that goes carried the head of the upstart Maximing bang and relcases a cloud of smoke over- who murdered Alexander Severus, and head, and then drops a parcel of high later Aquileia brought Attila near to explosive that bursts on the ground. The despair. Our party alighted; we ground leaps into red dust and amoke. inspected a very old mosaic floor which But these things are now to be seen on had been uncovered since the Austrian
Forthwith the men working retreat. The Austrian priests have gone on the road about us begin to down toola too, and their Italian successors are already tracing out a score of Roman and make for the shelter trenches, a long traces that it was the Austrian custom going at a steady walk. Then, like a procession down the length of the road to minimise. Captain Pirelli refresh blow in the chest, came the bang of a big
Italian gun somewhere close at hand.
Along about four thousand miles of the various fronts this sort of thing was
on that morning. Thie
my historical memories; it was rather like leaving a card on Gibbon en route foi contemporary history,
the cinema.
By devious routes I went on to certain gol Carso front is the practicable
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batteries of big guns which had played their part in hammering the Austrian left offensive front of Italy. From the left above Monfalcone, across an arm of the Adriatic, and which were now under wing on the Isonzo along the Alpine boundary round to the Swiss boundary orders to shift and move up closer. The there is mountain warfare like nothing battery was the raost unobtrusive of alse in the world; it is warfare that batteries; its one desire seemed to be to appear simple piece of woodland in pushes the boundary backward, but it is mountain warfare that will not, for the eve of God and the aeroplane. I went so long a period that the war will be over to my right. It looked scarcely as dis. Done I saw Trieste away along the const about the network of railways and paths arst, hold out any hopeful prospects of tant e Folkestone from Dungene. under the trees that a modern battery offensive movements on a large scale The Italian advanced line is indeed requires, and come presently upon a great gun that even at the first glance seemed against Austria or Germany. It is a scarcely ten miles from Tricate. But the short distance as the crow Bies from Italians are not roing, I think, to little less carefully hidden than its Rovereto to Munich, but not as the big Trieste just yet. That is not the rest fellows. Then I saw that it was a most gun travels. The Italians, therefore, as ingenious dummy made of a tree and logs their contribution to the common effort, with the Alliee for the complete defeat gams, now. They are playing loyally and so forth. It was in the emplacement are thrusting rather eastwardly towards of the Central Powers, and that is to be of a real gun that had been located; it the line of the Talian Alps through achieved striking home into Austria. had its painted sandbags about it just the Carinthia and Carniola. From my oh Meanwhile there is no sense in knocking same, and it felt itself so entirely a part servation post in the tree near Montal Trieste to pieces, or using Italians in- of the battery that whenever its com panions fired it burnt a flash and kicked
(Continued at foot of hast Column.) stead of Austrian soldiers to garrison it
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