FUTURE OF THE SLAV RACE IN EUROPE.
SERBIAN SOCIETY FORMED IN
ENGLAND,
[ROM OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT.) The formation of a Serbian Society for Great Britain is an indication that the need of educating public opinion with regard to Balkan countries is beginning to be realised. The aims of the new Society include the promotion of a policy which will lead to the formation of a United Southern Blav State as a per- manent safeguard of European freedom. Before the war the relations of the British people with Serbia were fov, and their knowledge of the Southern Blay race was slight. Why, it may be asked, should special attention be paid now to a people who are separated from us by distance, language. faith, and political tradition f
war
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 24TH, 1918,
ALL RUSSIA IN ARMS.
FULL MAN-POWER MOBILISED.
AUTUMN CAMPAIGN ON SOUTHERN FRONT.
(FROM LUDOVIC NAUDEAU, **THE DAILY CHRONICLE'' SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT-]
Russian Army Headquarters,
Southern Front.
Many things are realised and brought home to you by merely journeying, sa I have just donc. from one extremity to the other of this immense front.
*
+
*
*
The present position of the armies as well as the lie of the railways and the running of the trains make it the most practicable way of getting from the Northern to the Southern front to take the great trunk connection from Petro grad to Moscow and from Moscow to Kiev, along which the great Pullma expresses run regularly; an immensely roundabout way, but one that is quickly cavered.
** RUNNERS,"
The following article tells of the "min- zers" who carry important messages in the front trenches. Private J. Miller, whose VC." was announced recently, was one of this heroic band, romarks the Daily Mail. He was ordered to take an important message and bring back a reply at all costs. Seriously hit almost in- mediately, ha compressed with his hand a gaping wound in his abdomen; delivered his messago, staggered back with the answer, and fell dying at the feet of the oficer to whom he delivered it
is impossible and the telephone wires In trench warfare, where fag-wagging may be broken at any moment by shell fire, runnere are used to maintain com- munication between commanders of units The and the directors of operations. position of "runner" is eagerly sought after by the keen young soldier, who delights in the adventures which will, he knows, so often crop up.
Every officer in a regiment has one or more runners attached to him, the num- The trench work of a runner is not by ber increasing with the higher ranks. any means arduous as long as telephone communication is unimpaired. It is in an advance that he is put to the greatest test; for, in addition to taking his chance in the charge which captures a trench, he is almost certain to have to carry messages across the open under heavy are.
You roll along without a stop for 20 hours and after the first night of travel ling you see at dawn fleeting away behind you the grandiose panorama of Moscow, with the sparkling of its gilded dores and the many coloured splendour of its
There are times when it is of vital im bulbone minarets; the whole a majestic Icon painted upon a sky that is lit up portance that messages should be got athwart by the growing Eastern glow. through from a captured treach to the Then cute Tula, Orel, Koviak, the fecund.. operations, and in the probable event of a breakage of the telephone wire Black Earth region.
this dangerous duty devolves on the run ners.
**U-BOATS AT NEW YORK.
HOW THEY GET THERE.
[BY JACKSTATE.]
"U-boats blockadin' New York! Why, gosh darn it, if that ain't reachin' right into the Amurrican eagle's eyrie to pull out, bis tail feathers!" exclaims tho Now Englander. The Old Englander, too, has things to say upon the subject, as might be expected, for the pirates latest act had just that quality of unexpected- ness which always attracts public atten tion to an event whatever it may be..
+
Now as to how they got there." Submarines are like aircraft in ope respect; they have undergone a wonder- ful development since the war began.
under their
own
They get there power. To one of the newest U-boats, which are by no means the best sub marines in existence, a irip across the Atlantic presente no difficulty so far as its tax upon ber sea-keeping power is concerned. The worst part of the voyage is the starting of it. We hear a great. deal about such U-boats as SECOX
getting out," but never a word about the considerable number which fail to do that and end ignominiously.
Fin
has The answer is that the awakened the British public to a senso of its ignorance of many European questions which closely affect our posi tion in the world and, indeed, our national freedom. Among the foremost of these questions is that of Serbin and
There are two main outlets by which of the Southern Slay-i.c., the Serbs, Creats, and Slovenes who, although liv
U-boats can leave their blockaded homs ports namely, the Elbe and the Baltic ing outside the political boundaries of
Possible the greater number choose the Serbia, form one race with the Serbians
latter way as it is the easiest. One need and speak the same language. The prin- ciples of nationality and of the liberty
not be an admiral of, the fleet to know of small peoples, in the name of which
that stopping a vessel which travels under water is a very different matter from the Allies are fighting, would, in them-
stopping one that travels on the surface. selves, require that we should regard the
As you pass through these huge juac-
Hazy weather, and there is a good deat movement for Bouthern Slav unity with tions, criss-crosted with an incessant the anime favour which we shoved in eddy of trains that divide up and move The British infantry have victoriously of that in the North Bea, helps the sub- past generations to the movement for
On again, of locomotives bellowing under occupied the shell-mangled trenches from marine tremendously; so does the dark- Italian unity. But even if this ideal the load of human masses in movement, which they have evicted the Bothe. Thes. Under cover of this she can slip through places where the amalicat sur- consideration be overlooked, the British of immenso convoys packed with singing work of consolidating the captured posi face ship would be unable to pass unde- people has a direct interest in a proper soldiers, you cannot prevent thoughts tion is proceeding feverishly. settlement of the Serbian question, that, from arising. Soldiers and more soldiere, is filled with the swish of bullets from tocted. The U-boat need not show even is, in the unification of the Serbo-everywhere and all the time; multitudos the Gergian machine-guns, which play the thin stick of her periscope. Croatian or Southern Blav race.
of soldiersall Russia is in arms 1 Yes ceaselessly on the cover their adversaries despite all the dificulties, and the are with difficulty erecting. material complications to which the pro- longation of the war has given rise, here as everywhere else, this swift passage through Russia-being, as it were, a snapshot record as one superficial and yet synthetic of the interior of the coun- try-produces a reassuring impression.
How many people in the British Em pire understood, in July, 1914, that the Austro-German attack upon Serbin was directed in reality against the British Empire How many perceived that it was designed, by securing the Austro German road to the East, to undermine our potion in Egypt and India Very
fow.
to them.
MASSED AGAINST THE ENEMY.
The air
These machine-guns, at present, make a further advance impossible; and offi- cers are carefully locating their position. As soon as the various emplacements they occupy have been detected, information will be sent back to the gunners, enabling them to knock them out.
The officer in command of a certain section of the captured trench has com pleted his observations and writes a short despatch-in triplicate, for good reasons.
Runner" he ejaculates,
Owing
She can lay a compass course and steer by it when wholly submerged, and if sho have the luck to escape anares that beset her she need not come to the surface until it is fairly safe to do so. to the facilities afforded by the Kiol Canal any U-boat which finds the Elbe passage barrod against her can easily avail herself of the Baltic route, where there is neutral water.
•
is
On so the British Navy is powerful The truth was, and is, that, apart from
You have a real feeling that the
enough to do anything it pleases, but moral considerations, there are in Europe
it does not abuse its power. The Hun certain countries which, by the accident colossal Empire is at this very moment
A man immediately approaches him.
has never hesitated to infringe neutral making the maximum effort that it is in of their geographical position, possess an
"Take this to the 0.0." says the offi-
waters when he could banofit himself by cer. You'll find him at farm. importance far greater than that which its power to make; and that effort, as
is only logical, in view of its contem: You'll have a tough job, I'm afraid."
doing so. Great Britain scrupulously their population and the extent of their
porary social state, lies principally and national territory would otherwise assign above everything in the concentration
"Very good, sir,'
treturns the runner refrains from any such violation, even Such countries are, for in-
briskly. There is nothing in his tone though she may lose by it. Whether this of its great human masses, that magnito denote that he is about to attempt an attitude of meticulous scrupulosity stances, Belgium and Serbia. They mayficent Nature-given strength that hore
almost hopeless task.
wholly wise or not may be debatable.. be called, in a sense, "key" countries.
enormously outweighs the strength
The moment he starts for the rear heHowever that be, we maintain it; the Just as the existence of an independent
knows that the enemy snipers and Hun knows this, and having a conscience Belgium is vital to the safety of Great engendered from Applied Science
As you traverse these immense regions machine-guns will concentrate upon him. like a parched pea, he takes advantageo Britain and of France and to the main- tenance of that balance of political and the richest in life of the great Russian Even if he escapes these he will still have of our respect for international obliga tions. Therefore, the pirate turned back economic force which is the only sure Empire, and as you reflect on the fact a terrific barrage to traverse.
at the Elbe need only proceed to the safeguard of European freedom, so that the whole valid population of this Serbis, who holds on land the European vast portion of the earth's surface is
Cattegat and there wait his opportunity, and he will have a good chanet of get- gate to the East, stands in a position of way over there towards the West, decisive importancs. Henco the need for massed, or about to be massed, in front
ting out. Once into the Atlantic things are pretty easy for him. real understanding of the position of of the common enemy, you suddenly
awash when it is safe to do so, as it is Serbia and for taking measures to realise with a more poignant clearness
for the greater part of the way, sub- render it impregnable against all those than ever before the full magnitude of
merging when caution demands this, he who, from luat of conquest or of political the cataclynur that has shaken this old Europe of ours, and you fall moutally domination, may wish to overthrow it.
finds little trouble in getting across to "the other side" and the friends that It is to promote such knowledge and into a sort of mystic reverie.
await him.. understanding of the position of Berbia and of the necessity of Southern Slav anion, that the Serbian Society of Great Britain has been formed. When the prob tem is rightly understood, the measures to be taken will become clear.
--PRISONERA AT WORK
Waiting a few moments till there is lull in the enemy's fire, he sprints across the open. The officer turns away briskly te superintend the work of consolidation, "Ho's but swings round at the cry: down, sir."
A glance confirme the words, and the officer takes another despatch from his
haversack.
"Runner!" he reclaims in a mechani- cal tone.
"Yes, sir!"
The officer repeats his previous orders. "Need I take my rifle and bandolier, sir! inquires the runner.
"No, leave 'em behind. Snips'!!! returns his superior genially,
is not this real name, though
Travelling
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And he must have friends there. Of that there can be no "possible probable shadow of doubt, no shadow of doubt whatever." The assertion that U-boats operating off the American coast are be ing supplied by submersible auxiliaries NETH,
Austria-Hungary, supported by Gor. full liberty, with indolent mien and he is so-called by the men, and by his which run to them from German ports
These
"Snips officers too on occasions such as this Below middle height, he is young and of wiry build, with a sharp, intelligent face. On the football field he has achiev
sounds very unconvincing. Anyways no sailor could be "spoofed into believing
If this were their only source of be starved into inactivity. Most people "feeding" the pirate craft would soon in considering the question of submarines" supplies focus their mind on oil and let it stay fixed there. But a U-boat needs other things besides the oil which it is comparatively easy to give her. She must have ammunition for her guns and torpedoes for her tubos.
The Austrian prisoners, who literally swarm in the South of Russia, seem to have a particularly good time in Kiev. They wander about pleasantly and in many, attacked Serbia, not because she inhaling their tobacco - smoke.
and the Serbians is Sorbians, but Austrian prisoners, who are treated in becauso Sorbia blocked the Austro Russia with a gentleness that is to be the ligation of the German scheme to them, practise every sort of professioned fame, and at inside-right has in the Berman road to the East and impeded explained by the Slav origin of many of
btain mastery of the whole stretch of throughout Southern Russia, they are, past brilliantly helped to uphold the territory from Hamburg to Baghdad, the according to sircumstance, harvesters, regimental team. Persian Gulf, and the Indian Ocean. In labourers, masons, officers' orderlies, can- There is a cheery smile on his face as teen mea, road makers, messengers, or he gets over the parapet to make a ran order to weaken Serbian resistance
this other field-in this grimmer Austro-German policy had for many catdrivers. Everywhere you ag their en years left no means untried to divide blue-grey uniforms and their kind of game. Instead of starting straight for and morally to enfeeble the various bran- accordion-képi and their pipes; every his destination he sprints off at a ches of the Southern Slav race. If, not where they seem to have a common charae tangent, then, turning in a flash, darts
A whole feet of submersible auxiliaries withstanding these efforts and the losses teristic-horror of over-exertion, a gentle in another direction. The machine-guns incurred in the two Balkan wars of 1912 disposition towards dreamy contemare rattling away incessantly. The men would be needed to keep U-boats on the cease their work for a moment to watch, other side of the Atlantic even moderately and 1913, Serbia was able to resist single-plation.
as Snips" twista and turns, dashes and well supplied with these war stores, and baaded and victoriously for more than a
darts in different directions, but all the there is no such feet in existence. The DEVELOPMENTS EXPECTED. year the repeated attacks of Austria
time drawing nearer to his goal.
U-boats cannot continue their depreda- only succumbing when assailed simultane-
Here, then, am I back in the Midi"; "Good old Snips! Doan't pass, laadtions off the American coast unless they ously in front and in flank by Austria, the Midi of Russia, which is in every Take the ball on yoursen 1"
obtain supplies from some base there, Germany, and Bulgaria-how much more way the same as that of all the rest of Such wore the laughing shouts which possibly a floating one ship that an
followed him. The rattle of the machine- effective would be her resistance were Europe. At this very moment, as I am her 4,000,000 inhabitants strengthened by
port. Anyway, the goods will not be com- union with the other branches of the writing these lines, I am warm, in fact guns seems to increase in fury at their loads her cargo and then goes back to
Suddenly "Snips
pitches forwarding from Germany (it is unlikely that Southern Slay race outside Serbia, who uncomfortably so; yet when I was still impotence to stop that dodging figure.
on the Northern front, "I was glad to
headlong. number some 8,000,000 7 A solid black of envelop myself in a thick overcoat in
A husky groan comes from they are even now), and that is the point for John Bull to sit down and ponder population and of territory would thus anticipation of the heavy furs of winter. the trench he has just left. be created athwart the German line of The Northern front, and, indeed, the
"Runner!" ejaculate the officer in overs-Daily Mail. the same toneless voice as before. conquest, a block cemented by ties of Centre, too, is from now on a world of
But a cry of :: geographical continuity, of race, and of incessant downpours and mud; a world in which the soaked soil melts away under the tread of feet, and will not solidify again until the frost comes.
Innguage.
#
All the great European Allies are equally interested in creating this strong bulwark against the establishment of
The Southern front, on the contrary, German rule in Europe---Russia, because stretching from Kovel to Rumania, is Southern Slav, unity would mean the much more like the French front, will liberation from a foreign yoke of many remain practicable for the course of an millions of oppressed Slavs; Great autumn nearly as long as our own, and Britain, because the constitution of an will hardly be in the grip of the hard other united nation in Europe would frosts before December 1st. Here, there be in accordance with our traditional fore, in these Russo-Rumanian confines policy, and because a complete Southern and in Galicia, as I have long foretold, Blavia (Jugoslavia") would help to we may logically expect great military guard the Adriatie and the Meditor-events to develop; and already, as I am ranean, as so independent Belgium helps writing these words, Halicz, the south- to guard the Narrow Sena France,en bulwark of Lamberg, is wavoring because her interests and traditions are under the Russian blows. in this respect identical with our own;! and Italy, because the principle of
"Good lad! Good old Snips!" causes him to glance quickly in that direction; and he sees his runner again dashing un,
Lay doggo in a shell-hole to kid the Boche gunners," explains one of the men with pride.
*TIN SICKNESS" IN GERMANY.
There are
According to travellers from Germany remarkable disease is spreading in many parts of the country, especially in Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne, A few moments later "Snips" was out caused by the continual feeding from The sickness is called of danger of the machine guns, but an preserved foods even greater menace lay ahead. The
*tin Bickness," oвemy were putting dense barrage be- It is considered to be a very serious tween him and his destination. He kept form of blood poisoning. on running till he reached the shrapnel thousands of cases reported in every sprayed zone he must traverse. Then he large city in Germany, although the Aauthorities exercise a very strict control deliberately slowed down to a walk. runner, according to their own code, may over the tins used for preserved food. run under rifle but not shell fire. Luck was with Snips," for he passed through the inferno unscathed and delivered his go forward, and does so, though slowly despatch.
and suffering agony. 'Snips" is on his way back, bearing Shrapnel falls on every side of him a written message from the O.C.. He with ominous" phuta," He struggles on astionality, to which she owes her exist the President, to promote knowledge of realises that the enemy shell fire is even and on dizzily, and well aware that he enco, would again be vindicated and all these factors and interests; and while greater than before as he reaches the has lost idea of direction. By sheer will- #ndicated in a manner that would gain
He trudges sturdily through power he staggers forward. her a valuable ally and free her from endeavouring to do this work in Great barrage.
it, Buddenly with a gasp of pain he hears a buzz of voices and he is gripped
hand. any fear of German domination in the Britain and throughout the British falls to the ground. For a moment he by a strong
Commonwealth, to co-operate with Adriatic and would secure for Northern-
writhes with ageny, then with his clasp Steady, lad, you've come to the front The first aid' is the other Italy the advantage of possessing an in-kindred societies at home and abroad knife he rips the cloth around his kner, trench portant section of a new Allied railway engaged in similar taska Like those laying bare a ragged wound Though way," exclaims an officer to whom he is
the Serbian Society sims at out his unknown. political reconstruction of Europe in such bandages and stoically binds it up. For an instant "Baips'" pain-drawn
■ manner as to assure the freedom of With an effort he stands up on his face lights up, as with a lurch he thrusts small nations, and thereby to create a sound leg, and his face twists as he puts out his despatch.
I'm s guarantee against any renewal of the the other to the ground. He means to
runner, sir," he murmurs present German attempt to obtain the
dazedly; then slides limply to the mastery of the world.
(Continued at foot of next Column.) ground.-B. W.
Exst
It is the object of the new Serbian Bociety, of which the Earl of Cromer is (Continued at foot of next Column.)
When he
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