THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 19TB, 1916.
GUARANTEEING THE WORLD'S THE WAR A BLUNDER FROM
PEACE.
MR. WILSON ON THE DUTY OF HIS COUNTRY.
The following signed statement from the President of the U.8.A. was shown last month upon the screens of those theatres which exhibit war pictures
"The nations of the world must unit in joint guarantees that whatever is done that is likely to disturb the whole world's life must first be tested in the court of the whole world's opinion before it is attempted, and the United States must be ready to join in the guarantee and back it by her whole force and influence, A settled and secure peace can be made sure of in no other way when the present war is over—WOODROW WILSON.
THE START.
REMARKABLE INTERVIEW IN A
VIENNA PAPER
THE AIMS OF ROUMANIA.
AN INTERVIEW WITH THE KING.
MESSAGE TO ALLIES.
[FROM STANLEY WASHBURN, THE TIMES
SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT WITH THE ROUMANIA ARMIES]
Bugarest, October 10th. King Ferdinand, in a series of con- on the situation to be as follows: versations with me, has stated his opinion
SIR H. SMITH-DORRIEN ON EXERCISERS THAT KEEP YOU FIT.
1
WAR AND MORALS.
THE TONE OF THE STAGE.
General Sir H. Smith-Dorrien, speak- The bitter opposition speeches in the
ing at Islington Central Library on Oct. Hungarian Parliament have created just
7th, Baid it might sound rather cgotie- a little uneasiness in Germany and among
tical, but he thought thas the soldiers the German elements in Austria. Every
realized almost sooner than anybody Vienna papers to explain away macy of offort is being made by the Berlin and
that the war must take place Germany the things that have been said, bat it does
was increasing her services to an un- reasonable degree unless she was com not take much reading between the lines...
At a time when our enemies are mitted to some very great war. 1 Before to perceive that a very and impression has striving by every malicious means within the war he had a conversation with a been left by the debates at Budapest. In their power to misrepresent before the Cabinet Minister on the question of better the discussions one Hungarian deputy world the attitude of Roumania in this equipment, especially in machine guns, made the following declaration -- war, it is fitting and proper that the for the Army. The Minister said, "Oh, "In Austria a pamphlet is being eir-world should realize, and clearly under General, you are afraid of the Germans culated which is from the pen of an officer stand, what Roumania stands for in this and he replied, I am afraid of no in the Austro-Hungarian army.
great conflict, and why she has entered pamphlet sets itself to prove that the reality, is the genius of our people and The Minister said, I know perfectly This the way at this time; and what country against which we may be pitted Austro-Hungarian Monarchy will be split the sacrifices and dangers with which well you have got Germany at the back unless you do not equip us properly." up after the war.
The speeches that have our country is faced when entering the of your mind; I know the Germans in- import of Mr. Lloyd George's notice to been delivered in the Hungarian Parlia inaelstrom where the giants themselves tirately, and the first time they are ment are described as appeals to the Hun-are clutched in a life-and-death struggle. from Austria, which in her turn will mere policy of expediency, nor has her greatest example of crass cowardice the garians to revolt. Hungary will separato Roumania has not been moved by engaged in wae you will witness the enter the German Bundesrat."
world has ever seen." He would not tell them the end of the conversation.
Mr. Taft, who, as Mr. Wilson does in the foregoing statement, accepts the full the world that the present war must be fought to a finish, saye of the League to Enforco Peace after the War-
"We realize that, in proposing that the United States should take part in creating this proposed league of nations, we are asking the country to make a radical departure from the policy it has consistently pursued since Washingtoo, We believe if Washington were living to-day he would not consider the league an entangling alliance. Contrast our present world relations with those which we had in Washington a time; it would clear that conditions have so changed as to justify the seeming de parture from the advice directed to so different a state of things.
sceni
One may reasonably question whether the United States by uniting with other great nations to prevent the recurrence of a future world war may not risk less in assuming the obligations of a member of the league than by refusing to become such member in view of her world-wide interests. But even if the risk of war to the United States would be greater by entering the league than staying out, does not the United States have a duty as a member of the family of nations to run this risk to make less probable the coming of another such war!"
ELECTORAL
REFORM
CONFERENCE.-
The Speaker's invitations for the con- ference on electoral reform were received early last month. The actual terms of reference to the conference follows:--
aro as
To examine and, if possible, submit agreed resolutions on the following
malbers:-
(a) Reform of the franchise. (b) Basis for redistribution of sents. (e) Reform of the system of registra
tion of electors. (2) Methods of elections and the man ner in which costs of elections should be borne, This is as wide a fold us any reformer could desire (says. The Times), and the outcome will be awaited with the greatest interest. One of the four questions, that of registration, is so urgent that every- body will hope for a speedy report.
SCIENCE AT OXFORD.
DEAN OF CHRIST CHURCH ON
'COMING' CHANGES.
In Convocation at Oxford letters were
read from the Chancellor of the Univer sity, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, re num nating the Very Rev. Dr. T. B Strung, Dean of Christ Church, na Vico- Chancellor for the ensuing. year, this being his fourth and final year of office.
In these few words we have a pretty fair summary of what is evidently pass ing beind many minds in Germany and Hungary.
..
determination to cater this war been the outcome of any cynical material policy, or of bad faith to the Central Powers, but it has been based on the biggest prin ciples of nationality and of national One of the most refreshing references to
ideas. In every nation there are elemen Hungarian discontent is made in an in-rather than political. In Roumanin, as tal public opinions which are instinctive terview with a foreign officer that is
in Russia, the tie of race and blood published by the Neue Freie Presse. This underlies all other considerations, and the officer, whose mentality is strangely par appeal of our purest Roumanian blood tisan for a "foreigner," admits that the that lies beyond the Transylvanian Alps Hungarian critics are fairly outspoken, has ever been the strongest influence in But what of that Criticism is universal. the public opinion of all Roumania from In France, Russia, England, and Italy the Throne to the lowest peasant. attacks have been made against Joffre, Barrail, Nicholas, Kuropatkin, Brassiloff that the supreme command in Russia, French and Cadorna.. "Don't forget France and England has been changed either formally or practically." short, s Parisian or a Londoner or citizen of Petrograd, reading the Hun garian speeches, might well any: comme chez nous."!
"Tout
In
Referring to his campaign for the suppression of everything of a suggestive or indecent nature on the stage, at the cinema, and in newspapers, post cards, from the Army point of view and had and novels, be said be started it purely taken it up on material and not religious grounds. There was undoubtedly a much lower tone now than there was some in the best theatres did their utmost to little time ago. A good many managers keep the stage pure and he honoured that held millions of our blood in per entirely against those who had what ho "Inasmuch as Hungary was the master them for it. His campaign was directed been our traditional enemy. The Bulgar, necessaries, and there were a good many petual political bondage, Hungary has would call indecent and suggestive un- with his efficient and unquestionably of them. He believed that there were to defend, has, logically, become our courageous army on a frontier difficult lower in London than in the country. southern menace, and as a latent threat the subject, and his correspondence had He received 60 or letters a day on has been accepted secondarily as a poten-now run into thousands of lettere. From tial enemy.
Canadian he had received the follow-
"MISTAKES ALL BOUND,”
"Against Germany there was at the ing He then goes to the root of the matter: perhaps, friendship, for, economically. beginning of the war no hostility, rather, "The Hungarian Opposition declares Germany was an asset to the development that mistakes have been made. Good. of our industries and a potent inatru- Bay to them: All Europe, when it took ment in forwarding the prosperity of our up arms, made a mistake; even in the country For the French we have the very fact that it took up arms. Only those sympathy of a kindred blood, while for nationa have a prospect of coming out England Roumanians have ever had the victors which have kept well out of the respect due to a great Empire based on world war-the more out of it the better. justice, whose sway has ever spelled pro sperity built on the principles of ethics, morals, and equity.
arms
"Diplomats, soldiers, economists each and all of them started in August, 1914, would be laid down again after three. under the false impression that months. Kitchener alone foresaw its long continuance.
mand fell into the error of supposing a "Every other statesigan and army com- speedy ending of the war, and in that idea they directed their policy and the tempo of the war operations. For when at the beginning of August hostili. three months was everyone prepared
man power weapons, munitions, ambul- tics' were opened -prepared in respect of ance material and drugs Buficient for three months were the equipment, the tele phone material, supply of motor cars, for trees supply, strength in men and in the course of three months decisions were sought in Poland, Galicia and France.
That was the great, the original mis take. All fell into it without exception: Russia, France, and England, just as much as Austria-Hungary. And just as tbey all shared in the error, so in equal measure are they sharing in the evil con- Bequences."
This amazingly frank officer goes into detail on minor mistakes, and lays stress in particular on the offensive against Italy. This be describes as a stroke of genius only-it came six weeks too late." In short, the war is one blunder from beginning to end. And this applies to all countries.. Consequently criticisms here and there and on this point and thai, are of little importance.
FOR A "BETTER FUTURE,"
GERMAN REBUKE OF PAN-GERMANISM,
The Frankfurter Zeitung condemns the Pan-German in BI article headed "Chauvinism," in which it says the soying of Clausewitz has often been cited since the war began that war is the continuation of policy with other means. According to this dictum, European policy has led to a European war, and one can conclude from it as to the character of the policy. Those who do not think this war to be desirable must draw the conclusion that the policy was bad.
The Frankfurter expresses the opinion that Europe after the war will be funda- mentally in no other position than before unless the policy of wielding power as nation yields to quite another policy, in which it naturally cannot be a matter of getting rid of the principle of power, but of making a power of the spirit of morality and of law, ita counterpoise and corrective.
Plays are shown
you have appealed to the public-con-- Thank you for the manner in which science on what many Canadians, at any rate, have considered one of the crying shames of England. night after night to crowded houses the lots of which are hinged on, many of the supposedly witty sayings hang on, and the bases of many of the songs de pended on, nothing but the indecent and the vulgar. It is not from any sense of better than thou that I write, but plays euld not be down in Canada, simply as a matter of fact, that such and if shown would be hissed off the are going home after the war with the stage. A great many of the Causdians idea that iniquity. It is practically all they have England is a hotbed of seen of it. Followers-on of the camps hood, and when the men go to the theatre have taught disrespect for the woman-
grit which is shown there. I have the spirit of the camp hangers-on is the heard ladies from Canada repeatedly any that had they known list the con- ditions are here they would never have allowed the s01
HATE OF PRCEBIANISM. manian sympathy was not with Germany, "At the beginning of the war Rou
yet there was not instant hostility, for grudge. With the progress of the great against Germany Roumania had no war there began to grow upon Roumanin moral issue in regard to the war, and this issue may well be termed the enemy based on the principles that might is point of view-a point of view which is
and that small nationalities exist merely right, that the means justify the end, as the pawns for the use of the Central Powers in the advancement of their own industrial and commercial aims. As the war developed the enemy theory of fright fulness and lawlessness, which they have Law as a legitimate method of conducting attempted to write into International come. war, came to affect opinion deeply... had not affected our life, and was with has been made clear in the first month of Still, it remained something which relief of her own people in Transylvania us merely a repulsive idea, if also a threat to our own institutions, Bar with the
the war. Bukarest has been wantonly feel the subtle force of enemy intrigue aeroplanes day after day. Hundreds of progress of the war Roumania began to and cruelly bombarded by Zeppeling and endeavouring in every way to force us into the war against our real interests,
women and children have been killed and using every argument to make the worse the streets of our defenceless cities, in mangled as they walked harmlessly about appear the better cause.
the innocent the penalty of a sound and order that the enemy might exact from just action on the part of the Roumanian
or brother to have
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ANDREW
If the world would know the true stability of Boumanian character let the world realize that during the whole of Government. 1915-with Russia apparently beaten, and with England and France at a standstill, as the enemy might well have fought *The effect of these acts has been such and with Austria, Turkey, and Bulgaria battles to provent. backed by German battalions operating overnight created a bitterness which has The enemy almost in the Balkans-Roumanians were true to enlisted against him the whole nation, -66 their better instinets, and could not be which makes peace without victory an seduced from their neutrality,
THE CHOSEN TIME.
ין
niter impossibility to Roumania, and this is the case with every country that has entered the war against the Central Powera.
NO BAVAGE REPRISALS,
The Vice-Chancellor, in his address, said that about 10,000 members of the University were serving in the Army and Navy, and nearly 600 were in Govern
"If Roumania has been criticized for ment employment in other ways. Nine
inactivity heretofore let the world con- Victoria Crosses, 120 D.S.Os., 267 M.Ca.,
sider Ronaania's position. 700 Mentions in dispatches, four Dis
Power with a small Army, surrounded by A small tinguished Conduct Medals, two Dis
giants, faced a practical problem. With tinguished Service Crosses, and 48
a Western frontier nearly 700 miles long, which the enemy is attacking us and the "Notwithstanding the savagery, with foreign Orders had been obtained; 1,230
which alone is greater than the English cruelty with which our defenceless women were reported killed and 103 missing
and French fronts combined, and a Bul- and our innocent little children are being The country was finding that Professurs
garian frontier almost undefended near massacred, this Government will endeav and long were not infrequently practical
her capital stretching for other hundreds our to prevent bitterness from dominat- en of afairs. Might they hope that
of miles in the south, and with Rassining our action in the shape of reprisals this lesson would prove permanent, and
in retreat Roumanian action would have against prisoners or defenceless non- the conventional Oxford would disappear
resulted in the instaat aunihilation of comt tants; and to this end orders have from fiction and journalistio fetter
this small country.
"Roumania has waited for the time of previous provocation, those who fall press 7-
been issued to our troops that, regardless Referring to the Statute concerning
when she could act with reasonable assur into our hands shall be treated with kind- the Honour School of Chemistry, he
ance of protecting herself and of having the support of her great Allien. She has pass, for it is not the common soldiers said it was an attempt on the part of
not waited a moment. longer; and when nor the innocent people who must be held the University to meet one of the educa
she enters the war now she stakes her responsible for the policy adopted by the tional needs which the war had brought
estire future on the courage of her people enemy Governments to notice. They had neglected sadly
and on the support, economic and mili the claims of natural science in educa
tary, of her greater Allies, upon whom that acts performed in the present must "The Roumanian Government believes tion and they must in some way remedy
she depends for the preservation of her be of such a nature as to be approved by this. It was hot merely that they wanted
national life or provaTION OF to produce more advanced students of
the generation that follows, which will antúral science; they wanted everybody,
̈“A mall country in a great war which judge us from & perspective uninfluenced including the average people, who would After referring appreciatively to Pro-Prom sto
promises to last for at least another year by the bitterbess and the chaos of the Row be advanced students of anything, to fessor Föreler, of Munich, recently the and the consumption of her resources." be aware of or in some degree to under object of so much hostility, the Frank But such has been and is the confidentment wishes to conduct the war, though|
"It is in this spirit that the Govern stand the scientific point of view. He furter says that the pretext that a better of Roumania in the faith in her cause. the policy of our enemy renders it in- did not think this would be easy, because future depends upon the enemy is as and such has been and is the faith increasingly dificult to préserve restraint it would mean in the end a great cheap as air; it also depends on Germans; her Allies, that with them she has cast in psychological change in the nation; they also on the arising in all countries of her lot, assured in the conviction that would have to give up the profound dis voices indicating the necessary funde her great Allies will see that she prove trust of expert knowledge which prevailed mental thoughts of a future different not to be the third of the snall Powers so widely among them. At the same time, from what has been. The Frankfurter in that is destroyed in this great conflict. it was perhaps legitimate to express the siste that Germany will defend herself hope that if they set out on this adven against and overcome her enemies with with no relization of how the Centra Serbia and Belgium entered the war turous course of reform they would all practical means only proceed on their own lines and not state of mind could doubt it. But this tries in arms against them. Roumania,
diseased Powers would deal with the small coun attempt to import German methods and state of mind has its roots in the has no such illusions, for the realizes but German rigidity of type into their system nationalist displacement of national too clearly that the enemy would make of education without serious and delibe thought accustomed so much to think every acrifice to obliterate her from rate criticism. And further, it must be only of power and forco as to become Europe, as has been done with Berbia and hoped that they would remember that thenafit for every kind of action. Happily with Belgium majority of their educated men would be such circles, which are essentially the engaged in the work of the Empire, that same as those of which neutrals say that was in administration, For such the they be in the German complicity in the knowledge that was most necessary of world war, are not in a position to decide all, if the Empire was to continue und Germany's late, and with it that of the earstice, and to fight for the prosper, was the knowledge of men, Europe.
•NTIFORANCE ON ROUMANIA-
"That themy crave for vengeance againattia for daring to espouse
(Confilizza at foot of next Column)
momen
among our troops and our people,
"The Roumanians will not falter in their allegiance to the cause, nor can the enemy wear them from their faith in England the Just, in France their Latin
deighbour. brother, and in Russia their immediate
spite of their existing exigencies and of "Yet the Roumenians pray that, in
their own huge problems, the Allies will not allow the affairs of Roumania, who has stated her all in this conflict, to pass to the back of their minds and suffer that the mes the fate either of Belgiam
*** We have taken the responsibility of entering the war, and we feel sure that altes will see to it that their syszpatky and their support will be ever beland as whils the war endures."
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