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LORD MILNER'S SUGGESTION.
ABSOLUTE NEED OF POLITICAL
UNION IN THE EMPIRE,
A few weeks ago a representative of the Philadelphin Public Ledger called upon Lord Milner in London, and asked him what he thought of a plan for the promo- tion of world peace by means of a union
In Loudou and I am very certain, anys a Timer correspondent, in Bertin, in Paris, in Petrograd, and in Vienna also new figure has appeared in the»! social world, of great currency and viva city there. One may call him the Lain- chcon Thriller. Ho is variously ranked and stationed according to the society which he frequents; but his headquarters are the War Office and the Admirally. He may be a general or olerk, a politi cian or a censor, an ex-something or other, or one of those highly unperma- nent officials who seem to enjoy for a few days or weeks at a time almost the of the Entente Allies, in which the supreme direction of the war, But what-United States should join. ever be his rank or station, he is always **I believe," he replied, "that England on duty between the hours of 1.30 and 3; and the United States should fully re- and his headquarters are the luncheon cognize the fact which has been demon- tables, of his friends. He is a confirmed strated a this war, and which really had. and epicurean free fooder; and one of been demonstrated long before the war the few possibilities of minor social subegan, that alrealy in a sense they are cers open to hostesses nt the moment in to annex a Thriller during his few weeks of hey day and collect at table a few. select people to hear things" at first hand. The Thriller is not only particn- lar, about his food, but about his and ence. He prefers it to be feminine as being more easily thrilled and less likely to ask awkward questions; he insists that & due proportion of it shall be beautiful. You may meet him anywhere between Pimlico and Tyburnia; he prefers to go not farther south than Belgrave square. or north of Upper Brook-street, A cer tain importance of setting is demanded; aud this can best be secured in the estab lishment of a friendly resident neutral say Ainerican of whom patriotism has not demanded that she should dispense with those outward trappings of luxury that so greatly facilitate the gathering together of two or three in these busy and hard-driven times.
interdependent.
What I especially stand for is the closes possible union between the various States under the British Crown. Always I have aimed, as well as I have been able, at the accomplishment of this. night seen to strike away from closer te lationship between Great Britain and the United States: I do not think it need do that.
This
Empire-England. The problem is gigan- tic. How are we to get a Government which will be truly representative of the interests and sentiments of all parts of the Empire!
"We cannot expect Canada, Australia and New Zealand always to follow the lead of the Home Government, and I, for The one, neither expect nor desire it, leadership, if we are to avoid misuuder standings and injustices, and especially if we are to avoid inefficienes and waste, must be in a body which represents the whole Empire and in the creation of which the whole Empire actually par- ticipates."
PARLIAMENT'S VAST TASK.
We were siting in the library of Lord Milner's house, just back of Westminster Abbey, and not far from the Parliament Buildings. Lord Milner pointed through the window.
The only Empire, leadership there is at present," he remarked, "is in that Parliament. The British dominions ex- tend quite around the world, yet that Parliament is elected exclusively by the people of Great Britain and Ireland.
.
the split occurred. But the fact venisine> that we have many things, in common. One is that we are largely, though not wholy, of the game stock. Another is one of the paramount features of both Bri tish and American psychology-neither people will tolerate cruelty or oppres
on, neither will consent to brutalization of the weak by the strong. Anything like. inhumanity, even if justified by legality or logic, is intensely repugnant to therm but. I think that trait is more distinc tive of them even then the love of free- dom. No doubt they both may lay claims doubt, some others with equal truth. to that, but so do other nations, and no
There is another point of similarity. ter the one I have just mentioned. It is the spirit of tolerance, which leads hotl peoples to put up with a great deal rather than to dragoon the individual, or han
on the principles of governance by per- suasion rather than by force,
This has its odious developments, no. doubt. Both countries tolerate extra- vagances and aberrations of individual idiosyncrasy which would be ropulsive to the best Latin and Teutonic minds; but the advantages of the Anglo-American psychology more than offset its draw- backs.
CLAPTRAP OUR BESETTING SIN.
"Can any one with reason way that the smalt rody of men in that Parliament, almost all of them born and bred in the
I am aware, that such talk may seem United Kingdom, necessarily and inevitsomewhat like self righteousness, and that ably swayed by the local politics of the assumption of superior virtue which, United Kingdom, for the most part little with some reason, has tended to make us, acquainted with the conditions and senti- British and Americans alike, appear Ity- I believe philandering between nations ments of the outlying dominions and depocritical to other nations. I fully to be foolish, but there must never be pe dencies of this vast Empire-can any admit that claptrap is our besetting sin
the another serious quarrel between one say that this body of men is-com-
in this country, and I venture to believe States and England. 1 believe the great-petent to perform the great task with
that some Americans will confess that it is theirs also which is possibly another est disaster in human history was the which it is intrusted? split which separated the American
point of our resemblance. colonies from the home country.
"It has taught us two things-one that it must grow no wider, and the other that a similar split must not be allowed to occur between Great Britain and any of her dominions or colonics.
THE PROBLEM. OF EMPÍRE.
"The great Overseas Dominions have accepted pro hac vice the exclusive con- But in both people we surely find trol of the United Kingdom. They have deep-seated instincts of humanity and willingly subordinated themselves to a tolerance which are not claptrap, because Government which represents Great Bri- they have frequently been put to the test, But they will and nos proved spurious. Consider the tain and Ireland alone. not, they ought not, always to efface dealings of both nations with subject. themselves. If then we are to remain in races. It will be possible to find in the the long future, as we virtually are in British record many instances of indivi- The hostility between the States and this war, a single State, we must have dual cruely and injustice, and your, Law? England was caused by England's efforts a supreing Government over the lot of us, record it not wholly free from such blots; to pauage America's affairs across a dis and deriving its authority from the whole but when the national conssienu of tance of 3,000 miles. Our failure in this lot. As I have said, we cannot rely per either people is aroused it invariably and instance cured us of any disposition to manently upon affection, good fellow-decisively revolts against such practices. In England these reactions of public alienate our remaining colonics by ship, the sentiment of a common origin.
That such influences alone are not opinion have been so constant and so meddlesome interference from
But then there enough to insure that similarly thinking severe that mildnes and clemegy, even in in their local affairs,
excess, have now become a settled prin arose the opposite danger that the re-and aspiring peoples should work effi mainder of the British Empire might go ciently together is proved by the fact ciple of British rule over weaker races. I to pieces as the result of sheer indiffer that the United States and the British believe Americans, in general, have been ce, the loosening and gradual extine Empire are not standing side by side to proud of this fact, feeling it to be to the day in face of the greatest danger which great credit of the pation from which tion of a political ties.
hus ever threatened the principles and they sprang." ideas which are equally dear to them
hoino
EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED, ** The Thriller is always a little late, and his hostess has time to prepare the ground. "Bo-and-so from the War Office, you know; I just asked very few so that he can speak in absolute conf dence,"
When all are assembled the Thriller arrives-serinus, heavy laden, but with an appearance of keeping up of seeing disaster whole, but seeing-it I suppose, we steadily, Hungry, too; must eat," he sighs to his beautiful neigh hour as one of the eligible young men in livery hands the foie gras, and the butler fills his glass with Hocheimer. He talks for a lime paintedly about the weather, or on personal matters; possibly in low tones to one of his neighbours, while the remainder make general converantion as
"In an empire like ours that is a very best they can. It is not until the butler serious danger, far alore serious than it and the eligibles have departed that he could be if our possessions were included both.
ia able to speak at large, says the hostess, doctrine that no political bond need
a glance at
within linked boundaries, Laintez faire, the doors.
Now, you can speak quite freely, General,
The
with
13
STRENGIA OF POLITICAL TIES
If we and you-England and America century and a half, if we had remained
THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN.
Lord Milner then went on to speak of England's work in governing backward peoples. He declared that she was doing America's work as well as her own; in *act, was doing the world's work. Some
added, had shown a bad record in this white man't burden, and Germany, he respect,
Do tell us exactly what happened." And exist between the various parts of the --had had a common Government for a having lit bis Corona the Thriller tells empire, was prevalent when I entered pub
his thrills; how the Fleet only has lic life, the argument boing that separa-aked in the face of the world, thereone, said Lord Milner, must bear the coal for a week; how all the sights of all tion politically, from independent States the
rifles are wrong; how this army has did not matter so long as friendship was would have been no war this year or last rifles but no ammunition, and this one maintained between them. But of lats year; there would be no war next year.
"If this war proves anything, it proves ammunition but to rities; how the tree years there has been a steadily growing facts about Hill 2,000 were that our Army feeling that mere friendly sentiment is the absolute necessity of political union THAN PRUSSIAN STYLE. had no boots and that the Germans afe not a sufficient bond; that the autonomy to insure solidarity of action in all our rations for a week. There can be of the parts, their complete independence struggle for existences... Every where poti think it the most natural thing in the no doubt about all these things; they are of one another in local affairs, must be tical ties have prevailed against bonds berries and
old facts, vollered out amid the straw-supplemented by an organisation which of blood and sentiment. The Slavs of the world that the United States and the Bri-
peaches,
will enable them to be a unit in interna Austrian Empire have marched againsttish Empire should work together. They It is the Thriller's supreme bout. All tional affairs, with a common system of their brother Slavs. The Poles, the have more in common than any other two. those beautiful people hang upon his lips; be devastates them with facts and defence and a common foreign policy.
THE THEILLER AN OPTIMIST.
Danes, even the Alsations, who were amb jects of the Kaiser, hare swelled the Gr man arinics.
On the other hand, Boers, Indians and Africans, over whom the British
For these and many other reasons I
great nations, Standing together they form a power far good which could not but be decisive. The spirit of tolerance,. the desire to live and let live is such a prominen trait in both peoples that
in the other direction. I mean that both, our nations are so tolerant that they
carries them away with bis conviction;
AN EMPIRE OF STATES, it is a kind of intellectual Rape of the Sabines. It is what I have always
This idea has not yet hen realized. said,' says an elderly lethargic person. Nevertheless, all the British peoples now
power and tus unite the rest of the world' rousing himself to finish his port: if are thoroughly agreed that we need to flag flies, have fought for Great Britain they would ever be likely to abuse their
as have Canadians, whether of French of we don't wake up we're done for. And work together; that in dealing with the Briti origin. But millions of Améri-against th
Indeed, I think the danger lies rathar the company disperses to its various reat of the world we should act as one;
cans of pure British origin just across duties. But where the Thriller goes and that when it comes to fighting we
This is not the border have looked on. (except that somebody drops him) or should enter into combat as
a single
said in the spirit of reproach. They are what he does is hidden from mere mortal | State. We have done precisely that in loyal to their own flag and citizenship. I might not give guidance enough to other cognisance.
this war. But for this, it must always be
refer to it only to emphasize the supreme countries. But, after all, that would be. no constitutional importance of the flag, the political tie,better than bullying everybody in the That, of course, is the case of the remembered, there is Thriller as pessimist. Sometimes you
provision."
and to explain why I lay such great russian style.
When I am infuriated by the thought Lord Milner was naked what he thought stress upon maintaining and strengthen of our blunders before the war and in the may meet him as optimist; and as such he has a broader, though perhaps less ex• about the plan for an imperial Parlia-ing the political bond between the differ clusively select, company. It is then that ment, to sit at Westminster, in which ent parts of the British Empire. we hear, from someone who has had a all parts of the empire should be re- Another reason why I am so keen letter from someone who has seen it, of presented.
to see the British Empire remain oneself to be led by the nose, I presently take the authentic funerals of the Crown That is one possible way of realizing political unit, cemented by closer ties, is comfort in the thought that, if u have boon blind and guillible, and far tou easy Prince and the Kaiser; of the Great the ideal," he said, "and the most per nothing more or less than the existence going, we did honestly try to avert the Chain across the Channel; of starving fect way.' I am not prepared to say it is and magnitude and power of the United
world. So far from giving any provoca Berlin, and potatoes sent by the pound the only way. In any case it is not easen-States. I want to see the States and the rest calamity which has befallen the tion to Germany, we unsuspectingly threw by parcels post to the American Embassy tial that the imperial Parliament should British Empire equal, and to see them, as there; of all those vast and imposing it at Westminster.
our whole Empire open to the Germans, sums in substraction, with a most hand-
No people ever gave better treatment or more equal opportunity to the strangers within its gates.
some allowance for all possible margin "The word empire and the word of error, which reduce the German Army imperial imperfectly convey the thought, to a handful of shaking grey-beards, and and, perbapa, have been unfortunately the Austrian Army to a minus quantity chosen. They suggest domination, ascend-
great and equal powers, extend to one another, the earnest, honest hand of friendship.
CONDITIONS PERFECT FOR FRIENDSHIP. "Between the United States and the
|
war, by the weakness of our policy and the way that England has allowed her
"I am sure that if ever I were in a
of some millions. It is then that we meet fancy, the rule of a superior over inferior British Empire there can be real equal-ght plice and found myself the under
HOPES, FOR PEACE OF WORLD.
in very flesh someone who has just seen or vassal States. But British imperial- a Commander-in-chief or Cabinet Ministe of the wandern school (of which I amity, and it is only between Stutes of do I would rather be at the merey of TONGKONG HANSAND REPORTS ter
smilling all over his face; says uno and over shall be one), when speak approximately equal power and status gher than at that of mon of any as my second choice. Of that I am quite of the MEETINGS of theverything is going perfectly; every one ing of the British Empire, think, not of that such friendship can be permanently other race, and I should take Americans
It is imposisble that an LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL
as cheery as can be." It is then that we
me as good a chance as any people in the Semjon, 1915,
hear of the German front line trenches an empire in the old aceptation of the maintained.
term, but of a group of States, independ-equal friendship could exist for all time certain. I am sure Americans would give being filled by men with wooden egent one of the other in local affairs, between the United States and the United and plaster arms; indeed, I should not be surprised to learn that the German although bound together in the defense Kingdom, if it stood alone. We in those world, save possibly my own countrymen. Army has all been killed, and that the of their common interests and the develop small islands have a population of 46,000,000, which will not become much
And I think I can speak with sorea trenches are filled with dead men or stuff-ment of a common civilization.
more numerous. You, the United States, ed figures. And according as our natures Combination of this kind can be ae- and digestions incline, we are impressed complished only through organic union. have 100,0000,000 population and an experience on this point, for all my life pion of unpopular causes. 'Imperialis- by the optimist. or pessimist Thriller and Alliances will not suffice. They can be tent of territory which can well support have been apt to find myself the chum
a vastly greater number.
tie was for a long time misunderstood willingly forget that facts and figures made and annade and never are more have nothing to do with optimism or than nominally lasting.”
"But an equal friendship between your and unpopular. So was national service, pessimism, and are not in themėelves.
country and the British Empire, as a which was denounced as conscription. affected by the angle at which we regard
whole, is possible. The territory underLaiterly, I have ben denounced as a 'Ger- them
the British Bag inhabited by men of the man.' And it is quite true that I was It is all very funny, and it is just as
European race is enormous. The British born i. Germany, that I had a German Empire and the United States shouldgrandmother and a partly German educa- well to see the funny side of it. It has other aspects which are not funny, among
No," said Lard Milner, "we must ad- ever remain two of the great States of tion. More than that, I have a great ap- Neither need fear, neither preciation of the strong poiuts of the them the interesting evidence it affords it that the dominions overseas and the the world.
DAILY PRESS. Övrier Hongkong, 26th February, 1910..
Grand Prize of Honour
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SAN FRANCISCO, 1915
ASAHI-BEER
SOLD EVERYWHERE
RAW MATERIAL FOR UNION.
Does not the present organization of the British. Empire meet all these ra- quirements?"
of our national lack of imgination. It is United Kingdom in their present rela-could look down upon the other, and they Germans, with their patriotism, their only people who are deficient in imaginationship form but the raw material for have common ideals of freedom, human thoroughnes, their fidelity to science aud tion and who cannot see things with the such a unic Perfect union is still disity and justice. The conditions thus are their marvelous gift of organization.
"But I don't think a man is a worse eye of imagination for themselves who tant, even though this war unquestion perfect for an efficient friendship. could swallow such gross stuff. Some ably has brought it nearer and has proved "I do not hesitate to say that in such patriot for being able to recognize the definite image must be held up to such that it is not wholly visionary and unat- a friendship you would have the best strong points of other nations, and even And it is really humorous people which they see through a glass, darkly, and do not know that it is the tainable, as some had argued in the days security that is possible for the peace of of enemies. rose colour or smoke on the glass which before this struggle showed the coms the world. A sympathetic understanding that those who are now raising a huc.and ory about my being German are the very they see, and not the true colour of the unity of interests and ideals and the which would bring this about seems to
same people to whom I have for years and facts themselves.
impulse toward co-operation throughout me wholly practical.. Had it not been for
that historic event which have men years been anathema, and with much the whole empire.
which cannot now more reason, because I was ultra-British "Everything which is happening in toned and the offe In 1908, Lord Fisher wrote in his these days is proving the true copartner be undone, community of race and thean out and out British Imperialist. daughter's birthday book that Germany would be at war with England in 1914, ship of the British people. All parts of fundamental sirailarity of our ideals and that Jellicoe would be the Nelson of the Empire are putting cheerfully into would have held as together as one the Fleet. He justified his prophecy at the common pool all that they have of people.
the time by saying, that by 1914 the Kiel Canal would be enlarged, the German Fleet greatly strengthened, and the finan cial burden in Germany so great that it
must mean War.
men, of effort and of money. But the difficulty about the situation as it stands is that it has no permanent basis. The policy for which all parts of the Empire are fighting is dictated by one part of the
MANY THINGS IN COMMON.
Now the States have absorbed a large non-British population and are rather further apart from us, I think, than when
"That is what I am and always shal! bo. I have given you my reasons for it; my reasons, too, for thinking that British Imperialism, as I conceive it, should ind favour and sympathy in your country, on which, next to my own. I base my hopes for the future freedom and pro- gress and peace of the world.".