FORTUGAL'S PART IN THE
WAR
AN INTERVIEW WITH THE PRESIDENT.
· [BY PAUL, DU BOCHET- },
powera. Although there is a question of
Here we have an explanation of the popularity of the actual President, M. Bernardino Machado.. A republican by unviction, with broad and generous ideas, who knows how to FR his point of view upon others, yet without seening to impose it, he has been able, thanks to the tactful use he has made of his power,
WHAT A GREAT PUSH IS LIKE.
A FIGHTING MAN'S ACCOUNT.
furw..
This
A
Mr. MacGill is the first-perhaps he will be the only our-lo write of the do- ings of the ranks of the British Array from actual experience as a private. That is where he has been lucky, if anyone may be called lucky in the war, in being able to write a brilliant narrative while going through remarkable experiences-for, after all, it is really the private who has He is the most remarkable experiences, the man in the french with all the other men in the trench; he is the man over the parapet with all the other men over the parapet, and lie writes as one of them,
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, AUGUST 21st, 1916.
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According to Mr. F. Cunliffe-Owen A very noisy meeting of the Reichstag "What is a great push like ?"" question has been on countless lips duran American writer who was a personal took place just before its adjournment, friend of the Kaiser up to the outbreak In Portugal the President of the Re-ing thess eventful days, and in his new of war, the American public is keenly when a Socialist deputy, Herr Hoffmana,
work, "The Great Push," Rifleman public does not enjoy very extensive Patrick MacGill gives an answer by de interested in the question" Where will attempted to raise inquiries into the the Kaiser live after the war!" The profit-mongering of certain commercial nferring upon him the right of dis-scribing the Loos offensive. The great subject has its interest as indicating the
He began by expressing his splving the Houses of Parliament, his push of last year, it must always be re- trend of Anerican opinion about the concerns. authority is chiefly moral. He is the membered, was made before the agitation|| probable end of the war.
relief to find that Herr von Batorki was pokesman of the country: his role is to for shells and guns had time to mate
All sorts of conjectures are heard on under the control of the Reichstag, and, seo to the unity of the national policy rialise. In the present push thers is un: both sides of the Atlantic as to what will in the name of the Socialist faction. Herr and to keep the Government and the mu limited artillery and unlimited ammuni- become of the Kaiser after the
Hoffmann went on war
to say that they lion in close contact. But, just because tion. The difference, therefore, between (writes ir. Canliffe Owen in the New greeted him with frank and downright he is tied to a precise function, he is in the great pushes of Suptember, 1915, and Fork Herald). The question appears to distrust, and were waiting to see what puition to exercise a personal pressure of July, 1918, must be borne-in mind when reccome an all-absorbing topic of he would do: We are reckoning on his that is at anne direct, and powerful,
realing the extracts which are given be discussion in London and in Paris, and joining bands with a preying food in-
the consensus of public opinion in both lustry and a profit-mongering agricul expitals seems to be that, having very ture. Indeed, it looks as though the die- prudently invested the greater part of tator is already being dictated to, Else his great wealth in the United States, how could the Government permit the rica. Of course, it is taken for granted surplus of between three and three-and-a- he will ultimately seek refuge in Ame War Lanther Association to make a
Don't say that that he will be defeated, and that the half million pounds?
the Imperial victory of the Powers of the Entente will the surplus flows into
The war associations were be followed by the loss of his throne. No Exchequer, doubt whatever is entertainiet by Grent not founded for the purpose of burdening Britain and her Allies as to the ultimate the nation with the worst kind of an issue of the titanic conflict which has direct taxes in this manner. been in progress for nearly two years, are still worse examples. The association Socialism is rampant in Berlin, he con-
for the utilisation of barley was founded tinues, and indeed in all the cities and seven months ago with a capital of larger towns, as well as in the manufac- £15,000. To-day this sum has increased The Great Push" describes the offen: turing and mining districts of Prussia, to £750,000 £200,000 is invested in war and has even imbued the lower ranks of loan ml £550,000. divided as profits sive from its start to the time when Rifle-
Among the 26 founders. The United man MacGH himself was wounded. Here the army. Now, Socialism, this Pouzeranian Dairies made a usurisas NETH.
on principle, to monarchy, anil, is his description of his first feelings being the case, there is much reason to profit of 20 per cent. in 1915 on a capital when he has gone "over the parapet" believe that the final defeat of Germany of £5,000. Where, then, do we get the To dwell for a moment on the novel and the economie chaos which would in-courage to "revile the unscrupulous position of stand ng where a thousand evitably follow would result, among other American capitalists? They fleece foreign deaths swept by, missing you by a mere things, in the downfall of the monarchy nations, but German capitalists are pre- hair's breadth, would be sheer folly. in Prussia, and in the establishment of aing on their own people! There on the open field of death my life republic at Berlin. Even if the Prussian Naturally these revelations caused was out of my keeping, but the sensa-people were to retain their dynasty after trumiendous agitation in the Reichstag. tion of fear never entered my being.degree improbable, it is difficult to be order by the vice-presideur.
ultimate defeat, which is to the last Herr Hoffmann was repeatedly called to There was so much simplicity and so little effort in doing what I had done,
lieve that the Emperor Wiliam would be
Herr Helfrich got up to reply, but in doing what eight hundred comrades willing to remain on the throne under after hotly contendsug that the rich were
such altered conditions. Moreover, her had done, that I felt I could carry through the work before me with as appreciates by now the fact that not only suffering as much as the poor, and citing much credit as my code of self-respectans themselves, hold him primarily retable for many weeks, he avoided, the most foreign nations, but even the Geramid loud assent, the interesting fact that he had seen no butter on his own **required.
sponsible for the present war and for all
in the esteem and respect of all. His past, the high functions of his office, the preponderant, part he land play ed in late events-all this was bound to give a special value to whatever he had in say. So my first business on reaching Lisbon was to make a request for au audience; it was immediately granted.
· MATERIAL AND FINANCIAL HELP.
1 betook myself. therefore, to the Pres siduey. It is at Belem, on the banks "of the Tagus; an old redthateau, surround- ed with terraces, My welcome was simple and cordial.
Portugal's part in the war!" the President" echoed with a smile. * But whave been doing our share for quite a long time, now, and have pretty well shown what we intend to do. Not only have we dispatched cofumsi after column 1 Africa, there to co-operate with the Allied troops. but we have also furnish ed much material of war. Our ports everywhere have been open to the Entente Heels; we have, too, very often supplied hows teat. Just as we are supplying Gibraltar The pecuniary sacrifices for the come "ause to which we have con; Bented up now are considerable. And our army, organised and reinforced, will soon be ready for any sacrifice that may be domanded of it anywhere.
ן.
urst asked the President for his view. of the dearestic situation of the country,
In Portigal, ton," he said, and his voice had an accent of absolute-convic tion, de hare established the truce of parties. One of the three great, Republi en parties has declined to associate itself with the new Governmental combination, but it is promised us its patriotic sup port. A the Republicans at the present momen are animated with the same cou- fidence and the same hope. For the very life and fatum of the country are stake. But we are all of us persuaded in our hearts that it will come out of the ordeal regenerated and nobler.
As for the Monarchist danger, it no. longer exists. There is no longer a Monarchist party, but only a few isolated individuals, who for the most part wish only for a chance of rallying to the new ergine. The prople; well, it is with as to a man and it will be so the more we give it that duration of which hitherto It has been deprived.
We
The present Government's line of con duct is straightforward and clear. have just simply go back to these old traditions of the national life which the Monureby, in its drondence, had forsaken and disownel-sately, in our foreign relations, our age-long allianer with Eng- land as the baste principle; iu domestic polities, Liberalism.
"And that is why, fatally and logical- ly, despite all the advantages was might have drawn from good relations with Germany, the rupture was not only in- evitable but necessary.
RELATIONS WITH SPAIN.
Then suddenly the conversation turned, We began to talk about Spain and her potions of centrality, and about 1lerian problema generally,
if
But there
TALES OF GALLANTRY.
20
The correspondent of The Times British Headquarters gives the following intereating sidelights on the recent fight- ing at Contalmaison.
dual gallantry in the recent fighting. One hears many tales of great indivi- Two instances will suffice to show the quality of our men,
The Maxit went crackle like dry the terrific safering, for the appalling a point in his skilful fashion by brushwood under the feet of a march loss of life, and for the overwhelming painting the coming harvest in comfort- ing host. A bullet passed very close to and widespread ruin which it has en-ing colours and promising figures. my face like a sharp sudden breath; a tailed. Where would the Kaiser go second hit the ground in front, flicking he lost his throne, either by voluntary up a little shower of dust, and abdication or against his will, the ricochetted to the left, hitting the earth result of a revolution of the Prussian many times before it found a resting lernt The Bavarians, the Wurtember nation against the house of Hohenzol place. The air was vicious with bullets;gers, the Badenese, Hessians, and Saxons million invisible birds flicked their all cordially hate Prussia, and especially wings very close to my face. Ahead her ruler, and resent the dominant role the clands of smoke, sluggish lowlying which he has assumed in the confedera fog, and fumes of bursting shells, thick tion, as well as his usurpation of their in volume, receded towards the German sovereign rights. They would welcome a trenches and formed a striking back restoration of the independence and im- ground for the soldiers who were march-portaare which they enjoyed prior to
ease a ከነ of the North- ing up a low slope towards the enemy's the wars of 1866 and 1970. The Kaiser parapet, which the smoke still hid from would not be welcomed by the people of uberland Fusiliers was sent back with He had to pass through a view.
the Dual Empire. They always hated the message There was no baste, in the forward Prussians since the Seven Years' Warzone exposed to rifle fire and was mort- in the eighteenth century: and are howly wounded. He struggled on, how- move; every step was taken with regiffled with deep resentmeal against him ever, and just managed to reach one of mental precision, and twice on the way across the Irish boys halted for 'n mu ment to correct their alignment. Only at a point on the right there, was some confusion and a little irregularity, Were the men wavering 1 No fear! The boys on the right were dribbling the clusive football towards the German
tronell.
The Frish boys"-bad-new-reached the German wire entanglements:
next.
In one
he could only muster strength enough our advanced posts. As he sank down,
to point to a spot on his tunic and say,
It's in here! And he died.
sniped (88 the German way is) and was hit twice more. With the three wounds. after 12 hours in the open, he managed to, crawl back under cover of the dark- ness. On the way he found two un- wounded Germans hiding in a shell hole, and, with his revolver, he brought them home as prisoners.
as responsible for the present interna tional conflagration, which is proving so disastrous to them, involving their entire country in rain and threatening the Hapsburg monarchy with disruption, The second instance is that of a lieu- The writer, after eliminating for vari-tenant in a Yorkshire regiment who was jus reasons St. Helena, Switzerland, wounded and fell. As he lay, he was Rome and Spain, turns finally to the United States as the Kaiser's most likely haven-of-refuge. There is no doubt that of all the countries in the world there By the German barbed wire entangle is none which would possess a greater an ments were the shambles of war. Here amount of attraction for him as our men were seen by the enemy for the asylum than the United States--a coun- first time that morning. Up till then try in which he had always been pheno- the foe had fired erratically through menally interested and that he has al- the oncoming curtain of smoke; but ways desired to see at clow range. In fact, in a recent issue of the London when the clouds cleared away the at- Financial Vers it is stated that "if the ackers were seen advancing, picking Kaiser cannot boss Europe be means to their way through the wires which had have the first house on Fifth-avente, in been out to little pirers by our bombard-New York. The question remains as to how he would be received in the United States. William would find in America millions of his countrymen, and a still larger number of United States citizens of German descent who might end by being drawn toward him, despite the ruin and misery that he has brought the land of their origin. That he would in the course of time acquire a great deal of influence over them is quite on the cards, and he might even in the end be in a position to sway more directly
sue the hyphenated vote than he has ceded in doing until now from Berlin, and thus become a very important factor in the domestic policies of the United
devote his attention, and above all his The German trench had suffered finance, and require new fame as one of indefatigable energies, to industry and severely from our fire; parapets were the great captains thereof in the United blown-in, and at places the trench was States." full to the level of the ground with Bandbags and earth. Wreckage was
The Irish were now met with barry ing rifle fire, deadly petrol bombs, and hand grenades. Here I came across dead, dying, and sorely wounded; lives maimed and finished, and all the romance and roving that make up the life of a soldier gone for ever. Here, too. I saw bullet-riddled, against one of the spider webs known as chevaux de frise, a limplump of pliable leather, the football which the boys had kicked across the field.
"On Spain's side," the President declared, "we have nothing to fear. Our Republican Government and the Liberal Government of Spain pursue parallel policies The rapprochement between the two countries has just received a new Sanction with the arrival in Lisbon of a new Spanish Minister inspired with the best intentions towards us. For it must not be forgotten thint at this moment the
With regard to the effects of a heavy situation is very different from what it bombardmenta bombardment not to be was at the time of the Monarchy, which compared in magnitude with that which maintained with the neighbouring Court the Germans knew before the last offen-States. He might, on the other hand, frelations built only upon dynastic in
terest. Spain has never meddled in our domestic questions so long as we have respected her afinira
Some dreamers have talked of a union of the whole peninsula, But that is an absurdity and an illusion. Spain and Portugal have differing missions. Spain is a Continental power, and will be still more so after the war, while our existence is to be played for not on land but on sea. Hence our alliance with England. Was it not we Portuguese who opened up the world for Europe What is needed and what we all desire, Spaniardas and Portuguese alike, is the establishment of ever more cordial rela- tions, to be followed by an economic
Bent, each of the two countries
to the other what it is in need
Thus talking, we issued forth on to the terrace. The weather was warm and mild. Beyond the dark lacework of the palm trees one could make out the small, bluff bowed vessels swaying in the blue waters of the Tagus, and the narrow beach of yellow sand whence long ago Vasco da Gama embarkeld.
The President gazed long and contem- platively upon this little corner of Port- ugal, the destiny of which had suddenly been put absolutely-into-his hands. Then he turned to me.
4 Look! he said, "one gets too much into the habit of saying we are a small people. On the contrary, we are a great nation! For one moment in history we brandished the torch that had onco beer held by Athens and Rome.
And now we have many brothers scattered and dis- persed. Our task is splendid and great !---Daily Chronicle.
sive he writes:
strown all over the plage, rifles, twisted
The London Irish love Father Lape- Fox; he visited the men in the trenches daily, and all felt the better for his coming.
These
GERMAN OFFICERS AND MEN. Curious tales have been circulating is the last few days of German machine gun men being found tied to their guns. I have not referred to it, considering it only rumour, but to-day cerinin men of the Manchesters have repeated the story to me with so much circumstiality that one is compelled to believe it. men were of a party which suffered from
certain isolated machine-gun. At last they succeeded in locating it and killed the man operating it. When they got to him they found him fastened with straps, about his insteps to staples driven deep into the ground and a cinglet round his waist and chain fastening him to the gun. I feel convinced that the non told what they actually saw; 'and, as I say, it coincides with similar reports from other points.
Some of our men engaged about Can- talmaison have an absurd story of a Ger man officer who came out to surrender and very spick and span whereas, to do as if on parade, with gloves and cane, them justice, the German prisoners gene- rally look deplorable. As he advanced, his first remark was to demand a cer- tificato as to his gallantry and honour. Our men were so enraged that they in- gloves and cane and cut all the buttons und badges off his coat. It is the oce solitary instance which I have heard where Tommy has had any idea except to feed his prisoners and make pets of them. We have proofs every day, however, of the unpopularity of many of the Ger- man officers with their men, who express themselves with some considerable, free- dom when they are prisoners.
distortions of shapeless metal, caught A particularly delightful chapter incontinently fell upon him and took his by high velocity shells, machine-guns "The Great Push is the description of smashed to atoms, bumb proof shelters the heroism of Father Lane-Fox, who broken to pieces like houses of cards; crossed a large bullet-swept zone by run giants had been at work of destruction ring short distances to help a wounded in a defeiately fashioned nursery. transport driver.
On the reverse slope of the parapet broken tins, rusty swords, muddy equipments, wicked looking coils of barbed wire, and discarded articles of clothing were scattered about pell-meil. I noticed an unexploded shell perched on a sandbag, cocking a perky nose in air, and beside it was a battered hel met, the brass glory of its regal cagle dimmed with trench mud and wrecked with many a bullet. And then the effect of the "push' the Irish themselves:
how the It was interesting to see events the morning had changed the nature of the boys, Mild-man ered youths who had spent their working hours of civil life in scratching with inky jens on white paper, and their hours of relaxation in cutting capers
04
Often at night the sentry on watch can see a dark form between the lines working with a shovel and spade bury. ing the dead. The bullets whistle by, hissing of death and terror; now and then a bomb whírbi inair and bursts loudly; a shell screeches like a bird of preys the hounds of war rend the earth with frenzied fangs; but indifferent to all the clamour and tumult the solitary, digger bonds over his work burying thố dead. It's old Father. Lane-Fox' the sentry will mutter. He'll bo kill ed one of these fine daya.”
One can quote a very tiny fraction of
on roller skates and helping dainty the good things in "The Great Push,” maid as to tras and iesa, became pos. It is, a book to be read, and though on the sessed of mad Berserker rage and un-one hand it is an epic of the bravery and governable fury. Now that their work high spirit of our British troops, on the was war, the blood-stained bayonet other hand, it shows with unflinching gave them play in which they seemed truth the price which must always be to-glory.
paid for anything like a "Push."--C.R.
(Continued on next Column.)
in the Daily Mail,
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