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887-6
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, AUGUST 187¤, 1916.
GENERAL ALEXIA BRUSILOFF.
THE RUSSIAN MAN OF THE MOMENT."
LATE.
A DAY TOO GERMAN BRIBE TO GREECE.
13
The arrival of Majur von Schweinitz's mission in Athens fact which should Mr. Hamilton Fyfe, special correspon-i dent of the Dady Moil ini Russian no account be lost sight of (writes describes below his impressions of Gens Mr. J. M. N. Jeffries from Athens). This mission, which owing to the prompt naval eral Brusiloff when he visited him at clion of the Allies arrived a day too
late, was evidently sent Army Headquarters before the Russian offensive begun.
promises to the late Skouloudis Govern- meant nothing inent-promises which less than an offer of military aid to Greece if she resisted the Allies' der
Were King, Emperor, or Sovereign People, I would have, no generals in my service older than forty-five. If a man is not capable of commanding an army at that age, he never will be. After that age he loses more and more every year the energy, the enterprise, the desire to be up and doing, not waiting to see what the other side intends; all the qualities
which are so necessary in war.
mands.
with certain
ON THE ITALIAN FRONT,
WHY AUSTRIA STRUCK.
THE TRENTINO TRAP.
FROM THE TIMES
(SORIESPONDENT.]
from throwing their whole weight apon the Isonzo, where an
Austrian defeat might have had disastrous strategic con sequences,
Assuming that such Italian attacks were impending, I think we must admit, Austrian against our will, that the stroke succeeded. Where it failed was in the moment chosen for the advance, for had Konrad waited until Cadorna was the deeply committed to an attack on Isonzo I think that the effect of the sortio from the Trentino might have been serious. It is a blessing in disguise that it was not so deferred.
ITALIAN ARMY HEADQUARTERS. I have not seen anywhere in the Italian or foreign Press an appreciation of the situation in the Trentino according with my views. The popular view is that the Austrians have been perfect fools and
PLAYING OUT TINK Schweinitz, who is an aide-de-carp to that their Armies in Italy have been
This affair bas revealed to us that the Printe Oscar of Prussia, was smuggled rented, and though it may be a thankless
menace than any of us supposed. We into Greece vin Tepeleni, through Epirus task to endeavour w state what I be Trentino ploce d'armer is a more serious mennee, but the and thence to Larissa, when he and the ties to be the real position, i feel suro two other officers with him were met by
that spoke my mind on these subjects. extent of the menace was not appre cinted. I imagine now that the An Yet to this rule I would make an excep-members of the Greek police and safely that our Italian friends would rather all knew it to be a
installed in an Athens train. Their than that I should restrict myself to con- journey from the moment they touched ventionalities and to empty praise.
trians will put up a good fight, in this Greek soil was State-aided in every way. Austria has certainly made two very terrible country, which offers an unin- The fact that Schweinitz would not let
tions, and is as well defended by nature so far as it has gone. anybody else toach certain, despatch-reat blunders in this campaign of 1916 errupted succession of admirable pusi- The first was her underestimation of as by art. I think that they will go boxes shows that their contents were of the highest importance.
the recovered power of Russia, a mis-slowly back from one range of heights calculation which weighs heavily upon to another until they reach the best de
fended line, where all their heavy guns the conssience of Austrian strategists.
can take effective part, and that their defens will be a long, rostly, and ardugns . business.
KEATING'Stion, and it would be in favour of Gen-
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that financial help would be granted and that unitions and armaments would be lavishle supplied,
I think that the Austrians are playing out time in order to tempt, Italy away from her main objective, and if they can two months the snow will have begun is fall on the high Alps' and the best if they campaigning season of 1916 will have passed.
I do not consider that the Trentino
eral Alexis Brusiloff." Never did anyon illustrate more aptly the truth of the saying that a man is as old as he feels,' General Brusiloff is sixty-three, only two years younger than General Ivanoff, whom he scoreded recently in the chief
If absolute proof were wanted it comes command upon Russia's south-western from the conversation of Schweinitz him
"In everything but face there is self, which took place shortly after his twenty years' difference between the two arrival at a time when he believed him- and is one of those fatal mistakes which is apt to ruin both an Army and a cause. Ivanoff is big, slow-moving old self in a secure position. "I have come,”
This blonder was probably of German Brusiloff is fashioned in his views.
he said, “om a special mission to the inspiration. It was the German Gene- spare, alert, andern. As I sat and taik-
Skouloudis Government, You must be ral Stail which gave out last, autumn that ed to him in the bare room from which frm against the Allies' pressure., Lin the Russian Armies were beaten and of he directs the operations of one of the
rupture takes place I feel I can promise Three groups into which the Russian Germany's military assistance Aske no further account, and to do the Ger- hold the Italians in the hills for another
runs justice they appear to have believed armies are divided. I felt at once that
what form this would take, he answered
this fable, for they reverted to the West, his mind worked quickly, that he is for
poured out blood like water before Ver- never-ceasing push and go," that he is
dun, and left Hinderburg in the East first, last, and all the time a man of
uncommonly weak. It was probably on
1 do is unconquerable by any moms. The facts of the conversation are not the faith of this baseless supposition
to not know whether the Hallans mean to Dark, stendy here, hearsay. I can guarantee them. that they permitted the Austrians searching eyes and a nose with a high, Illusory as circumstances have shown begin the punitive expedition against conquer it, but, if they do, they can cominanding, curved bridge give him the German help would have been, yet the Tenis, for, and the Germans entertained attack it from three sides, all round from look of an eagle. No pale east of thoughtnere arrival of the mission shows clearly the remotest suspicion that the Russian the Stelvio to Cadure, and their superior an enveloping No student or professor, this what was the real
attitude Firm chin, vigorous jaw-line. When this Skonloudis Government. M. Skonload is
of the Southern Armies could deliver the whirl-numbers would make
attack legitimate and profitable. But f wind strokes of recent weeks, it is not man begins a task he will carry tit
he carried his alt this was a captier, and was probable that Konrad would have been doubt whether they can finish the job through to the end, as
sibly ignorant of the fact that M. Carpathians campaign. It was he who Gourinris (who is koown throughout Kiren his head in Tirol. overrame all the difficulties of that sur- prising adventure. Spite of winter, spite of deep snows and terrible cold, he pushed on till he had won the whole ridge of the moutains and was ready to push his troops down into Hungary.
No fault of his that the efforts and the He has his EMBAR-victories naught agaited us.
NOTHING IS MORE
RASSING THAN EXTREME
THINNESS.
It is the plump, well-developed man who cuts the melons" and has the fun socially.
Serawny, skinny people are seldom popular. We all admire fine figures. No dressmaker can hide a boay, skinny
form.
netion.
His face tells this.
here.
place in history. He has made CW records in the aimmals of war. Nover before. I believe, has an army taken prisoners to the number of twice its own strength. General Brasiloff's army aver: aged about 180,000. 200,000. At times it dropped as low as 100.000. He captured in all 300,000 Ger nians and Austrians, with 400 And how many machine guns
We must place to the discredit of the Greece as von Gounaris) was always and
were very badly, informed, and conse continually Germany's agent. It should Austro-German General Staff that they be noticed that the police who received and looked after these Gerrunns werequently made a very bad opening, and so
for most of us are agreed. under the orders of M. Gouris as Minister of the Interior,
SCHENK's £70,000.
*}}
to-
before the snow, and though there is a line of invasion from Tirol eastwards it to-day, and consequently the operation involved in a deliberate and comprehen- is not suitable for the great armies of
sive conquest of the Trentino by the main Italian Army, apart from the inherent difficulty of the undertaking, is not one that appeals to me in view of the present general military situation of the Allies.
it up to
Obviously the Italian blockade of Tirol has turned out to be less effective than was hoped and so must in any case be strengthened. We know what it is to have instituted an ineffective blockade higher state of efficiency. -1 van see no insuperable difficulty in bolting and bar- ring the Tirol doors. But when prople talk light-heartedly of the conquest of Alps with their successive and tremen- dous positions, I weigh in my mind the Austrian troops, guns, and defences, and am disposed to believe that the game is not worth the candle.
You ought to test the one guaranteed asked him. I forget. Thousands," he been known to confer after midnight at 400,00 men, in the Trentino bastion, Tirol look at this gren; tangle of high.
made
reliable treatment which has good for years in England, which has taken America by storm and which bas
replied.
SKILFUL CONCENTRATION, A second blander was
moment Told of the delivery of the Power's chosen for the Austrian blow. We must Note Schweinitz became cresi fallen and give full credit in the Austrians for the skill with which they organized their Densive, but it would be ridiculous to suppose he is not working against us with forces in the Trentino, and for the Baron Schenk and some of the General vigour with which they delivered their Chief of the General Staff of the Army and blow. Little by little, and almost in
and to compelled to screw It never exceeded Staff. The brothers Dousmauis, one the sensibly, they passed down troops
of the General Staff of the Army and wards Trent--not more than one, two, the other of the Navy, have for long past or three battalions or batteries at a time too often visited a certain Gerinaa mili-until they had accumulated a large tary officer here called Hoffman, and have force, probably in the neighbourhood of his house. The task, therefore, of the which looks on: over and Blanks the Lord Zainis Government is not a light one bardo-Venetian plain. This force was, while the present General Staff remains however, of unequal value, and parts of in power. The influence of the Staff it were only fit for defensive purposes. will be exerted unflinchingly against the The operative part of the Army... – eventually debouched or craft which the Germans themselves, from the angle between the Brenta and here will not employ
the Adige, and spread out fanwise to the The
southeastward was of hot more than 15 divisions, but it was all of the first line, was well found with guns of all calibres, and at its first onset was supported by the fire of some 30 to 36. Austrian 12in howitzers, and of at least three of the German 420's. The oncentration and the attack reflect credit on the Austrian staff, which must have prepared, the comp long in advaner,
His success be attributes to the sourage of his troops and to the policy which he followed of never giving the enemy any The best strategy and the most
rest.
been awarded a gold medal and dip successful tactics lie in attack" he told Venizelist cause, and there is no trickery amely, that which.
of honour at Brussels, Belgium.
Nothing in history has ever approached ne. Don't let the enemy choose where the marvellous success of this new treat he will hit you. Hit him first; keep
Give him no rest.” ment, which, according to report, has biting him. made more thin folks plump than all the general's close-cropped, stubbly hair ser
nics and ineffective medicines fored to bristle as he spoke. His langish but fifty years.
thin and tile-noticed grey moustache quivered. "Yes, that is the way. Always attack. Even if he is stronger, attack him. Keep him guessing. Puzzle hin. Make him wonder what you are to."
There's a reason. Plump, well formea men and women assimilate what they eat Thin, scrawny ones do not..
This new discovery aims to supply the one thing the thin folks lack, that is the power to assimilate food."
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Baron Schenk and Herren Kars and ofima-though Karo may go to Ger many on a mission if that be possible have resolved themselves into a committed for dealing with the forthcoming elee tions. Schenk has already received large
"
If this district were held by Parhuns or Boers, without heavy guns with which to sweep all the limited number of up- proaches, I should still consider that it would take a lot of conquering; but, con sidering all the means of the disposal of the defence, I have an idea that it is a pretty good country to stay away from, and my preference is entirely for the plan with which General Cadorna open-
the war.
So far as the Trenting is comerrned I believe in the bolts and hairs, that is to say. modest ambitions and strategy on this front, end I think it will soon appear that even the attainment of these ends will take time, and labour, and lives
sums for this use; I hear much as £70,000 was credited to hit in marks two days ago. There is much ebullition here But that means heavy losses! "
aniong a certain group of pro-German No, no, not if your attack succeeds. officers, but I do not think they dar
What was the object of the stroke 7 1 Altacks which fail, like the German at proceed to any open action, as there is tacks at Verdun, are terribly expensive tittle support among the soldiers, who is generally supposed to have been the But successful attacks cost very little. If do not want to enter into a conflict with invasion of the plains and the intercep only we had had munitions this time last yone, and least with the Anglo-French lion of the railway lines of communien- enough,
Isonzo. Consequently, when the plains and their friends and relatives in the tion of the Italian main armies on the Venizelist party.
were not invaded, and the communica- To show the temper with which thus not cut,'s shout of triumph was election campaign has been begun it is being said in certain Schenkophile circles raised in Italy, and this naturally be came all the louder when the Austrians, formed of the baron's chief bravos that M. Venizelos max win the elections, and their line anduly extended, gave with their centre dangerously advanced, that if he does he will not survive them for long. It is consolatory to know that every precaution is taken by the friends of the great statesman and that he lias a permanent and devoted bodyguard of
He shook his head regret fully. He half-closed his eyes. He could see again the din vista of the plains of Hungary, upon which he looked down from the Carpathian crests. He thinking of what might have been. But men of action do not give way to futile regret.
Now it is different," he said briskly.
We have abundance of everything, as you have seen for yourself.
when we ready, and we shall be very glad when we get orders to prove it."
General Ivanoff was immensely popular, at this south-west cominand, but General Brusiloff, by his record and his character,
fellow-Cretans.
A BOY HERO.
AT HIS POST.
way before the Italians, and began to go back. In Italy, as abroad, folk spoke of Austrian rout. any the can admired the excellent dispositions of General Cadorna for the counter-stroke
and the vivacity with which his troops set upon their enemy. The Austrians retired mainly by night, and though the Italians dealt the enemy
pressed me fost was the firm countenance of the Austrian rearguards and the deli- berate character of the retreati
has already, I think, inspired more con- MORTALLY WOUNDED, HE STOOD some sound and useful blows, what im-
·Aidence. In almost every way the two They have me are curiously unlike. only one thing in common, that they both belong to the Regular Army and not to the General Staff. In Russia, as in ather Continental armies, staff officers ate separated, usually from the very start of their career. As a rule they are given the high commands, Both Ivanoff and Brusiloff reached, their positions without the aid of this valuable stepping stone, and both reached them by hard, useful work. In every other, respect they are at opposite poles.
These are the hopelessa torture-wracked. Ivanoff, the son of a peasant-proprie beings who live in the shadow of constant tor, las remained in essentiale a peasant dread of the stabbing, twisting, unbear all his life. He lives in the simplest able suddea paina Bard SPASIA of fashion. Prefers soldier's food to any neuralgia
other. Sleeps on a soldier's truckle-bed When he was in command at Kielt and had a palace to live in he furnished very plainly three small rooms and lived in these, leaving the rest empty.
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THE CORRECT MOVE Far from altering my faith in General. Cadorna, the Konrad blow has only served to confirm it, for it has abled me to inspect the district front several points and to realize the wisdom of lieve in changing plans of campaign Cadorna's original plan. I do not be when they have been fully considered in times of peace and deliberately adopted in times of war, and still less do I be
lieve
in allowing oneself to be compelled to do so by the enemy. I think that Italy is strong enough to block the Tron- tino effectively and at the same time to continue the pursuit of the general plan of the war concerted between the Allies.. and I hope, therefore, that Italy will Viern redeem the Southern Tirol at and not at Trent-
We British all dearly love Italy and the Italians, and when we see Italian armies, fight of heart and swift of stroke, chasing the Tedeschi out of Italy and pursuing them into the hills, our enthusiasm is inbounded, and we cheer them on. But war is a serious business, and in matters of strategy it is the head that inust rule, and not the heart,
Sir David Beatty, in his despatch on
Is it likely that Konrad expected to the Battle of Jutland, writes:
As was to be expected, the behaviour invaler Italy with, 15 divisions when he of the sisips' companies under the terrible must have known that Cadorna had some condition of a modern sea battle was 50 divisions on which to draw I do not magnificent without exception. The think it is possible that he ever expected strain on their moral was a severe test to get very far, and directly his air scouts, who were uncommonly active, and of discipline and training. Officers and
were over us at least twice a day, ró- men were imbued with one thought, the desire to defeat the enemy. The forti-ported the completion of the Italian con- tude of the wounded was admirable, Acentration and the opening of the report from the commanding offer of counter-attack. the Austrians began to
hadtress by every road my preponderating Chester gives a splendid instance of de votion to duty:
80 back Why? Because they effected their object, which was to put spoke in the Italian wheel, to compel General Cadorna to make fresh disposi tions, and so to prevent the delivery of a serious attack on the Isonzo line."
A PREVENTIVE ATTACK.
When I saw troops and guns pouring into the outworks of this great bill for
feeling was one of regret for the neces sity, and, despite my joy in the vitality of the Italian Army, my thoughts were far away among Brusilof's troops, and I should have felt despondent had I not been sure that there were cool heads in Italy which would be rebel to motions and would play the right moves in the great game of war
A MYSTERY
AEROPLANE.
Boy (1st class) John Travers Comwell of the Chester, was mortally wounded early in the action. He nevertheless re- mained standing alone at a most exposed post, quietly awaiting orders till the end of the action with the gun's crew dead imagine that the Austro-Germans I need and wounded all round him. His age hardly add, after this, that he is unmar was under 16 years. I regret that he
must have had a pretty shrewd idea that ried. He might have advanced himself has since died, but I recommend his case less simultaneously, and that the Italian the Allies intended to attack more or by marrying a rich wife. He preferred for special recognition in justice to his
share in the Allied plan was the delivery to be a bachelor and play his own hand. memory, and as an acknowledgment of
of a coup de masse on the Isonzo which. Modesty he carries to an almost morbid
the had been notoriously heralded as length. One of the censors on his stathe high example set by him." told me he was quite angry because a
Italian objective for many months, and Parisians have been no little startled was the line on which Italy could best on dark nights (says a Paris correspon- newspaper telegram was passed praising society. Then came the war to try out his conduct of certain operations
work in order eventually to join with dent), to see numerous brilliant stars ap- Athe capacity and characters of men. man necustomed all his life to working Most of the fashionable" soldiers went
"เ
the Russians in an advance on Vienna.parently careering the heavens in a most "These would light What better means were avaliable to cir mysterious fashion. continually, he liked doing for himself under very quickly. It was the studious, many things which a commander-in-chief strictly professional type of officer which
cumvent the supposed Italian design up and go out, and occasionally, throw a comet like tract "of light in all direc- ought to make others do. A self-made came to the front. Brusiloff is almost
than this Trentino coup, which, what- man, in short, with very fine qualities the only one of the prominent social ever other mistakes and miscalculations and character, but with the defects, of his figures in the Army who has made good.
may have been made, has undoubtedly qualities appearing more plainly as age He began in 1914 as the commander of had the effect of warding off and delay crept upon him.
Soon he had an army.
ing at least the threatened Italian an army corps. General Brusiloff's career has been as under him, and his army did the most
stroke 7
If the Italian commander, as he was different as possible from that of General brilliant work that has been done by any
of the combatants. Now he has deserved bound to do, met the new ment have developed along different He is of good family, went to the Russian. mand, and all who have worked with him gained their immediate ends, and if the Eton (the "Pages Corps "), and then are sure that he will win further fame. Italians were terupted to follow the re- began life in a fashionable cavalry regi-He is so straightforward," one of his treating enemy far into the hills, then ment. Ability and influence combined to officers told me, and so direct. He the Austrians had the best of the ground, make his advancement rapid. He held knows what he wants, and what he wants with their prepared positions and their many good positions, was reckoned a fav he must have." In his mode of life he artillery, and they might hope to tie up ourite at Court, distinguished himself as follows the habits of Western Europe. the main Italian Artay for a considerable Before long, that is to say, as soon as a daring rider, encouraged cavalry off His interests are those of cultivated time. Tirol, for both sides, was a second- the latest engine of war is ready in neces cers to go in for polo and cross-country people. He talks French like a French-ary theatre without decisive importance sary numbers, the Germans are going to Ja steeplechases, was popular in Fetrograd man and says he will learn English after and without issue. The essential point be given the biggest surprise of their
(Continued on next Colurm.)
for Austria was to prevent the Italians lives.
Ivanoff; therefore his mind and tenes,-ly been-promoted to a still higher com shifting his reserves,
the war.
tions. Many believed in some astral phenomena, but the truth of the matter is that these strange bodies were no more. nor less than a new type of nocturnal aeroplane, which the War Office is experi- menting with. For obvious reasons, I attack by am not at liberty, to give further details the Austrians of the new arm, but if all the wonderful things I hear of the night bird are as represented, a complete revolution in Battle aerial navigation is at hand. aeroplanes have hitherto possessed one great drawback-sorry I cannot be more explicit but this has now been overcome