NORTH SEA
FRA
£125
will maintala ONE now balding werving a camp of Berint. 0,600 aolallers far taky Brat
THREE MONTHS
£250
w31 buy à co mplete canivás vytlp- ment. At fem-tino are fat media oly requirad far the Spring and Swatner camps alone and abroad..
£450-600
i fumih and equip a new, ER.CA. Jasin Britainar Fraştee wording insim.
To those who cannot maintain a Complete Building, For over era, who esa malotkin a comolato buildi og Chars Brožuri trods und t'ianwunde who will n«t-om it a privilegs to bolp in a nosallos way, Any músériatriqit, húwovar, small
·will be of vatnofsible truly nations wark, will be gratefully acknow.. Jodged
In deference to the Military Authoritica
this illustration does not represent the re urt position of the TMC.A.Buildings.
NCE
LA BASSER
ARRAS
R. SOMME
THE HONGKONG DAILY FRESS. WEDNESDAY, JULA ME. 191€. 2
Y.M.C.A.
This Line is the
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is protecting your home. What will
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of are making life happier for our men. But thousands of others of our brave troops are
without."
Shall they continue to without" while you can help?
"doin
do
Will you give a new building to-day, or maintain one for a short period ?
A Y.M.C.A, Divisional Secretary in France writes: - We are making the conditions far more comfortable for the inen who would have had to spend many hours weary waiting out in the cold and wer had we not been here. Our room was packed to overtowing with mon straight out of the trenches covered with Hud, as only men in the trenches can be covered. By the than they had reached hero inany of them had tramped several miles and were quita exhausted. To find somewhere in which hot drinks and food could be procured in the mid ile of the night was B haven gludly welcom +1; it is sorprising where, men can sleep when exhausted such as we see them.
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c/o “ The Hongkong Daily Press” Office, 10A, Des Voeux Road,
Hongkong
Valuable ale for the Invalid and Robust
use in place of ordinary milk foods, gruel, etc, sed
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Rop's
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WHAT NEXT ?
MY FORECAST OF THE SUMMER CAMPAIGN.
[SY LOVAT FRASER, JA
ANOTHER WITTENBERG. TYPHUS PATIENTS DÉSERTED AT STENDAL
The experiences of Dr. Ribadeau- Dumns, a French physician, in two Ger man prison camps are corded in the current number of the British Medical Journal in un artich thus recalls the scandalous conduct of the German author- ities during the typhus epidemic at Wit tenberg.
After a period of detention at Alten- grabo Dir. Ribadeau-Dumas vas sont on February 8th, 1916, to Stendal. Thors with ither doctors, French and Lussian, the prisoners were persecuted in að sorts. of ways The state of things was so und that the higher authorities seem to have become alarmed, and an order was issted. enjoining prudenes on these in charge of camps, as too severe treatment inflicted on the prisoners was likely to tarnish the good name of Germans among neutrals' In consequence, some of the officers strove to undo the evil effects of the previous reign of terror.
SOCIETY FOR SUPPRESSION OF THE OPIUM TRADE.
FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. During the past year, the question as to the disposal of, the stocks of Indian Opium remaining in the hands of the
A dense and perplexing obscurity has dealers at Shanghai and Hongkong has veiled the broader movements of the war been settled by a compromise. The during the last few weeks. Everybody in Chinese Government, en condition of this country is asking what will appen receiving an extra tax of 3,000 taels perext, but no one able to spank can read chest on the 6,000 cheats at Shangha, the riddle.
wens agreed that the three remaining maritime hear imagination the terrifie provinces, Kiangai, Kiangsu, and Kwangcung, which had not yet been reverberations of Verdun, the opening closed to the import of Indian Opium; rear of Hindenburg's guns on the Dvina, should remain open till March, 1917, the the grinding of the cracking ice-fices in the Upper Baltic, the steady tramp of the date at which the last Opium shops in
The Grand Duke's columns on the Anatolian Shanghai are also to be closed, British Government assented to this ar plateau Everywhere there is immensity rangement, and the British and Chinese of preparation and amply movement, but Commissioners who had been sent into the underlying purpose is hidden from Kiangui to enquire into its claim to have the multitude and from us all. We can put an end to poppy growth were recall only minke guessoB.
An agreement was subsequently We are confronted by mysteries. We ed. effected between the Opium Suppression see the successive pulsations of the mighty. Commissioners for the above three pro- Gorman onslaught at Verdin and are vinces and the Hongkong opium mer-puzzled. We see the Austrians striking
Typhus broke out, and the Germans chants, by which the 1,200 chests in stock mndly, but with limited success, against at longkong were to be bought for sale the Italian armies in the Trentino. We fled, leaving the French and Russian doc a monopoly in the province of sea huge forces on both sides munceuvring tors with the sick within a barbed wire Kwangtung within a period of eighteen on the Russian front, but no real begin-enclosure, where the conditions wore most months, expiring also in March, 1917. ning. We see a great immobile Franca- unfavourable. Several of the medical The Chinese Government would receive British army at Salonica, an immobile men fell victims to the criminal want of an extra tax of 6,000 tacts per chest on British army in Egypt, an immobile forethought of those in charge of the the fondly regret that the failure British army on the Tigris. We see the of the British Government and people to main Russian forces in Armenia still rise to the moral level required to end fighting less than forty miles beyond the Indo-Chiness Opium trade by buying Erzero, which fell more than three up these stocks on reasonable terins was months ago, involved the continuance of this immoral trade, so that the Chinese people are
under
We
The war soma to stand as still as Joshua's moon in Ajalon." We are not little whether the larger aspects of the conflict have become petrified
camp
The Government was moved to take action only when the disense began to spread among its own people. Then isolation huts were built, disinfectors and baths set up, and by way of throwing dust in the cyoa of the public, anti-typhoid inoculations were carried out on a large
being made to pay enormous profits, to in the least impatient, but we wonder a seale, vation was what
the merchants who speculated in the means of vice. At the same time we are glad to look forward to the final ending of this traffic in another twelvemonth. The continuance of the trade in these three provinces is naturally, being accom panied by much smuggling, and by renew ed attempts to grow the poppy in various parts of China. In the International Settlement of Shanghai, one-half of the licensed opium shops have now been closed, in pursuance of the arrangement reported last year. In the French settle ment a similar process has been begun
GROWING MORPHIA IMPORTS During the years attention has been called to the alarming increase of the ex- ports of morphia from Great Britain to The Far East. The Board of Trade re turns give the following particulars
Bepast of Morphes fross Cevat Britain in 1911, 28.4.
10122702.07.
171 29644) 506,17:30 Cz.
(Than returns for 1915 an not yet published.)
Let us therefore ask ourselves again What will happen next 1 - Let us try to
mystery. peer into the heart of the
I will begin with a simple proposition which appears to be undeniable. We have been deluged with figures about the enemy's reserves, about the reserves of our Allies, about the reservoir of man- power in these islands. I am sure these interminablo, calculations are of value to exports, but they leave me cold. I prefor to put the thing more concisely. My simple and, I believe, undeniable proposi- | tion is this: No Power now engaged in the war will ever be able to put greater strength in the fighting line than will bo
buy possible this summer.
At Stendal the staple
was called potato soup, a filthy decoction with herring heads floating in it, and staclling of rotten fish, which the very dogs howled at. Miserable as the food was, the prisoners fought for it. Parcels sent from home were oponed and the con- tents stolen. Punishments in the form of blows, kicks, and short commons were showered on the prisoners; the doctors were placed under arrest without any reason assigned; some were confined to their rooms for months.
The lazaretto was barely furnished; the beds were mere frames covered with mate tresses of wood shavings and a coveriet. The medicines consisted of aspirin and quinine tablets, tincture of iodine, castor oil, and potassium chlorate. There were only
a few instruments a worn-out tongue depressor, two crooked stylets, and a jagged bistoury. The German doc- tors were, as a rule, rough, sometimes brutal, in their manners; they physicked the patients at haphazard! Some were grossly ignorant. Wounds were stitched up with a mattress needle and unasepti- cized thread; the surgeons did not wash their hands.
Dr. Ribadeau Dumas complains bitterly of the utter neglect, with which the sick prisoners were treated. Inspections were a farce. Once they saw a general, to whom they were allowed to speak, but after listening to the recital of their woes, At ho said that that kind of thing did not concern him, and walked away.
The deduction is reasonably clear. We ure approaching the true culminating point of the war.. When M. Briund snid A large portion of this morphia goes last week, The decisive hour is at to Japan, and is thence smuggled into haud," he doubtless meant that the vell Menchuria, where the noxious habit of will suddenly be riven asunder and tre injecting morphia has become extremely mendous events will be disclosed is pro prevalent. This trade is carried on ingress. defiance of the Treaties of 1909, con- It is foolish to talk just now about the Foluded with Ching at the close of the end of the war, which may go on 1- Boxer troubles, defnitely. What is certain to that the campaigns of this summer will, impart In the Straits Settlements and Federattu the warn character and direction from ed Malay States the consumption of which sta final micome may be deter Upinm has somewhat decreased, partly maned. Both sides are braced up for a owing to the increased selling price fixed struggle greater than any yet witnessed by the Government, partly to the effects This is the your of fate. fistakes made
them of the war. The Straits Government now henceforward may perhaps be irretriev- | Altengrabow, in reply to some complaint, purchases opium direct from the Indina able. This country in particular has another general merely called
These are the only Government, an arrangement which more time or strength to waste in reck-sagrés gûchons.”
occasions on which they had any relations should greatly diminish the risk of Bugless speculative adventures. gling
Wo may be confident, then, that at any with the higher German authorities. The From a slatement recently published at moment now we may see the inauguration neutral inspectors they never saw. Singapore, we learn that the total re- of movements meant to be decisive day the French prisoners refused the soup, venne of the Straits Settlements for the their ultimate effects. The prospective which was unusually bad. They wore. Fear 1914" was $14,016,882, of which *6.045,204, or 37 per cent, was derived policy of the Allies is absolutely made to stand motionless in two rows for know, nor can we construct theories from the sale of opium. The expendi about it. No such silence is imposed re ture for the same year was 810,180,180.garding the probable objects of the enemy The taxation on other classes of the comAfter all, the Germanic Powers are most munity is very light, there being no in need of a quick decision. They, with income tax, to land tax, no house duty their greater shortage of food, can least and no customs except a small duty an
spirits, and one of 5 cents per gallon on afford to pause, Why, then, Eas Gor- petroleum. Thus the Chinese, who form many paused at all?
gt one-half of the population, and of when the great majority are working. The answer in one word is--Ferdun. It coolies, are made to pay more than one half of the revenue, this revenue being largely in excess of the actual expendi. ture. It is not infrequent for Chinese of the lower classes to spend one-fourth of their income on opium." These facts make it easy to understand why the Euro pean community, with rare exceptions, is indifferent, if not actually hostile, te all proposals for the suppression of the opium trade. If the demand of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce at Singa pore in 1907 for the cessation of the trade in five years had been heeded, this scandal on British government would have been brought to an end before the prescut time. Why should British administrators be. behind those of China in this great moral
reform?
THE INDIAS GOVERNMENT'S POSITION.
One
a couple of hours; they were thon placed in a barbed wire enclosure with some 60 prisoners from Wittenberg suspected of typhus. Of many of the worst things Dr. Ribadeau-Dumas says that he cannot bring himself to write.
known that there are Eastern and West- orn schools of strategists in the German appears to be now agreed that the Germilitary councils. The Western school were given their chance before Verdün mans fully expad a vast triumph at Verdan, and that, on the whole they have and lust. Hindenburg's theory of trying come badly to grief. Their later losses to overcome Russia first, and then falling may perhaps have been magnified, but in full strength on the Western Allies, is when their own allies are telling them probably to be tried again. It is far more risky for Germany than it was last that fany have failed we need discuss the verdict no farther. Why do they continue year, in a thousand ways which need not be indicated; but with food shortage, their attacks around Verdun? There are three feasible explanations, which are diminishing reserves of men, and a dis- interdependent. A
contented populace, Germany must now First, they have gone on hoping against take appalling risks. Riga alone will not hope that by a reckless sacrifice of men, avail her. If she turns eastward it must and by extending their attacks on the late be Petrograd or final failur bank of the Mouse, they would pierce the Frenea positions.
The ice in the Baltic and the inevitable. Second, the Gorman nation is so over- delay while the ground hardens after the strung just now that it is capable of thaw in Northern Russia are probably the true explanations of the stationary either intense exaltation or profound de- The position of the Indian Government, pression, but knows no phlegmatic mean. character of the war. And what will the The internal condition of Germany is Allies be doing in France while Hinden- in continuing to produce opium on a couch that her rulers dare not disengage burg terns once more towards the morn- siderable scate for non-medical purposes,
ing light of the East Germany is clear- demands the serious attention of all who themselves before Verdun until they can desire that the British administration of offer fresh prospects of victory elsewhere, ly apprehensive. She moves German from Third, the scene of the great summer her normal forces in the West. What of that great country should be freed from the reproach of pandering to vice campaign is to be Northern Russia, be the great France British Army ab Saloniea, soon to be reinforced by the Although the export to China has been yond the River Dvina, and owing to
reorganised Serbian Army? What of the brought to an end, opium is still being climatic conditions it has been timed to cultivated and prepared in India, uader begin earetly a month later than last scattered hosts gathering round doomed more or less direct Government patron gear's advance in the milder climute of Turkey, the army of Egypt, the army of the Tigris, the Russian columma penetrat age and control, for non-medical use by Galicia, British subjects in India and Burma, in
These, as I have said, are only guesses, ing into Asia Minor! We may note these the Straits Settlements and Federated but if the third point. is correct, it ex factors but cannot comment on them. All Malay Stats, and in Hongkong. It is plains many things. Three alternative that will be said here is that though the also exported to the French Colonies in theories have been suggested in some Grand Duke has done wonders, he cannot India and Indo-China, the Dutch posses quarters. The first is that of an advance work miracles. On his main front he has sions in Java, Sumatra, and other on Salonica, which may be instantly re-advanced little more than thirty miles in islands, the Portuguese territory ofjected, because Macedonia is not a deci- three months. The dreams of a Russian, Macao, and Sizm. In the Indian Budget give aren, and never will be. The second advance to the Bosphorus are alwurdly debate of 1914, an Tadian member put the is that of an attack on the British frozt premature. The men who dream them. very cogent question: Why, if the use in France and Flanders, which quay he study maps but not orography, climato, of opium is deleterious to Chinamen, and regarded as improbable, for it now holds and supplies.
24
the export of the drug to China is there out no better chance of success than the The stage is set, the armies are in fore prohibited, should it be exported to
motion, the curtain will soon be rung up
the Straits Settlements, Hongkong, and assault on Verdun. The third is that of other parts of the world! Are not the an advance south of the Finsk marshes residents of these places niso human upon Kieff and Odessa, which is equally beings, and do they not require the same unlikely, although it may be attempted humanitarian consideration from thy in conjunction with the northern thrust Indian Treasury, as the Chinamen have towards Petrograd. The expectation of secured! It may not be possible, duran attack on the British front seems very ing the present world conflict, to press erst and is the subject of daily this question with effect. But as warnings from Holland and Belgium. soon as peace is restored, we just be f sions and portents count for any prepared to urge upon the British Gov- thing, the next great battle should be ernment of India that is should under fought around. Riga, with perhaps a take, in friendly co-operation with the simultaneous effort to cut the important Governments of France, the Netherlands, railway which passes south-east of Dvinsk Portugal and Biam; to bring to an end to Polotsk and Petrograd. It is well these evil remains of an evil trade.
(Continued on next Column) islands.
יין""
I do not for a moment believe that the war will end this year, but I believe thir Scar will decide. The omens are on the whole favourable for the Allies, though not too favourable. The one rezisining possibility is that Germany nay try to strike on both fronts at once. Becember always that wer is full of surprises; that the most unexpected things may happen: that the German High Sea Fleet is fill cobeaten and that, having drawn the lyr sword for the mastery of the world, Germany will assuredly never shienthe it without attempting to nende three