ON THE BUKOVINA FRONT.
AUSTRIANS CONTESTING EVERY INCH
RUMANIA ON THE ALERT.
TBY PERCEVAL CINDON, SPECIAL CORRESPON- DENT OF THE "DÁHLY CHRONICLE.”].
I have cone hither from the highland frontier to dispatch this, and to observe how Rumanian neutrality is standing the
strain of recent events,
on the carve of the bills north of the Pruth advanced 23 mile, and engld-d the Bus sians to establish and consolidate positions within 45 miles of the town, and thus bring up heavy guns, it was posible, if neces sary, to bombard Czerioritz itself.
THE HOSÜKUNG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 29th 1916.
A CLAIM TO BE OF NO
· NATIONALITY.
GERMAN'S APPEAL DISMISSED BY
THE HOUSE OF LORDS,
SPAIN AND THE WAR.
FRIENDLINESS AND NEUTRALITY,
Germany and had never returned, After spending about two years and a half in South Aurica, he came to England (in Jamary, 1901). where he had lived over sine. He was 32 on January 30th, 1915. He was employed in the Landan office of a French poultry merchant. carrying on The Austrian sove, in their whole his business in Paris, In August, bo wo Lory have fought re magnificently, registered by the police authorities, conside of his mother; be is himself an Aus Every yard of ground is desperately detrary to his express desire, as of German fonded, and the losses on both sides are untionality. He took steps to obtain a ghastly and impossible nuw-to'stimate. mandang to correct the register, but thesa Along the Bojan read the lavians are proceedings was not persisted in as he maintaining teasant attacks, ever slack-suffered no serious incoverience from the wing their pressure on the trenches which registration so long as his liberty was out
interfered with On July 7th, 1913. he was interned at the camp at Stratford, Essex, as an alien enemy, though no charge had heen brought and no conviction bad been obtained against him,
GERMAN IRON CONTRACTS.
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other manufactured goods into which they had entered. The indignation is natural, but the repudiation cannot have caused surprise. It merely extends the doctrine TJILATJAP of trenty-breaking from the German Gov- ernment to the German citizen. Kultur State-supported swindling murely, and of frightfulness. Apparently something like this has happened:
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The noutrality of Spain has been so often proe nimed by responsible Spanish statesmen, and the reasons given for it aro so convincing, that the student of foreign The House of Lords (the Lord Chanel-affairs is apt to regard it an axiomatic, lor, Lord Loreburu ́and · Lord, Atkinson)
and to dismiss Spain from his mind as last month dismissed the appeal of neutral till the end of the war. But any Antonius Charles Frederick Wobor from one who travels in Spain with the idea of an order of the Court of Appeal (Lords estimating Spanish thought and fooling on Justices. Swinfon Eady, Phillimore, and Bankes) affirming an order of the Divi- the subject will find, indeed, that Spain sional Court (the Lavril Cief Justice and pay for classed as neutral for the present, but that hor neutrality is not the Justices Darling and Lush), who refused fixed, irrevocable thing that he imagines. the appellant's application for the issue of
It is rather a state of equilibrium, the a writ of habens "corpus. The appellant On the Bukovina front, the · Rueins
resultant of many conflicting forces which contended that he was a person of no are actively as work to-day, and which advance towards their objective has neces
tionality. sarily slowed as they approach the core of The appellant was born at Neuwied, Ger-will oss nothing of their power is the war the German-Austrian resistance. When the left line-which, as I telegraphed from on January 30th, 1883. When he goes on.
The outbreak of war found Spanish Marmorita, had improved by the gain was 15 years old (in August, 1808) he left society divided from top to bottom. The fond: Lad faith aro one and indivisible; and
position of King Alfonso himself was nos free from difficulty. A French Bourbon on his father's side, he had entertained from his earliest days & warn affection for. Nesting countries no longer believe in France, where he had frequently been
German victory; they know that Cler received with every mark of cordiality and an finance is rotten to the core, and they respect. An Austrian Hapsburg on the saile at the fairy-tales of monster-inden uities with which Dr. Helfferich, the Gur- trian Archduke, counting many neay kits man Minister of Finance, still hanbouzles mon in the army of the Emperor Francis the stupid masses of his countrymen, Honce Joseph His love of England was gathe wasting Mark. Germany still produces anteed by the closest and most tender of quantities of materials, notably iron and all relationships, and by many ties of steel manufactures, of which the export is friendship and hospitality with British permitted, and which she needs to sell officers and sportsmen. At the Court of abroad because she must keep up at least Madrid vach of the belligerant nations as the simulacrum of an export businERY, Ger- its partisans, and rumor has it that in the man wierchants have booked large orders interests of harmony the topic of the war for such goods for future delivery, at war taboo within the Royal circle fron prie in marks, and as the value of the the early days of the conflict.
ark is steadily drooping, the buyers, wikin paying, have the advantage of the ebaage, This position is giving the greatest concern to the German Govern ment, which has now hit upon the plan of prohibiting, except under licence, the ex- portation of all the German goods which neatral countries most need. Licences are to be given, it seems, but, only on condition TJIKEMBANG that the buyer consents to pay from 20 to 50 per cent more for the goods than be had agreed to do, and this not only for merchandise to be delivered at distant dutos, but for everything which, on the date when the prohibition came into force, was still on the German side of the frontier. Fa this wesking business the Government and the local syndicates are, of course. general practice of the Gorman syndicate under one hat; Hitherto it has been the
deell at lower prices for export thun ta buyers at home, and it is on thy basis that the iron and steel contracts with neutra countries have been made which are now repudiated. Thu thing is being done in the met approved methodical German manier, As will be seen from our "German News" section, export syndicates for har iron, wire products, sheets, and all manner of ather things are being formed in Germany to take full control of foreign trade and to fix a new scale of prices which is to not less than the price to the German home buyer, plus the depreciation in the
hange
the Austrian are balling scross the wide valley narrowing to the Pruth,
Ivanoff's policy to hustle the enemy in open fighting wherever posible, and where the Russians possess superiority.
The appellant, therapon applied for a frantic driving Day and nightly there -against the trenches and entanglements writ of kaheng corpus,
The former are ined continually and in By salute of 1870 regulating nat on the resultant explosion the Russia swarmality in the North German Confederation forward, seize the crater, transform i (extended by a later statute to the whole feverishly into a stronghold, and thence of the German Empire), Germans who left maintain an inseant thrust assist the the territory, of the Confederation (now oney with hand-grenades and bayonet the Empire) and resided for 10 years un- sorties, never relaxing the dendly intensity interrupted y abroad ipfaet lost their ut the offensive. The line of trenches west nationality. By a German statute of 1913 of the post held by the Bulgariking was provision was made for renaturalization in twice mined and is now obliteratol.
certain ouses by enacting that former Germ
aturalized by his might be former Federal Stite on his own opplies tion, subject in the veto of the Imperisi Chancellor, without the necessity of settling
Germany.
FINE COSSACK CHARGE,
On the Dalester, the battle in the neigh. bourhood of Zaleszczyki, bruke from moorings of trenches and allowed the cavalry to come into action. A whole brigade of Casscles charged through the Austrian reserver which were being brought up, doing terribly execution
}
Mr. Seber, K.C. and Mr. Baty ap- peared for the appellant.
SYMPATHIZERS WITH GERMANY, The masses of the people were no less divided than the Court; but while the majority of King Alfonso's loyal subjects wote content to express their private views with moderation, the ant-dynastic parties, the Carlis's at the end of the seale, and the itant Republicans at the other, showed less discretion, The Carlists indved were stirred to an exceptional degres of activity. The speeches of the German E- peror, resounding with the name of God and breathing the spirit of an unlimited autocracy, were as west music in their ears, and they say in a German victory a unique chance of relieving their ruined fortunes. Their point of view was shared with some reservations by the Church an Mr. Sevillar, K.C.. contended that the by that aristocracy of birth and wealth appellant was a gratioman of nu nationality which is known as Society," and whe and (2) that the Crown had no power to though loyal to the dynasty, is neverthe The Austrian artillery in this we or hastern anyone who was not an alien enemy less reactionary by tradition, interest; and hon enormously reinforced by die are of and who was living under its protection.inclination. All these elements, with a few the great gunfire which has no ceased Under the German Act of 1870 the appel-notable exceptions, ranged themselves on during the past week-from the Skoda lant had none of the rights and duties of the side of Germany, and they were for- work, whose partial destruction is con- Graed here These works hny just a Germinal, and he could not resume tifed in their sympathies by the attitude of those rights and duties without taking sine the Corps of Officers, who looked upon a Sud their reputation 19 rivalling active step. Nationality depended upon Krupps by furnishing
the Austrian alleginnee, and when allegiance was broken crushing and speely German victory as a army with one of the most daunting nationality censed, It was the Geringn
foregone conclusion, weapons yet seen--a huge 12 inch shell municipal law which had to determine whe which announces itself with a reading howther the appellant retained his German fully 15 seconds before i lands with nationality, and that law had cunced that volcanic effect, mouling fire and smoke a person in his position lost his nationality, hundreds of feet high, and often excavating
The principle expressed by the maxim a crater sufficient to conceal a company of Nema potest eruere patriam, which former
ly prevailed, had been seriously paired - Two things are clear, to any observer of by madejla legislation in various counīgies. the actual fighting firstly whit com- Although there was to authority on the srienced narrowly localised battle on point, there was no objection in reason to The Strypi-Styp line has any developed holding that the appelant had no nations-
mfantry.
But if the aristocracy of birth and wealth were on the side of Germany, the aristocracy of intellect undoubtedly favour-be ed the Allies. The ablest politiciaus, tho great lights of the Universities, such as Altamira, Faton Cajal and Unatiuno, the such Gronzalez Hontoria most popular publicists and won of letters, and Blase Ibanes; in a word, all those thinkers and students of affair who know or cure what passes beyond their country frontiers, declared for England and
into a serious Russian offensive-which is ity. If he failed to satisfy the Haute upon France. Perhaps the most ardent of shipbuilding materials, and one at Berlin
JUDGMENT.
counterblast to the German purpoly to the pot it was unnecessary to argue the push forward into Besrabia" along the second point." Rumania frontier--prosecuted despite awful losses, with the utmost enrgy of the total resources of the Russian oferire Secondly, the Russians, who hay hitherto zuffered the handicap of a shortage of munitions, gums, and evin theži, art now meeting the enemy under conditions of equality in these respects.
INR.8.
GERMAN PROPAGANDA,
THE KING'S. ACTION,
sprang upon the buyers in neutral coun tries, but of course the German syndicate menger know about it beforehand, and it was made applicable to everything al- ready on order, even to merchandise on the way to the buyer. Germany says, in effect: goods as agreed prices and torms, and to "We have contracted with you to supply deliver them at stipulated dates. We shall do nothing of the kind, What are these contracts but Feisen Papier? Pay black- unless the buyer agrees to more onerous mail or go without 1" In other words, conditions, one of his goods on order will be allowed to love Germany until the ex- when the war is over. The German manu- pay prohibition in withdrawn-probably factures therefore have notified their cus
bombers in neutral coustries that orders
Tha prohibition of export applies to all German iron and steel products oxccpt Azoristeel rails and so-called semi-manufactured
articles. There are three central expor ofices no at Düsseldorf for heron, figured fron and hoops, on at Essen for for cold-rolled, galvanised, and other pro all our friends were to be found among ducts, Certain restrictions on export were that little party of "Reformistas" repre-in force previously, but the new prohibi The Lord Chancellor said that undoubtsented by Benores Azcarate, Melquiadetion dates from January 8h last. It was edy the applicant was originally a German Alvarez, Posada, and others, who were once citizen, and it was equally indisputable the brains and the backbone of Republican that he had never acquired anothar na Party, but who have lately rallied to the tionality. It was clearly established that Monarchy, as after all the best and safest natioanlity was not lost by residence in vehicle of progress and social reform another State, whether transitory or per. The Militant, Kopublicans expressed the has so strong an individual and nation!tion to that effect by the country in which interestedness, in the belief that a French Here, in this tiny, frivolous capital, life anest, in the absence of special legisla. same views with greater zeal and less dis colour, and thoughts, manners, and even the citizen was born. He desired to say victory would restore their dwindling in enstumes have such a pronoused favour nothing on the question whether this coun-fucco and give a new vogue to their dia of Buritania, that at first sight it appears try, would recognize a man as having no credited politica ideals. that the blood flowing on the frontier stirs nationality. It was a question of great in. no pube, ned that the enly evidences of portance, and it did not necessarily arise.
Whatever the King's private sympathics the European convulsion are apparent in for decision in this case, He desired only may have been, his action and that of his the universal wealth and the presence in to guard himself against boing supposed to Government wore determined from the first the thronged streets of multitudes of Ger- accept the proposition that a man could be by two main considerations. First, that
so regarded here. The only reason why it peace was the greatest of Spanish interest was said that the applicant had lost his and secondly, that the geographical past These Germans are employed in propa- which by a statute of 1872 bad been ex- obligations, imposed upon her the uccessity vationality wag thut by a statute of 1870, tion of Spain, coupled with recent political gauda, and are maintaining here an organi-tended to the whole of the German Empire, of living in close and friendly relations Bot yet executed or any partly exerted, en operating with a hinfant paucity, through absence from Germany for 10 yenes with England and France Don Alfonso cannot be completed, but that new contracts and housed in a great ofce-building em certaju defuite rights which a German is a man of clear sight and quick decision, will be accepted if placed through one of ploying 80 clerks and typists, its own print citizen possessed were lost.
the export-selling associations at the in- and he lost no tine in defining his position ing works, and running several news papers, including one in French
The words of the Act of 1870 were very While the neutrality of Spain was formal creased prices fixed by the manufacturers wide, and it was said that the effect of the ly prodaimed, he hastened to relieve the in agreement with the German Government, The latter argan contained a skilful Act was that a German by such absencs Fronch, by his personal assurance of all the average advance in price baing 30 per artio's showing that the English purchase lost his nationality. But to ascertain the anxiety concerning their frontiers both int. There are apparently certain excep of corn involves Rumania in the loss of thy meaning of the statute it was important to the Pyrenees and Morocco, an assurance contracts for steel girders and shipbuilding tions to this rule; for instance, running export tax which the Germans are paying bear in mind what was involved in vational-worth severa army corps to them at at materials are to be completed at the stipu It is stated that there are actually 50,000 it on ollut at til at critical moment. At the same time he tulated quotations. All future export cur Germans in the city, allah
nationality posed obligations g well as Higher official political circles are anxi-conferred rights It was not dear that red the British Government as to by watching the development of events the obligations imposed upon the applicant Spanisk designs upon Portugal, uiting which may at any moment render nou by his birth in Germany had been dissolved of the frontier garrisong in the valley of the action to the word by withdrawing pare trality impossible,
by what had taken place. The burden of the Tagus. Ag Spanish relations with both It was revealed further that strong forces proving that was on the applicant, and, in France and Portugal have not been en wore in that neighbourhood: and the pre-habis lordship's) opinion, that burden tirely free from fraction of late, his Ma sence of Germans on the Dobrudja front had not been discharged. was incontestably proved by the fact that upon a citizen was the duty of defending best traditions of the Spanish character One of the most important duties imposed Jesty's action in these matters displayed a today 30 Gormunu deserters surrendered in the rights of his country by arms. It was and a pleasing contrast to the huckstering generosity thoroughly in keeping with the
nowhere stated that the obligation of the accumulation of troops in the triangle Rust been taken away, and there was good rea-AN ANTI-BRITISH CAMPAIGN.
The authorities ascertained that a recent applicant, to serve the German Empire ha methodi which have lately been a too can prohibiting, as a retaliatory measure, the
mon feature of international dealing. chuk-Dzumaja-Varna is construed as a son why the affidavit had not proceeded mass to the Russian concentration: 6b further in the matter. By a German Act The course of Spanish policy was thus Bepi, on the northern Rumanian frontier, of 1874 a man in the position of the appli early marked out by the King and his the objectiva being feint or a real ad-caat, if he returned to Germany for pur Prime Minister, Senor Dato, in accordance varon across Rumanian territory against poses other than a transient visit, would with the common sense and interest of the be liable to be called on to take up arme, ocuntry. It gained the whole hearted sup I had a conversation early in the mornand, although a limit was imposed upon port of all the party lenders, from Besor ing with M Filipescu, the leader of the the operation of the statute in times of Maura, on the Right to Senores Lerroux Conservatives and former War Minister, peace, no such limit was imposed in time and Iglesias, on the Left, and could count paign of vituperation against England, who was lately invited by the Germans to of war. It followed that if the applicant upon a practically unanimous vate in both while the followers of Senor Maurs, the visit the battle front and inspect the evi-returned to Germany he would at once Houses of Parliament. But the neutrality so-called "Jovenes Mauristas," esa clear dences of victory and the reserves of man become liable to take his place in the force of Spain as officially defined is a term of sighted than their leader, nered upon a and material.
in the field..
wide meaning. Under it Spain became a course of political rowdyism designed te He is going, however, to Russia as a guest'
Further, by a Gorman Act of 1913 this valuable source of supply of foodstuffs wern Ministers against any excess of beno- of the Tear to visit the Russian front. He man, although he had lost his citizenship raw material, and manufactures for such of volence towards the Allics, Needless to Expressed himself frankly favourable to the citizenship of another country could always that they could pay for them and and his colleague, the Marques do Lems, by the Act of 1870, if he had no acquired the belligerente sa required them provided say, their efforts were vain. Benor Dato policy of an early intervention against the have the citizenship of the country of origin take them away. This condition of things well knew that all this sound and fury did Central Powers saying that he considered given back to him though he remained here, operated entirely to the advantage of the not represent the voice of the Spanish. it essential to Rumania's realisatios of her and if he returned to Germany to reside Allies, owing to their having command of nation, and they held on their straight and sepirations that she should speedily become he would be at liberty to apply to be rein the 60s; and Ministers, who exercised a steady course. The same policy in being. an alement in the eventual victory of the stated, and that country would have no wide discretion, and could facilitate Entente ERA
followed today by their muccessors, and if power to refuse him, In these circum obstrue, the provision of much supplies in that course seems momentarily to run loss M.Filipescu added that the question of stances he (bis lordship) was unable to say thousand ways, were subjected to con- smoothly than before this is not due to aby the advisability of armed intervention he that the applicant discharged the burdenstant pressure by the partisans of both lack of good-will on the pirs of Count caused a severance between himself and Mcast upon bio of showing that he had so sides. The Carlists and their friends were Homatoes, whose sympathy with the Allies Bratinuo, but in the absence of an utter completely divested himself of his Gorman especially, violent. By their organ, the is notorious, or to any change in the bal disaster to the Entente, intervention at nationality that he could be treated hore Correa Espanol, which maintains cleance of parties, but rather to causes of date which be naturally did not divulge as though he were not a German citizen, relations with the Germ Embassy in a different kind which require serious at
The appeal failed.
Madrid, they started an unscrupulous cam tention-Times.
that region,
Bessarabia.
was inevitable
....
tracts, we understand, are to be made is kroner, florins, or francs as the base may currency of the buying country and not in marks. Importers of German goods in Scandina via, Holand, and Switzerland are plan. ning concerted action against this new Ger
for assistanoc.. Thero is talk in Sweden of ma repudiation of treaties, and have called upon their respective Governments
exportation of cortain article that are needed by Germany. The Dutch Govern. at has bees requested to ask Germany for explanations and to insist that at least such contracts as were made before Jan- uary 5th shall be carried out as the agreed will be of the slightest use, conditions, but we doubt if any protests.
Steamers
ARAKAN...
Sailings Subject to Change Without Notice.
From
Expec' ed
Will leave
For
JAVA
JAVA
7h April.
9th M.y.
1th April SAN FRANCH CO
12th May.
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For Particulars of Freight and Pasgo, apply tof
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