NATIONAL SERVICE IN
FRANCE.
THE HISTORY OF A PRINCIPLE.
TWO TAMOUS DEURES.
A fellow-fooling makes us wondrous kind, and to this must be attributed, in Jarge measure, the new growth of warm septient in France, as expressed in pub lic and private, over the British accept ance of compulsory military servics. It is worth tons of argument as a demonstra- tion of our earnestness in the fight.
The principle of conscription hits been
UNI HIER Taruna UKER SKI TIMI MOX, OF JETT THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS8, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28mm, 1986,
BACK TO THE LINE.
BUSINESS OF “GOING UP.”
[BY PHILIP GIRES] There is always movement behind the battle-line, of divisions"
#coming down. You must of divisions
going up and have seen the truth of war with naked eyes to know the difference in the hearts of men who are going up and coming down, and during recent days, 25 on any day of any month, the roads to the front have been full of this traffic. It socis like game of Family Post only there are no kisses for the forfeit (at least, they are not included in the Army regu- lations), nor approved, officially, by the A.P.M. Large families of soldiers are
area, where they have made themselves at home, for a few weeks be-
**WE WILL WIN.”
LORD DERBY'S CONFIDENCE
REAL STRENGTH OF THE ENEMY.
STORES OF GUNPOWDER, T.N.T..
AND WAR CHEMICALS.
The London correspondent of the New Fork Herald writes the following soconut of an interview with the Earl of Derby --- ten," said Lord Derby, we will continue period long before the outbreak of wat
Whether the war lasts two years or
It has already been shown how from a to hang on and fight until the Germans are Germany began to take steps enormously thoroughly thrashed I don't know how it is to increase her power of production in going to be done that is a matter for the regard to arms and munitions of war. settle--but I do know it is going to be necessary for commanders of our Army and Navy to
In order to manufacture the pierie acid Germany Sentit öl sulphur. done, and the Empire wilt and the wa
secured
an enormous from Italy, the importation of which into But the Germans say," I interposed, terminal
for & cumber of years. in the them at Mone, and that your officers orjergies to the production of immense compared with the hardy force that most writes Lieut. Col. Rouatom Bek, in
Daily Express, She then devoted her far below the standard of those lost dur quantities of TN.T., of which she aceam-
The new armie, are
even the war she was exporting it to other
to
" that your new armies are not to bo
Jong ccepted in Frances though thers fenly ordered to shift from their ing the early fighting made up of evin lated such large stores that just before
better
with glory is the retroas
abeyance those moments coinciding with bind the lines. They have been having me than the force that covered countries at the rate of about 23, 20, PT |
were moments when it was more or less in depression in the fortques of the nation. While it is true that, at the outset. volun- taryism rallied all the necessary recruite to the Revolutionary Aag, it became sary carly in the life of the Convention to emphasize the duty of every citizen to serve the country. This was outlined in the famous decree which said. The ser- of the country is a civic and general daty Later this soms ruthless driving power of the war ordered national, levies, Then enmo tho Decree of August. 1783,
declared that until the e which were the Republic, Frenchmen
all
were permanent. by at the diapusal of the authorities. The said the young men will go to battle, second article, the married men will forge weapons and transport stores, the women will make tents and clothes and serve in
good time, out of shell range and it is hard to leave and go back to the line and the nasty places. But there is not much emist Flemish bodies in the village shop, from small time for leave-taking from buxom boya who hang about the heels of English soldier, like frisky puppy dogs, and from the inhabitants of farmsteada, who are very friendly folk between the hours of business.
and the advances from the Marne,"
Derby replied, Though we can never replace or find the equals of the gallant othcers the best in the world-who gave gone out, I have no hesitation in saying that is in an apports to those of
new armies are superior
of Germany to day. Don't forgot that Ger many has suffered much greater losses thinn we have, and that while she is now draw So in a few hours after the order haning upon her dregs-the old and the unfit is only introducing a limited come the brigade is on the road again, measure of compulsion to fetch the single
Britain struggling out for miles, with its hors slackers who failed, though it, to transport deep in the ruts here and there,
teer to fight for their country and its cookers with a trail of black smoke from the funnels, and its gen limbers making a great rattle on the cob-
voluu
like
the
kilogramme 45.). The
present price is £1 per kilogramme
Before
supplied the whole wo the war Germany at from 5s, to 6 per kilogramme. Among of all kinds gunpowder of all her gunpowder factoring at that time were the Kölner Rothwell, in Cologne, tiny director of which Dr. Müller, often said that Germany
productive capacity would enable her to blow up world; the Kölnoz Westfälische factory, fälische Anhaltische factory in Berlin, is also in Cologne; and the West- the director of which, Dr. Fredmann, be came famous as the "gunpowder king”
which
of Germany.
SCONE OF FACTORIES.
wil the
other po bench cho empirichir
But are you not afraid his lordship was asked, that the passage of this mea the for twenty-four hours or so the billoting Civil Wols in New York during
Director General of Recruiting... becauso the have established in the
I don't think so, said the
the hospitals, the children will red litter of straw, and odds and ends of labour element is heart and soul in unisoni
inflame the cour
There were also twenty other factories in parts of the in named.
Since the war other factorica Бесп
the annexed pro visces.
It must be noted also that in Berbia
Obelitchevo, near Kragujevatz: a large gunpowder factory, with a capacity of 1,200 lbs. of smokeless powder ned 1,000 lbs of black powder, por day, besides powerful machinery
for the manufacture of ammunition T
against the Kings, and to promote the great bodies of men were encamped. The with all other elements of our life in the the Austro-Germans have captured, at
aga
bandages, and the old will, be
men to.. the public
squares to of the warriors, to excite their hatred unity of the Republic. This was a brave programe, and it showed that the prin- oiple of the nation in arms had become
a reality.
THE NAPOLEONIC SYSTEM DE It was not necessary, however, tv tako all the young mon available, and the nun ber of the annual contingent was fixed ac cording to the necessities. The method adopted was the drawing of lots and Inter law Voluntary engagements By a money payment was allowed for substitu tion, and this was the system under which Napoleon formed his armies, When his sucerases were at their height he had no difficulty in finding the necessary number of men by the two methods of enlistment and conscription; but when the country wag becoming exhausted by a long series of campaigng the pressure of the recruiting sergeant became a greater factor in the enlistment,
Then came a reaction in 1814, Worried with mach fighting, the country set its face against further military adventurs, and the principle of national service no jonger hold. The result was that the army dwindled to nothing, for enlistment no longer sufficed to All the regiments. Thus compulsion came back again in the early
of the Restoration, under vion St. Cyr Law: But this legislation had to be strengthened by a new enact- ment, due to Marshal Soult, Conscrip- tion then became the normal mode and on- gagement, the supplementary one. The system lasted 20 years, until there was atr urgent call for reform owing to the song- dalous abuse of substitution, Agencies had been created to foster it and to circum- vent the law in subterranean" ways,
area from which all this has gone bag a deserted look, and only a few boards and military refuse mark the places where very cats in the village, prowl round with a lonely look, newing after the men whe were friendly fellows to loan cats and baldheaded babies and other defenceless ercatures on the edge of the great death trop. But it is only for a little while this golitude. The division which tack to the line is relieving another sion which is coming down for a rest after ite spell in the trenches. They have taken over the samo billeting area. Into the villages again como exactly the same kind of mea as those who hayo just gone away. very young with enormous appetite with the same, be first, and rather but rather hollow-eyed jumpy when the door hangs in a draught, and covered from head to foot with whitish mud when they first co so tired that they, fall asleep over first meal in the cottage, where the other. men lived.
SEARCHING FOR FRIENDS:
their
This shifting of troops makes it difficult to find a friend. Ten to ong his battalion has just moved away on the very day of big visit, or the day before. So it was the other day when I went in search of a offer whose brigade 1 End first loon tod. I traqxd it from one vinge to a soldies who had been left behind waved his land to the far horizon
had
T
when
inflexible determination to win the war.
Why," he added, if one of our greatest problems has been to prevent the miners railroad men, deckers, and others, who are needed at home, from enlisting."
FEAISE FOR NEW ARMIES,
What truth is there in the German charge that large numbers of men in the Now Army are clerks and others who have been engaged in sedentary occupations and are therefore very poor material for the trenches "
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In creating their factories for ammu KARIMOEN e, explosives, and chemical substances the Germans did not consider the danger of these provinces being recaptured. Their TJIKEMBANG only idea was to manufacture as much as possible of the necessary material as closely as circumstance would allow to the APAKAN..
reumatice would allow battle linn,
The best answer to that, Lord Decoy replied is that the elite of the Prussian army have met our Territorials, largely for the Germans and practically establish- la Belgium this task was an easy one, clerks and office men, and you know, howed their industries there even before the our Terriers, as they are affectionately was. For instance, at Lidge there is a The Germans may as well understand unce whick oxisted under the name " Fabrique large armoury and ammunition factory, and for all that Britain will send more Nationala dag Armes de Guerre. mon and better men the tonger the war Jasts, until Germany is completely beaten. factory was founded by the firm of Lowe
& Co., of Berlin. Territorials, Our new armies, unlike the who had only perfunctory drills before they met and vanquished the enemy are being toughened and trained to the our and when they are put to tho test they will meet it just as our glorious Canadians and the immortalizace met the enemy in France and Gallipoli.
resources, ta
Knowing as we de, the German chur- actor and their contempt for the national feeling of the populations of captured countries, we can be certain that Belgium at the present moment has been transform ed by them into a gigantic factory for arms, ammunition, and war material
Such a tremendous undertaking, like war Lord Derby stated that the response to itself, require the expenditure of scal the call for volunteers, though a certain or
in money. Has Germany
to carry on this work t yougiacos! in that direct and suchas gratifying, and must have
THE TREASURY. They've gone fuck another time, and Germany that But I found my ban waving a friendly hand from the other side of a muddy lake, which was the village high street. God to see you, he said. We're going to the line shortly, so you're just in time to catch us." Only he didn't say those words quite as they are written. because The next effort for an equitable adjust was a Gordon, and old Scotland was in the intonation of his voice. 19 ment of military servico envisaged the
All the village was full of Gordons, not formation of a fund out of which re downcast in their looks, slthough they engaged soldiers were paid bonus. The
wore going back to that line where still, fund was made up of contributions from those who wished to escape service. But beyond the Baches and the barbed wire in barren fields where only vermin creeps, the remedy was worse than the discase, for it lowered the profession, of arms in the lie the bodies of young man who were eyes of those who followed it, and of their comrades, and to the line which i have enlisted for immediate service since evident that though the German trea
general públic. Only those were soldiers who could not escape the obligation, or were paid to undertake it,
the e, and lead from machine-guns over target of high explosive and snipers". the way. These kilted boys were whist ling in the backyards of untidy little farmsteads and bungling into "doorways of whitewashed cottages, and
going down the street with swinging kilts and mud splashed knoes and the ewagger of spien- did boyhood. I was sorry they had to gu back to the dirty ditches over there.
element had failed to was mozo
that Britain would never Ia Britain there general impression bentes. We will get the men-you see that Germany is on the eve of financial how they are pouring in from Australia collapse, but in truth her economical state Canada, New Zealand, China, and from all the outposts of the Empire, many thou preparing so carefully for the desired not so bad sa has been supposed. While for the sands of them
paying their way
of Motherland, gang for the War Germany certainly did not neglect proud
this important factor. war would last Asked how long the war Lord Derby replied. That is a question
for Lord Kitchener to answer. He soemis to have been the one man who, at the out broak of hostilities, foresaw it would be a long was, but no matter how long it lasts, we are going through with it. We will and all the men who are needed-750,000 we began to organise the group system we have set out to win on land as well as by sea, and we will win."
back. Then he had his leg amputated and died. A grand old man!" said one of the young officers, pr
THE NATIONAL GUARD Nevertheless, this state of affairs con sued until 1888, when Marshal Niel pro posed universal service to the Imperial begislature. The project was particular ly appropriate because of Prussia's vio tories over Southern Germany. But Por- hament, fearing for its popularity at the elections, then close at hand, temporized Finally, it rejected the Bill and effected certain alterations" in the existing law. Thereafter was formed the National Guard of men exempt from service, but there was to time to organize it before war with Gor many broke out. Though deprived of training and possessing little discipline, the body was yet able to render some ser Vice, and it was in this force that Lord Kitchener served As
As a young volunteer
Ab a table in Boulogne a few days be After the war and its tragic lessons suctore & French girl deared over to her
They told several stories about the cessive French Governments tried to build father and whispered to him; Look at
"padre” of the battalion-a person who apa national army on the old Republican that young officer: Is he not superb them all merry and bright, and is very lives with them in the trenches, and keeps lines that every citizen owed service to the Like the young god Apollo" This young useful in handing up the bathe when there State Beginning with five years, the term Apollo at as a machine-gun afhoor, esting of service was lowered to three, then to shortbread with us, a typical young Scot, creed includes the killing of Germans and an attack on the line. (His Christian two, and then restored to three a year bu with straight now and grey eyes and short he is not worried by the parados. After foro the present hostilities, and in circum straw-coloured hair. One of the officers stances which are familiar to all. Do
the great attack on the Hohenzollern Re near him was a lusty follow, dark haired doubt, when our casualties vero beavy he bound by the disastrous pre- clining cedent of 1868. M. Barthen, the Premier,
look about him, like a Beau the courage to carry through the Three Years Bill in the teeth of opposition,
My Highland friend was decorated for gallantry, and the others round the table And as only a looker on of way I felt had been through the great ordeal of that sorry again when I sat in the battalion day with the same valour. But they andquarters with the young Gordons spoke audacious jest about their desire who were round the same deal table in to escape from the firing line to the safer the cottage parlour, Here were six of dignity of the General Stuff, and the best way to get invalided home, and the com- the handsomest young men whom even Scotland could send out the flower of mon-sense of keeping a whole skin. her youth splended in their animal When in doubt, said the Beau Brum- mel in kilts. " always retire,” For ano strength, with strong, clean-made limbe, and very fine and simple in their insof our first-class fighting men this was a ners, like all Scottish gentlemen.
good joke, received with #roop of laughter.
A YOUNG APOLLO,
HEROIO CHAPLAIN, -
issued
In 1898 the German Minister of Finance strict and secret order to all the
of
working work of the empire that one-third of the capital, as well as the reserve funds must be kept in gold. For instance. £10,000,000 sed the reserve fund £5.600,- the Deutsche Bank, whose capital is 000, was obliged to keep
in gold, £6,200,000 iz
banks, it As this order applied to all it is
that Great Britain, and far less with the tree sury cannot be compared with sury of all the Allies together, she has chanum for a long time to come, and this
enough to rur ber mechanism will continue to work with the same accuracy and method as hitherto unless the Allies succeed in damaging it. The most sensitive part of that me chanism is its marvellous organisation, and it is on this that our blow must be directed. We must not forget that the not in her real strength of Geramay army or navy, in hoy monstrous guns or other war machinery, but wholly in the perfect organisation of the whole nation,
MAORIS AS FIGHTERS.
BELVE AND ORKERFUL.
The Maori contingents at the front have "created an excellent impression on account of the splendid fighting qualities the men have displayed.
in adapting themselves to conditions in The natives showed wonderful aptitude Gallipoli and were soon among the best left New Zealand in command of the No. troops there," stated Captain Pitt, who 2 Company of the Maori contingent, and has been invalided home on rheumatism and other troubles. He said
account of
and dark-eyed, and with a curiously he went out beyond the trenches, and that their ancient pride of race and
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PASSENGERS. ÆRRITED.
of a coone of the Staffordshires who lay the Mauris ideal barrack room soldiers, that was always flickering about there in a crowd of dead. The Gorman hig lips, and an ironical way of speech.
man and they might lack the rigid discipline for the active army, but established abso- They spoke of their own Gordons most of machine-guns were busy, and there was of regular troops, but when practical work lute equality for all citizens, Previous the time they spoke of their men with a
no great distance from the German line was wanted they wore there every time. legislation had tampered with the prin kind of laughing wonder at their uncons to that clergyman who tramped through ciple and had created a large class of
that they had he collected a large number of identifien- divided the companies up among some of exts, querable spirit. There was one fellow the darkness to the abandoned dead. But bract, the authorities had been saint- who, on various pretexts, escaped with in months service with the vinced to the German in her tion lisos, and found the body of the the claers. The Maoris rather rosented colours. But the objections to this course mouth-organ at a walk At a walk (yo
line playing Colonel, and brought it back.
this, as they would sooner have remained werd so apparent, not only from a demo-
Aoun, as this story had been told the together. They had displayed great gods) when shells were bursting eratic but from a military point of view, bead in a frightful tempest over chaplain himself cams in and sat down to bravery, and were invariably cheerful.
Zable with us. He was a bright-eyed, that the Third Republic was forced in its
Per Haikong, from Coast ports, ete, for own defence to insist on tho
One company went forward to the song alert man of middle-age, and seemed to adequado training of all citizens, Thanks to the of the "Robert E. Lee, with slightly me more of the soldier type than the
Hongkong, Mrs. Misscs (2) and Master Dobinson Mr G Eyerman, Miss A Bri- operation of this messure, the great re altered words to suit the Gordons. After priest. Are the men sorry to be treat from the Belgian frontier in August, wards in the trendle they had bad a bard hack to the line?': Lasked Notepag
tenfeldt, Mr L. D. McNicoll, Mr. A. E. blood, but even then they did not lose time, when water was often mixed with be said, "but they make the best of it. Wednesday, 1st March,
Coppin, Rev. A. Tewesbury, Mrs. L Other officers from time to time. 3pm-Roup of at the Fountain, Bennett, G. H. base of buses. Stuid and penny hoog, Oue of home to looked very ill and palo, posle the Cir lisi, b Alrbers, Hogbee Renar. d. L. Berckor, Mrs, End
& Hough, staring down a communication treach with said goodbye, because he was going to bo
Hidrith, Dr. H. W: Newman, Miss M. a love one they cool down town left behind in agital have ground to
leer in his eye.
an hospital That sound to Thursday, 2nd March
Howard, Mrs. and Miss Sterling, Master 11.80 Hongkong & Kow's Wharf and Misses (2) Bruhn, the Grand Fleet for maneuvres.
In that but beneath all their jokes there was the Godown Co, Ltd., Meeting of Shareholders, In a certain village in Fife a number September fighting in a the
the thoughts of all the underlying gravity of men who are on the Frid 7, 3rd March men g ifsimple "folk are boarded out among a Gordon battalion pl pipe-major eve of another ordeal in which life Is Ananal Flower and Vegetable Show.
hig men question of chance. I wished good luck in the Botanic Gardens. the workpeople. One of these was a man of miliary ago, and be was approached by
forward, and then wes struck below the to all the Gordong and went away. Soon Saturday, tih March bee. But he would not be touched by a their billet
10:30 etingca will be empty. They
m-Aristal
Flower and Vegetable the canvasser under the Derby scheme and ductor until the others had been tended will go up. And, from week to week, how in the Botanic Gardena asked whether he intended to enlist M He was a grant of men and ro heavy come come down ang some go up, and this - 1.80 pin "The Angel in the House" by the enlist t ?? he cried. **And a war on! Dae that no stretcher could hold him. So they grisly war goes on with so much waste of
Hongkong Ansteur Dramatic Club, in ald we think I'm daft !”
put him on a torpoulia and carried him splendid youid–Daily Telegraph.
of Blue Cross Band.
1914, was carried out for the Commander in-Chief had ga admirable justrumont int
in Paris
back
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