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--
08-11
HAVE YOU A
BAD LEG
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 23RD, 1913.
VISITORS AT HOTELS.
HONGLONG
Mr Goo. E. Anderson Mr B. La Alkinaen - Mr H. Murray Eain Me J. H. Baring
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Mrs E. B. Eolition
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IN MESOPOTAMIA.
ITS FEATURES AND DIFFICULTIES.
The Allies occupation of a strip of the Dr. & Mr O. Marriott Gallipoli Peringule has immensely weakened Turkey's powers of offensive both in the Caucasus and in the fourth theatre of action-Mesopotamia, says Sir Thomas Eoldich.
Mr H. V. Mckeen Mr J. Marookl Hr B.K. Mobts Er & Mh. 3.
head
Mr A Nasim Mr Niasim
Mr E. G. Norman Mr. J. Ormiston' Mr Ja, Ormiston
K
WAR AND MASSACRE IN PERSIA.
30,000 KURDS FROM THE HILLS,
"TEN" GARDEN OF EDEN,
The two great river, no longer meet st the Garden of Eden " (Karna), but run to junction at Magil, four or five miles north of Basen. At Nassriyeh the Turky massed a considerable foroo and joined by a gathering of Arab fanation About a fortnight ago I arrived at this and tribesmen. They then gradually moved down over the dry sand and grave old Persian town, which during the last of the desert towards Shaiba, wheikh is eight month, has probably suffered more hardly more than ten miles to the south- west of Baere. On April 11th, the whole from war, panic, and massacre than any Turkish force pushed forward, after mink- other parts of the Middle East, writes Mr ing a most cashing reconnaissance of our M. Philips Price from Urumiah in Sep. position, and this led ultimately to the Mr & Mrs W. B
What may have been the original inten-battle of Bhaiba on the 14th It was a tomber, Situated in the centre of a fertile Neighbourion of may have ben tre grigins, which soldier battle, all through, and was plain on the south-west shores of the lake,
won by sheer gallantry and determination called on India to dispatch a compara on the part of ont infantry in attacking Utumih hes within easy distance of the Turc-Persian frontier. The border moun- tively work force up the Persian Gulf the Turkish trenches.
The Turkish position was a scientifical-tains are easily seen from the old city to undertake a campaign which has been Bo completely detached from the fighting selected line of about two miles in wails, tooming forbiddingly against the length at the foot of a slope with second areas in Europe as to reader it almost line on the flat plain above, eigth hun skyline. Boyond lies Turkey-Asia, whonce obscure, it is impossible to say. Was dred yards behind the command being igne all the misfortunes that have befallen there any idea thas the occupation of perfect and the defence directed by Ger this beautiful land since last autumn.
man officers. The attack was made in three lines by brigades at intervale, and the result is now a matter of history. The Turks were driven out of their trenches, and retreated hustily for forty or fifty miles. The rout was improved by cavalry pursuit--not our own cavalry, but that of the Kurds and Arabs of the tribal contingent Most of the German officers were killed. So little has been written or said of this most successful action that I cannot resist just a passing Dorsets, who have been well to the front, from the very beginning of the campaign: and to the 117th. Mahrattas, who, like the Rajputs at Abważ have shown us that it
Pare
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Hanzital
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C Basra would inevitably lead further that it would involve a series of pitched battles Malong mo three hundred miles of the Tigris valley, reaching into the very heart of Mesopotamin and ending possibly at Baghdad? I doubt it.
Mr. F. H. Sawyer MW. B. Sobreder Mr & Mrs J. R. Shaw Mrs Shooker Mr T. W. SitemÖNS Capt H. Simpson Mr & Mrs L. Sjostedt Mrs M. Blade Mr K. Stanley Smith Mr W. H. Sunith Mr V. Sorby
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pu, vårong
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in
The conditions of campaigning Mesopotamia are essentially different, to
I found the seiztry in the height of the third panic that has seized it during those troublots times. The road was crowded with refugees, and on everyone's lips were the words "The Turks are coming again."
was actually controlled by two of the worl Turkish officials that over silicted the ourth Baghib Boy, former Turkish Oog- 84) at Tabriz, and Neri Bey, former Kai- makam of Nochis. The sole object of these men was to collect supplies for the Turkish army and to embroil Pargin in the war, and they adopted the most dastardly
methods to put thoir designs into effect. of Persia under a reign of terror which For three months these men held his part horrified even the local Moslems thom- solves.
They started by collecting the sum of the native Peralans, "mujahids,” religious and professional revolutiomrin. There is no doubt that due armed hauds of ruffians which these men organised were, with the Turkish authorities, responsible for all the massacre and crime of the ensu ing days. The Kurds from all accounts be haved more moderately. After filling their to the moumains, having little desire to pockets with loot they wanted to return ake part in serious campaign against Russia. The majority of the Persian population also had no desire to recruit for the Turkish army, while the best of them did their utmost to protect the Christians against their co-religionista. Indeed, the. Persian Government had a force of police under a young Shah-seven, Arad-el-Him- mayun, who did excellent work in prot.ct- ing the Christians against the armed
bands.
those in any European theatre of war in salaam to that most gallent regiment the stroyed, the inhabitants having all fled to 22nd, when 60 Christians were arrested
which we have been engaged. They are guiltless of any great strategic com plexity. The difficulties to be overcome both physically and climatically, are dif- ferent, and to a certain extent the charac teristics of the enemy are different. The principle of enveloping the enemy forces by outflanking a long line of front cannot be carried to the same extent as in Europe, so that there is no indefinite extension of action out into the desert and flats of Mesopotamin'; concentration becomes more possible, and tactical die positions are more or less analogous to those of the pre-Boer period. Conse: quently the result of a battle is decisive in a messure which has not been attained in any battle in Flanders or Russia. victorious engagement ends in a rout, and cavalry can be used in pursuit. In short, the main strategic scheme is reduced to a straight advance along the valley of the Tigris, supported by the gans of the river flotilla; and the dispersal of the enemy forces wherever a stand is made.
not only Sikhs and Gurkhas and Patbans who can fight for India. Basta was thus completely relieved and the next move up the Tigris to Amara was made in order to secure that most important strategic centre from which enemy forces would be concentrated on either Ahwaz or
Kurna
Then occurred the dramatic incidont when the General commanding (who was
The villages of the Syrian Christians were all destroyed, the inhabitants were all de
the Caucasus. The other inhabitants (mostly Persians) were the sole inhabitants of the plain, and were sullenly waiting to fall on and lost the remment of Christian property as soon as the handful of Cos sacks who guarded the plain thould be ro- moved. To add to the confusion, armed bands of Nostorian Christions from the mouetains were roving the plans ready to. fall on defenceless Mahommedans who
Outside
the walls of the city I found the American Mission College and hospital, whose brave workers have withstood this year of mas sacro and disease with a courage, the fame. of which would echo through all Europe if Europe had ears to listen, With them I have spent many valuaba hours, and, he ing the first from the outside world to reach thig spot, I have now the full story of the past reign of terror.
The crowning shame came on February
and taken out of the French Mission imprisoned without reason, Representa yards, where they had taken refuge, and tions from the missionaries cheited the promise that nothing should happen to these men without a fair trial. That night, a loud fusillade was heard at a hill outside
morning a Christian, torn and bleeding, the town, and in the early hours of the crawled into the mission compound with ghastly story. He described how at mid- night he and his companions were marched out in chains into the darkness, and ob arrival at the hill they were shot by rifle then stabbed with daggers and hayopets men at a few yards' range. They were and thrown tuto shallow, hastily dug graves, But one man escaped in the dark nee. He was partly buried with his head out of the ground, but with great difficulty, managed to worm his way out.
ANOTHER MASSACRE,
Before help
a little ahead of his troops) received the should venture too far from their little surrender of the Turkish garrison ere he village fortresses. Such wore the coadi was supported by more than thirty mentions of the Urumiah plain sa I entered it There was no fighting, each Turkish detachment drifting in across the plains the other day with my caravan. from Abwar being secured as it arrived. But this prompt occupation of Amara, Aimportant though it was (in so far as 16 blocked the tract from Baghdad to
Two days later another desd of horror Ahwaz), did not effect a complete com mand of all the waterways between
was committed. A head of Persian muja Baghdad and Basrs. It held the Tigr's route, but did not sover that by which
hids entered the village of Gulpashan, bad massed troops at
near Urumiah, and at that very moment the Turkish guards, which had been put the enemy Nasariyeh following the Shatt aldri
there to proteat it, disappeared. The ruf- THE KURDS DESCEND.
fians instantly arrested 45 Syrian Chris southward from Kut-al-Amara. It was
The troubles began on October 1st, bo necessary in the first instance to hold the tween that river and the Shatt-al-Hai, fore war had been declared between Tur- tians and held them up for 15.000 tomang Euphrates at the point of junction be near Nasariyeh. This was secured by an key and Russia. On that day swarms of ransom The poor peasants diegorged all amphibious expedition from Kuros which Kards uddenly descended from the moun- they had, but could not find a quarter of must have been almost unique. Between tains and attacked five Christian, three the huge sum demanded. wading and boat navigation Nasariyeh Sundi, and two Shiah Mahammedan vil- could arrive the 45 men were marched out was reached at last, and the enemy forces lages of the plain. After some difficulty at stead of night and hacked to pieces with there collected were dispersed after some tho were beaten off by the Russian troops knives and bayonets. The mangled remains fighting. It would be difficult to say of on November 4th, when it was discovered werp left and buried next day by sn this expedition whether the honous of that, among the dead left on the field were American missionary. When I visited the saccces should be claimed by the Navy or the Army, but I understand that the many Turkish soldiers, including officers spot I could still see gruesome remains
Still who had disguised themselves as Kunds, bones, battered skulls, and hits of clothing Naval contingent arrived first, there remained in front of our long suffer. The excuse given by the Turks for thirlying about. Here again another vietim I subsequently spoke with this man and g Army the all-important position of breach of Persian neutrality was that arms escaped with a bayonet wound, and, feign- Kuta Amara, with Was at least one had been given to some of the Kurbishing death, reached the Americno Mission. hundred and fifty miles further up the tribes and to the Syrian Chrstians. As Tigris from Amara. The movement for a matter of fact, the Christians were not got his full story. Not content with this. ward from Amara in the intense heat of organised into volunteer banda till after however there human flends re-entered late summer (somewhat modified them by this raid, when the danger of violation of the village, seized forty women, and are- The horror of this night go staggered the After the declaration of war large forces dry winds and comparatively cool nights) Persian territory by Turkey was evident tematically violated every one of them:
of Kurds entered Persian territory and better class of Persians in Uramish that was effected without serious opposition.
one of them told the writer that should a marched on Urumiah, but on Desember 28th, were dispersed by a few Cossacks judgment come from heaven it would be and Syrian volunteers. Then, with the sent for this wickedness, And indeed the
lever broke out and carried away Moslem eption of alarms, nothing very serious judgment was not long in coming for to happened till the New Year, when all of a add to the horrors of this time typhoid sudden the Russians were compelled to vacante all Persis on account of the sad den advance of the Turks in the Caucasus
of
This comparative simplicity of military action is mainly due to the geographical conditions governing the country, which, so far as the valleys of the Euphrates and Tigris are concerned, with their schward connection the Shatt-al-Arab-i-deltaic, flat and water-loggod at certain seasons over vast areas reaching out east and west from the rivers. Basrs, which was occur pied on October fat, after a series skirmishes in which the Turks were driven from walled defences, has some times been called the Venice of the East. The application of the term, however, refers to little else than the waterways which, like those of Veniou, answer all the For the purposes of social movement. rest there is a large and interesting native town, and a colony of European merchants who are by no means averse from & vicarious residence there. After the occupation of Basra it was not long before it was found necessary to occupy Kurns, forty miles further up the Tigris, This was not effected without an engage- ment in which the Naval contingent were conspicuously useful.
FIRRCE AHAB TRIBES.
BENDE AND TWISTS,"
on Kars.
The
ply of medicine and disinfectants. and Christian alike. There was only a
missions of the French and Americans handful of doctors and a very limited sup
were filled with 20,000 refugee, all crowd- Eye-wited into yards which could scarcely hold
The tactical problems presented were those due to the extension of marshes close up to the river, the extraordinary The Arab tribes of the lower Mesopo-bonds and twists in the river itself, and Mrs B. J. Mitchell Mr & Mrs J. W. While tamia are fierce and fanatical; they are an occasional obstacle such as a canal opportuniats (like all Arabs) ready to that might be one hundred yards across and family
take advantage of any chance that Allah and thirty feet deep. There were obvious may offer them, They are expert horse opportunities for strong opposition. The Never general action at Kut was fought on
The scenes that followed the Russian men, but indifferently armed.
Beptember 28th, asd ended in the defeat Mr & Mrs W. A- Mr V. Martin and having been brought to reason by the in and dispersal of the Turkish troops, who evacuation were indescribable.
nesses have described to me now 30,000 efficient Turkish gunners of Mesopotamia,
Kurds poured down into the plain. For 1,000. The missionaries have described to they are ready to turn on the Turk as fled to Baghdad. Kut is a permanent
two days and nights the city of Urumish how during this time every stailable on the Christian. In fact a Turkish town of some 6,000 inhabitants, mostly
of disease, wallowing in filth and half- reverse in this part of Asia is largely engaged in trade. The position taken up
tunately, however, Rashid Bey, a Turkish assisted by their Arab friends. The Turk by the enemy was even miles east of Kut,
-band of Americans and Frenchmen tailed General officer, who-arrived with a small force of melted snow. Day after day this devoted himself is of the same, or better, material astride the river, and extending about was given over to loot and pillage. For inch was covered with baties in all stages that the Turk of Constantinople. He has six miles from the left-bank. Mr & Mm A. Findly no special regard for the sanctity of that Delamain (almost, if not quite, the only regulars, put a stop to disorder in the city in their labour of love. Nearly all of thera
city or special revence for the Saitan as General remaining who has fought con- head of the faith. He regards the langu.tinuously with the expedition from ite by shooting number of Kurds. But in broke down with the disease, quad the
were let loose Eight hundred Christians thousand Christians alcne are estimated to age of Constantinople as at bastard ton.commencement) again had the honour of the villages of the plain ruin and masacre on test many of its best workers, Fire gue, and looks on Baghdad as the central leading the way with his own (the 16) were murdered; 5,000 families rabbed of all hove perished, and of the Moslems the: and another brige utrenched and wired, they possessed, and 20,000-homeless number must have been many times larger. Such, at tion was strongly of Moslem learning and art. Mr & Mrs David Wood least, were my impressions after a few but we have the satisfaction of knowing fugees crowded into the yards of the Twenty-five per cent, of the Christian po pulation of the plain has been wiped out interviews with leading Turks in the that our troops in Mesopotamia now find American and French missions.
About this time a courageous pisos of at one blow, and I could clearly discern us valley of the Tigris, and such is the enemy no Turkish position too strong for them, with whom our Eastern forces have to and the occupation of Kut-el-Amara, work was performed by the American MisI rode over the plain the signs of decims-
which completes the security of Bara assion doctor, Dr. Packard, who at the risk tion among the population,
of his life went to Geok-bepe, a village in effected with comparatively little lose.
the plans, whither some 2,000 Syriaz Christians, the rentals of the surround to be over two hundred miles. By road ing villages, had retreated to make their
New Bowdler Mr & Mrs Carmichael Mr F. W. Cary Mr&Mrs C. D.Call Lt & Mm Cooney. Col. Darling EE, Mr Denman Fuller- Mr B. H. Lula Mrs Furnival M & M B. A. Hal Mr F.A. Haneland Mrs T. J. B. Johan Mr Lee Jones
GRAND
Mr E. Alsook Mr C. R. Arnott Mr C. H. Boota Мг А. Сапегод MrA BU
W C. Daziel Mr A. Duurich Mr K. S. Elis
TE George MJ MJ. Hards Mr D. Harvey: Mr F. G. Hama "Mr. W. Lawzta
Mr.J. M. MinKey Mr J. Manteiro.
Bmith
Mr & Mrs A. 8.
Borenson
Mr G. E. Btowart Mai-Gen. Ventzia
HOTEL
Mr James Morrow -Mr-t, S.-Owen-
Mr P. Philipp
Mr H. W. Ly Mr. Heynolds. Mr B. H. Rogers
Mr E. Bgan
MG Saunders Mr H. Sinclair Mir J. Smith Mr A. btakes Mr J. K. S. Stanton
MrHI; # Thorig-
Mr J, Warky Mr3, 8. Wright-
MARTIN'S PIOLE
Stark's IPAs in the house, my that on the first Komly dumpday be similarinand. Those who
MARTIN'S dan
THERAPIONE feather
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deal.
The Turkish poet-
The physical and climatic conditions of the country may be summed up as non- From Kut to Baghdad the road is open sisting of extensive floods and overpower and dry. The distance by river i said ing heat. The heat of the Persian Gulf as sufficiently notorious surpassing the bent of hottest India, if not in registered degrees on the thermometer at
No
TURKISH ARMY ARRIVES
At last the day of deliverance began to dawn. About the middle of April the it is, perhaps half, that length. The violast desperate stand in the church build great army of Halil Bey arrived, after tory of Kut cannot fail to produce a ing against a host of Kurds, After con- having marched six months from Con
effect at Baghdad, and it is quite
through his personal friendship with the frontier into Persis. Their arrival Më the enervating and destructive quality rest of the occupation of that more ference with the Kurdish chief the doctor, stantinople, md Aleppo and Mosul, across Urumiah was the signal for some security of its damp oppressiveness The one historic city could be effected by a rapid them, succeeded to pursuading them to King's ship that keeps watch and ward forward movements with comparatively in the Gulf is wont to flee southward to little opposition. The weather is improv spare the Christiana' lives. He then made for life and property, for hiterte there had catch the Mongoon winds off Mu-cat in ing the health and spirit of the troops his way through the firing line, across vine been no authority but that of Ragbib and
such the dog day of automer sibility exists in the lower Tigris, Te is excellent, and in S John Mixon wo yards warred with trenches and whistling Neri Bey. But Halil Bey's army, did not may perchance find a worthy successor to with bufets. Several Kurds had already stay long and marched on to Dilman, got inside the village and were looting. where it met with defeat, The Turks now - the thermometer ranges to 120F in the immortal Roberts.
On arrival at the church he found the began to fear for their own skins, and pro- shade, from day to day and night to
Christians, men, women and children, pared hurriedly to leave, Before they, did night during the weary summer months
huddled up together, ready to die. All so, however, they arrested six of their own (say from March to Cotober), there is no
A French oneer, writing in the Temps, that was left of the young men had got Armenian soldiers, marched them out of escape from the suffocation of its deadly
up into the church wer and were keep the town, and crnedly butchered them. Oo embrace. It is hard to appreciate this in reveals that the statement that the Ger England. It is not too much to say that nang lost 80 per cent. in attacking Loosing up a fusillade with the Kurds in the May 15th, now arrived that the Russians our heat-ridden soldiers, lying exhausted a statement which Sir John French vineyards. At length the surrender of all were coming, and so the Turks, Kurds, and gasping in the sun-baken tent, or defended against German contradiction arms to the Kurds was agreed upon and and mujahids fed precipitate v. exposed to the pitiles glare of the brazen was contained in a German report found the village given over to plunder. sky as they struggle waist deep in flood in a dead cheer's pocket, water, or drag their thirsty bodies over
the glaring wastes in search of an elusive
But
Dr. Packand by his brave action saved
There is a daily average of 16,000 Welsh 2,000 lives. foe, would give all that they have left to miners idle through congestion on the rail-
A REIGN OF TERRERA
hope for it they might but exchange ways and the consequent shortage of Al through January, February March
comrades in places for & time with their
More than 101.000 members of the An- cient Order of Foresters have rallied to the
British colours. The Order is the first to bers who join the service.
the trenches of Flanders. Of course there wagong for the conveyance of coal from the and April the Turks and Kurds held Uru- undertake to pay the subscriptions of mem.
When pits, says the Pall Mall Gazette. In con miah and the surrounding country under is the reverse side of the picture the trenches are running deep is the mud sequence Mr. Frederick Mills, the manageragin of terror. Soon after arrival the ing director of the Ebbw Vale Colliery and Turkish troops moved northwards with the
A Swiss inventer has discovered a new and stush of mid-winter, then wino De Iron Company, proposes that, the Govern object of invading the Caucasus, so that in the East, for a few short months,
delightful climate. The heat, ment, having reduced the export of coal to the town was at the mercy of any danger bomb for aeroplanes which is devised to. ous character that chose to size the reigns fal exsetly on the place where it is drop- enjoyishist it lasts is very fatal în central countries, a very large number of however,
Only hardened soldiers can minerg can be spared for the Army He of office Rashid Bey the Turn military pet without undergoing any deviation ou- its effects. stand it. The young and inexperienced therefore suggests that some of the col commander, did all he cou'd in ep ordering to the speed of the aeroplane, Con- Territorial (ime soldier though he may lieries should be closed, the younger men while he was there, but on Als departure clusivo trials have been made in Paris, and he) cannot stand it and it is of litlis liberated, and the others drafted to the the civil government thought nomi-a practiciel ase will be made of the inven
collieries which remain open..
nally in the hands of the Persian Governor, tion immediately. use sending him to the Tigris country.
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