GERMAN TOWN UNDER AIR ATTACK.
VIVID ENEMY NARRATIVE.
Tho Fossische Leitung contains a vivid nocount of an air-raid by a French squà i- ron of airplanes from the pox of a German doctor, who says}~~
INGRATES AS WELL AS ASSASSINS.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1915.
HOW GERMANY PAID HER DEBT
TO AMERICAR
It is now proved beyond question that there was
a deliberate conspiracy to sentence and execute Alix Cavell without giving the American Minister an oppor tunity to intervene. I was at work in my room (in the top
It is further learned that this is by no floor of an hotel) when I suddenly hear means the first instance of the German the sound of firing, which gradually cauthorities in Brussels endeavouring to nearer and nearer. Hal Hal That's a deceive the American Legation, They enemy aviator somewhere near and he's have done so time and again, but never getting, a greeting from our anti-airwattin a matter so serious as the present gane, but the short sharp shots beame tragedy. The fact explains the suspicion more and more frequent and followed more and distrust of the German which is closely one upon the other. And ww shows in the American Minister's report tack-tack back the machine-gun join in The fact that Miss Cavell had nursed Whatever is up!
Gorman soldiers is damning enough, but the Germans owed the American Legation a debt of gratitude, too. In the course of his report to Mr. Whitlock, the Ame rican Minister. Mr. Hugh Gibson, Secre- tary of the Legation, describing the appeal which he made for Miss Cavell, said:
I go to the window, which, being on the top story, gives me a view of a good stretch of ky. True enough there's the boggar already in sight. He hovers at a great height amidst & regular collection of white shrapnel clouds. But what's this now? Here comes a sound and a third.
Yes,
I reminded them of our untiring efforts and a fourth and a fifth. More coms ap
on behalf of German subjects at the out from the side, more and more. There's break of the war and daring the siege whos squadron over the town. I count 14, of Antwerp. I pointed out that while 10, 20-in a serried column they come your services had been rendered gladly ing up with regular intervals between and without any thought of future fay the machines, with an advanced guard and ours, they should certainly entitle you flank guards. Is it to be a regular attack? [the Minister] to some consideration for From down below blares a trumpet. It's the only request of the sort you made the signal for everybody to clear out of since the beginning of the war. the streets and take "aviation cover."
THE FIRST BONS.
GRATITUDE 1
Mr. Gibson referred to the work done by the Legation and by American Consuls throughout Belgium in giving protection to German subjects stranded in Belgium at the beginning of the war. There pan be no doubt that the Americans then saved the lives of a number of German They did heroic women and children. work for many days yet when they asked for the life of one English lady they got The Germans only murder in response. showed themselves to be utterly without gratitude, to say nothing of ordinary courtesy, for so far as sny official pro- nouement is concerned, the German Government has never even expressed its thanks for the work that was done at that time.
THE TRUTH ABOUT THE
BULGARS.
HOW GERMANY MAKES WAR.
THE GREAT GENERAL STAFF. Referring to the discussion which hay Describing his journey arcoss the Bal taken place in the Home Prew on thkons this summer, Mr. Stephen Graham relative functions of the British and Ger- in The English Review, gays:-- nian General Staffs, the Times correspon- dent, who was formerly in Berlin, writen
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What was mort interesting was the averago Bulgarion opinion of the war as I came across it in chance conversation in The first principle of the German the various towns and villages where I scheme is the practical exclusion of the stayed. Diplomatists and Ministera muy politicians and the administrators from bargain, including new to this side the sphere of strategical initiative and and now to that, according to the military operation. On the evening, of success of intrigue or the tempta- July 20th, 1914, I telegraphed from Bertion of gain, but after nearly a year
in that, while the German official at titude remained fairly tranquil as re- of the war there is something which is more stable, and that is public opinion. garded the Russian mobilization, development of military opinion, which the idea of the average man. And in the was making itself felt, might be difficult Balkan States, as elsewhere, it is impos- to control This was my inferencs from Bible to make war against a popular TJIKEMBANG a conversation with the German Foreign current
It was rather a surprise to me to find Secretary. It did not mean that the war party that largely empty phrase that Bulgaria was under the impression beloved of politicians was pressing for that Germany was winning, and would war, but that the military authorities ultimately win. Wherever I went I re
"Ah, ah, how wore becoming impatient at the prolonga ceived commiseration. tion of the crisis and insisting that so badly things are going for you; hadly, useless delays must be allowed to post badly" pone their labours. A few hours after- wards, the Council of War at Potsdam took the vital decision. The hour of the politicians had passed, and the day of the Great General Staff had come
From the time of the mobilization the Government, as known in peter time, took second place. The General Staff controlled and carried out the war. Its chief was in no way responsible to the Imperial Chancellor or to any Govern mental or administrative influenoc. He was responsible directly to the Emperor, and to him alone. So far from advising or informing the politicians or the Gov- ernment, the General Staff, was, so to speak, strategically supreme, and, so far from supplying military proposals to the politicians, was the recipient of their political or diplomatic information, and was responsible for co-ordinating policy and strategy. When the "Great Head
was established in the field quarters" the Ministers came to it; it did not send missaries to Berlin. It will be remem bered that the Imperial Chancellor, the Foreign Secretary, and a host of other officials spent the first period of the war at Luxemburg, sad afterwards in France. If the war had not lasted so much longer than the General Staff intended the Ministers would, no doubt, have stayed there until the end.
"Poor England!" said a Bulgarian doc bor whom I met in restaurant in one of the lite towns She has had to make horself an army; her army was not as big as ours to start with,"
But our fleet 7" uoid 1. "Ah, yes, your fleet; it has to hide it- self from the submarines. How the Ger mans have perfected every invention
He clicked his tongue in his mouth knowingly.
"Russia is lost," said another, “finis
SAKA ed, done for."!
"It is only lack of munitions," anid * "She'll turn and be herself again."
"You'll never take the Dardanelles," said he.
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Even the country people, the keepers of the khans and small shops were of opinion that Germany had the upper hand. They, at least, emphatically hoped that the Turks would be beaten. They had live i with the Turks as neighbours and rulers, Wa passed through desolated villages, the scenes of massacre and conflict, and gave TJISONDARI bread to little Macedonian children, or phans whose fathers and mothers had perished at the hands of furious Moslems KARIMOEN
In her heart of hearts Bulgaria is against the Turk and on the side of Rus
She is Christian and Slav. But she thinks Germany is winning, and her eyes are blinded still by jealousy of Serbia and mortification at the loss of territory: caused by her unfortunate raid on Greeks and Serbs at the end of the Balkan War
The Bulgarian newspapers are pro-Ger man in influencé. There is no proper ser- vice of news from our point of view, and even the Russophile and friendly organs give no favourable impression of the condi tion of the struggle. It is, perhaps, late in the day to speak of it, but Bulgaria ought to have been provided with British press-agents as other neutral countries The Bulgarian man in the have been. street is even losing sight of the real facts of the beginning of the conflict, and the true and good cause for which we are fight. ing. A student said to me in Song: "You forced Germany to fight. By your ententes with France and Russin you were tighten- ing a knot at her throat to strangle her."
"Why," said I, “do you not know that our alliance with France and Russia was almost an improvisation in the hour of menace and I went on to explain.
I had a talk at Sofia with M. Geshof,
The trumpet signal becomes more in perative. In a twinkling the streets ar clear, and it was high time, for alread there is a rattling on roofs and pavements. Shrapnel bullets are coming down. Aud now and I shall never forget it-a fearnt horrible crash, or rather roar, like the mar of an animal. Those fellows in the air have dropped their first bomb. I begin to think that my room immediately under the roof is not altogether a suitable place in such circumstances. On the stairs I meet others of the same opinion. They are officers who had come from the front and had just hin down for a long 'unaccustomed but well earred afternoon sleep and were curing freely at this innsiderate disturbanc
When Germany suddenly and ruthless As we go down the stairs the beast roars ly declared war on Belgium, thousands
Becond time. The next bomb had fallen of Germans left the country to join their Practical independence of the Govern Then we hear in the voice of command, regiments. There were at least ten thou ment is, then, a cardinal feature of the "Take aviation cover. The group breaks and Germans in Brussela alone, and German General Staff's system, and no- up. I stand for a moment irresolute. I
many others in other parts of the cou body will auggest that the German system don't know the ground. Then a young try. Most of the men managed to get can be applied whole in a country with captain laughingly takes my arm, saying, out of the country before the actual an entirely different constitution and Come with mo, doctor, it's no bravery declaration of war. They were compelled with methods so different that it does not to wait till a thing like that fails on your to leave their women and children behind. regard martial law as necessary in time In Brussels alone three thousand of war. The second most striking feature head." So down into the "heroes' cellar."
That is the merry name for the shellers women and children had to look out for of the German system is that the General The German Minister Staff on the outbreak of war divides into prearranged for such festive visits from themselves. the enemy. It is one of the new word to departed and left his Legation in the two parts, the more important of which which the war has given birth: But hands of the American Minister, the Gov-conducts its operations in the field at spite of the jeer which the name implies runen in Berlin having requested the whatever point may be most convenient.
It is just 100 years since the Staff was nebely shrinks from making use of the American Government to look, after its
witaire. All the Germans in Belgium split into two parts-the Staff with the protection afforded. And so we go down a narrow staircase leading into a little Mr. Whitlock
were thus placed under the protection of troops and the Staff in Berlia. Every Thousands visited the visitor to Berlin will remember the vast corner of the cellars under the hous American Legation and the American and ugly building of the Great General which, as I now find, is built on a very in consulates, sating protection and assis Staff, in which the great Moltke lived oient foundation of extensive vaults.
tanon Not me did a plea go unheeded. and died. It was. I believe, erected in Lader a massive stone arch we have w
It was spadily seen that it would be a harry about the year 1866, and nobody fortable room, the captain who took my necessary to send the women and child has had the time or the inclination to
Many out of Brussels, arm, a first lieutenant, a staff surgeon, tweren
wore change it. On the night of the German Landsturm mer, a collego professor, and destitute, in need of food and clothing mobilization I had occasion, in company Their condition was pitiful. The Ame with a Foreign Office official, to search myself. There is even an electric light.
rican Legation took charge of them all for the military censor, of whose parson- and arranged for their departure. The ality or existenes few people then seenied people of Brussels behaved admirably to be aware. In the course of our search the leader of the friendly party, the man during those first days of war, and the we wandered all over the General Staff police gave German subjects protection; building, only to find all the lights out who was was Prime Minister of Bulgaria but at the same time Brussels was not and the place almost untenanted. The at the time of the formation of the Balkan He was ready to assure me. a safe place for stray Gerrians. In real General Staff had flown. Hence League, safely transporting some three thousand forward the General. Staff in Berlin wasYou know," said he, we love the Rus German women and children, as well as of minor importance as may be judged aisns, they are nearest to us of all the a certain number of men, from Brussels to Aix-la-Chapelle, the American author from the fact that it is now in charge nations of Europe. And the English aro, deputy chief of General von and always were, very popular. Hundreds ties did a real service to Germany, and Moltke, who after a few months of war, of our young men go to Robert College, in Brussels it is considered that they was deposed from the office of Chief of Constantinople, for their education; many saved many lives.
General Staff in the Field and succeded go to England, and you will find we know by the then Prussian Minister of Wer, English life and ways and admire them. But we cannot come in on your side. In von Falkenhayn,
the war before we knew what Roumania is going to do. She has promised to fight several times; first she promised England and Russia, then lately Italy. But still she does nothing. Then we want the re- storation of the territory we lost at the Treaty of Bucharest. wrong to attack our allies, the Serbs and the Greeks, we admit it. But that attack was made by the Military Party, by Savo, without any authority from the Govern- ment or the King. We have all repented We wish friendship with Serbia,, friendship founded on Justice.
There is a deadly animosity against Ser. bin and Greece," said it is poisoning your national life, I do not open a new. paper hat I see bitter words against thes countries. I feel something ought to he done to stop the endless reminders which the Press has of your national vexation and enmity & mean hatred of Sebria, and possibly a reciprocal hatred of Serbia for you, is spoiling the Slav cause.
"LIKE A WID THUNDERSTORM. ”
and worse.
The racket and din outside gets worse Clearly we on perceive that the hideous row comes nearer and nearer, And now it is quite close. Then a fearful bang and roar. There must have been an explosion quite close to us. The house and eves the massive collar arches tremble. It is just us in a will thunderstorm when the thunder follows dose at the lightning's heels one fecla certain that struck - thing quite close, and one feels just as defenceless against such an aviation attack as mo is against the power of a thunder- store.
The
WOMEN PROTECTED,
Ik
Mr. Gibson was largely responsible for This change illustrates another vital
done. Assisted by Bang this time still wilder and nearer. what was
Mr feature of the German scheme the fact Through the crannies of the cellar there Nasmith, the American Vice-Consul; that the General Staff is entirely inde established sort of concentration camp drifts in from the street something maty At first one can't tell whether it is smoke at the Cirque Royale, and to that he sent perdent of the Ministry of War, which tions When von Falkenhayn was pro or dust. If it is smoko from a confiagra the women and children who appealed performs purely administrative func For several succussive mated to be Chief of the General Staff, tion close at hand, the position is not for provection. egatly a pleasant one. The problem be-nighis be arranged for special trains he was succeeded at the Ministry of War come the more problematical owing to the The Cirque Royale was filled with these by a certain General Wild von Mohen-
Germans. They needed food, and this born, of whom the public never hears. electric light suddenly going out.
It is not necessary here to discuss the wir must have been hit. But as we breath, was furnished them.
One of the relief workers was Mine General Staff machinery, the main point has a horrible but Carton de Wiart, wife of the Belgian is that it is as has been said, the mist in wo find no smoky taste.
Minister of Justice. She lent her aid organism of which the arteries run all Bang! Bang! worse and worse come the and did so much for those enemies of her through the body of the Army, and that Pass around us in our heroes' collar. We country that the incurred some unpopurries out independently the plans think the next minute the hotel itself will larity among her own people. There which it has itself devised. Its chief, be struck, and then how are we going to were one or two births in this throng of responsible only to the Emperor, is the get out of our subterranean wigwami refugees; Mme. Carton de Wiart furnish But gradually the din becomes less. The ed cradles for the newborn from her own centre of power, and not either an ad- follows have evidently gone. Quickdy up home. Some months later she was arrest viser or a source of information. and out in the hope of still seeing omsed and imprisoned; her gallant endeav thing. Yes, there they are over the rail way station, which is some distance off:
The doctor then proceeds to deribe some of the damage done. The house on both sides of his hotel had been struck by bombs,
In one the whole interior was
ours during those first few days of war counted for thing in the German scale of mercy, and she was subject to most humiliating treatment.
STEEL-CLAD SOLDIERS. INCREASING USE OF ARMOUR
wrecked, and it was from here, he says, Antwerp was belDinkar work in the ly incrensing in France now that, the con-
The German women and children were all safely sent away, and not one under- went undue hardship. Later, when
besieged; the Armeni that that strange mist came. Five of the
can Consul there ocupants had been killed on the spot. protection of the Germans who were The market, presented a horrible spectable, caught in that city. Beores of Germanis & number of horses, which there had been caught it asulate for protection, and no time to remove, having been blown to it was freely given. Here again arrange pices. The railway station, he declaros mente were made for getting stranded Ger- was untouched, although a sawmill near mans into Holland or back to Germany, by had been sot on fire by an incendiary Once more German lives were rescued bomb and was blazing fiercely. He also from position of peril. found that a number of soldiers had been It only adds to the encrmity of the wounded, but does not mention that any crime that these services, given freely were killed.--Router.
and without thought of reward, as Mr. Gibson pointed out. had not the slightest affect, when thrown into the balance on the side of mercy, on the German rulers of Brussels.
The use of armour for protecting the most vital parts of the soldier is constant ditions of warfare do not call for long marches or dashes of more than a limite distance over the open.
A French deputy, member of one of the Commissions of the Chamber which receives special information from the War Minis ter, tells me that since the adoption for troops in the first line of the small, close fitting chrome steel helmet the casualties due to wounds in the head have been re. duced by 75 per cent. Even bullets strik ing with direct impret are sometimes turn
it
•
We dirt
And I told the ex-Minister what I think
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30
(ii) They consider that Germany is win ning the war, and that it would be suicida
to throw in their fot with us
(ii) They do not believe in our good faith
They are a peasant people with no pretence to aristocracy or fashion of culture. They are frugal, temperate, hard. diers are imbued with a fine national spirit, and they believe in one thing above
(iv) They are afraid of an alliance be- all others- the future of Bulgaria. The
The commonest word in use in conversation is tween ourselves and the Greeks..
Bulgaria; everybody is talking about., Grooks they distrust utterly, wondering about her. Every ordinary talk Thro is a nightmare of the Balkans it.. is the most vital matter in connection with turns to the national theme. But the Bul- is the conception that there is not room for the health and happiness of Bulgaria. Thgarian newspaper readers are narrow, and two great nations there: that there must first thing needed is the stopping of this have no wide qutlook over world-politics be either a great Bulgaria or a great Ser- mean quarrel, Bulgaria and Serbis are They do not know what is happening, and bis. Both Bulgars and Serbs are obsesse i probably being kept apart more by Gerare unable to distinguish false from trus with the problem of this dire choice. In max machinations than by real grievance intelligence or real passion from hypocrisy Sofia it is written that there can only be They are more cetranged by the insulting and guile. And there is not really very a great Bulgariz, in Nish that there can things said of one another in the respec much cleavage between King Ferdinand only be a great Serbia; in Sofia that Ser tive Press than by the original quarral
and the people he governs.bia says there s on room for Serbian Slave forgive material injuries quickly; they do not forgive injuries which touch with regard to Bulgaris and the war is a
The point of view taken by many peopl. rule in Nish that Bulgaria says there is only room for the Bulgars. The problem their pride. It would be a good piece of
of diplomacy was to reconcile those brother diplomatic work to reconcile Bulgaria and mistaken cne. There is no particular dis
The role of Greece in the stirring up of Serbia simply to reconcile them, not to parity of opinion in Eulgaria on the que nations, and diplomacy has failed. ask Bulgaria to fight for us. She would tion of the war. There is no question of Ballon discord has ales bean most sinister quickly offer to fight once friendship with revolution in Bulgaris; the throne of fer during the whole space of the war Athens Then neve: dinand is afe, This whole summer and has been poisoning the wells of European A Serbia were re-established. Besides the large and absolutely bullet again would Sav swords be raised against indeed, during the who o space of the war, truth, pouring forth lies, lies, lies. Near proof breastplates which the French also Blavs Their swords were made for the the Bulgarian people have been more fly all news to the discredit of Bulgarian
less pro-German. They have been agrinst use for their dashes from trench to trench, fighting of the Turk.. plates er specially toughened steel are
me since the Treaty of Bucharest. They honesty has come from Greek agencies. are bitterly anti-Serbian and anti-Greek. Tho Central News Paris correspondent sometimes sewn into tunics over the heart
and they are cold to Britain and Russia quotes Bucharest telegrama etating that The Germans on their ando have invented M, Bratiam in the course of statement
a special kind of cigar case to protect the
because we promised the victors the fruits In the course of an interview with a
found on dead of Government's policy declared that the heart; it has been
of victory, and stood by whilst they wara representative of the Petit Parisien, Mme. Sarah Bernhardt stated, that she suggestion that Rumania would take anti sohiers killed by wounds in other parts
adjudicated elsewhere. intended to leaw Francd on December 25th Russian action was absurd. Rumania of the body. It is made of two plates of far a tour in the United States, despite realised that a policy of seeking benefits the specially tough carbonised steel which the numerous threatening letters she had without sacrifices was impossible but is manufactured by an expensive process received from Germans living in the Rumania vu not prepared to make sacri- und stops bullets at point blank range. With the exception of the noble Serbs, United States, because of the articles she fees without at least a strong probability The cigar case is engraved with the legend the Bulgars are probably the healthiest, had published there expressing her loath of success. Whatever its result the Balkan "Always carry in the loft-hand breastsimplest bravest people in the Balkans.
campaign would not decido the war.
pocket.
though the Curernment in a set of sharp.. ing of the infiders.
MME. BERNHARDT'S TOUR
THREATENING LETTERS : FROM GERMİN- AMERICANB.
ed by the helmet.
The whole Balkan situation resolved it sulf for the time being into the problem of the reconciliation of Serbia and Bulgaria. This was last July, and now that every thing has gone wrong and Bulgaris seems to have definitely sided with our foes, let me sum up briefly my opinion of the Bul zars sind the Balkan situation with regard to them
A final word es to diplomacy. We have assumed from the first that Bulgaria conll be bought, that she was offering herself for sale, and we have corresponded with Bul garia on this shameful basis. The zele problem for us has been the re-establish- ment of a cordial understanding an 1 national friendship between our ally Ber bis and Bulgaria. This, I hold, was not (j) They hate the Serbians, are afraid, a difficult task for straightforward, intel- of Serbian ambition in the Balkans, antigent Russians and British. We have fof they know that the Berbiens hate them. ed because we have not been true to our and are afra ♬ of their ambition.
caure and our ideals.
The Bulgarian people as a people are not supporting us in the war, and for the following reasons why t