GALLIPOLI.
HOW THE AUSTRALIANS FOUGHT,
IMPERISHABLE FAME
[RY CAPTAIN C. E, W. BEAN, AUSTRALIAN OFFICIAL PRESS REPRESENTATIVE]
—ALENANDAJA, Muy 19.
MAIS BODY ARRIVES
The Tarks did not wait for the bayonet and when at sunrise the ships bringing the Arst portion of the main body arrived, ami steamed slowly through the battleships to unload res, those on boned could see figures on the skyline of the ridges near then and the further ridge inland. Presently a liene the second graphy winked from the near-top of Lussacre ing about-digging, just as you see them any camp during their annual training.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, JUNE 14TH, 1915.
"By God, our officers were splendid," one were worth, and dropping every hundred. Australian told me. Wherever I went 1 yards or so to take breath; then up again, heard the game.
and on towards the end of the ridge. About three rushes covered it. They were facing #hrapnel and machine-gun fire, but renched the required point. Three times they were driven off the ridge; three times they, erane and took it, and at the last time remained When the Brigadier asked them afterwards what they wanted to retire for, "Well, we retired in very good lines, sir," said one And so they did, this beggars,” added the
ENTRENCHING, WORK. During the night lines were straightenel, the men dug in as best they could. The arks attempted several charges on the extreme The charge was precctied by is cessation of Kring. Then could be heard afguments between the Turkish officers and men going on just over the edge morning at Liver yeiief which flooded of the hill, just such arguments as used to stalwart, grinning.
place whenever you tried to superin taką the hearts of thousand of anxious watchers tend natives loading à cart at Mens shanting' "Allah, Allah. Our troops till the enemy were within about 10 yards. then jumped out of the trench with wayonets fixed fixed and began to
gan to charge, The Turks have never once waiter so far, and have always turned immediately or flung themselves flat and allowed the machine guns to By
landed in two bodies, the first covering the ships can better be ingined, than Finally, over the ridge eate a line tited
described.
Brigade, co Western Australians, and Tas- at the bad already begun to arrive morning our line was well dug in
Water
Brigadier
YURKISH TRICKERY.
The Australians and New Zealanders were
Just after the two battalions had begun It is impossible to say exnetly how any foree to seize the ridges around the landding pince; and the second or main body to begin of the they were holding this particular
their first charge across this hill an order Janling about an hour later. The most that
portion of the const; perhaps there were five
was passed along the trenches to a point "Pass along order to raight set about an hour and a half before hundred to thousand. They retiral for an
where The Britis
The British are getting round at This just gave time for the war huur: During that welcome spell the men
cense fre daylight. ships and transports of the coverinedorce to who hund seized the ridges were able to do
the back of the Turks, and there is a danger of hitting them." steam
and hand before dawn. It long something towards entrenching. Mountine five over their heads at our men. in
Some of themen coased firingautomatically, been known that the Third Australian the main
but the officers around me questioned the and sought to land the had been sent up during the night by every of Queenslanders, South Australians,
om the Turkish battery to
means chiefly in petrol ting. It order. possible
"Where does the order come from " they manians, had been chosen to make a landing. troops in a comparative calm, interrupted
by only
[6]];}. This brigade consists largely of miners from the south. This sprayed with, shrapnel the was carried on donkeys, mules, or by hand. The troops' stores were constantly arriving but
This was passed down, and presently the Broken Hill and the Western Australian bonts us they came from the
ON the beach from the huge fleet of trans- weeks guldfields, and had left Kgypt many
had the botter blown out, with
port. Some New Zealanders were caught urter, cease tring. The French-and-j»- at Leonos Island. They were thoroughly out a single man in it being hurt. During the second week in Anand boats. landed in very beavy kits, and accidents in I during the night out in the open by a wall-dians are within two miles of the back off practised at landing from
Our officers know there were no French or mined Turk machine-gun, and lost mauy.the Turks. We are afraid of hitting them," The Turks are well trained in German troops from Eygpt followed, and had been believed sunc of the men were drowned in methods, and orders have certainly been Indians, and the British, tliey believed, would ! to affect a landing at a certain position on / except this, hundreds of boats which cane to Possibly in scrab near a treach there is one | the northern Shore of Gallipoli Peninsula, / tant besel under shell fire during the day who gives an order in perfect English and along..
shelly from
Before the rest of the force, and had landemnizager-to-bit very few. One bout, just as parts until the place looked like a great busy answer came back, "Ordór from general head. |
it
-Our inen
the greater the bonts might have been serious. It is
hart of the Australian and New Zealand
hout 6 miles stay
THE LANDING.
The covering force was taken partly in four of our own transports, and partly in three Hattleships. The night was perfect. About ao'clock the moon set, and the ships carrying troops, together with three warships, which were charged with protecting their lanks, stole in towards the high coastline. It was known that the conki was formed, and that there was a battery on the promontory two les to the southwards, and that overal other guns amongst hills inland covered the landing place. The battleships til transport took up a position in two lines, and the trung were transferred partly to warships' bonth nud partly to the destroyer, which hurried in-shore and re-transferred the men to other
for the beach.
seareely suffered at all.
TERKS ATTACK.
The
By this time the first part of the main body was forming up on the beach. Turks had brought up their troops from the other side of the peninsula, and a fierce attack began, which lasted all day. A fresh troops arrived on the beach they were gene- rally sent straight into the firing fine, citer on one Bank or the other of the covering force. These trough went straight into the firing line where the Turks were already attacking in a force too great to allow the The oily passibility digging of trenches, was to hold on in the scrub and dig in after dark
BAPTISM OF SHRAPNEL
In that first afternoon the Australians, bents. They then made by the shortest route and, Inter, the New Zealanders, obtained their first experience of shrapnel in this war. During the first day when they had rushed NATURE OF THE COUNTRY,
position rather like a section of the Blue Mountains, full of winding gullies, it was naturally difficult to discover the position of all the enemy's guns. Those on a pronon tory to the south were soon placed, and three were silenced aimest at once by a cruiser, which pat her nose round one side of the point, while a battleship shelled from the ather side. One gan, there continued to fire most of the afternoon, but was hit before sundowar, and has not been fired since.
It was 18 minutes past 4 on the morning of Sunday, April 5 when the first int grounded. So far not a shot had been fired the enemy. Coloned Maciagan's orders to the brigade ware that shots, if possible, were not to be firod till daybreak, but the business carried through with the bayonet. The men leapt into the water, and the first of them and just reached the beach when fire was opened on then from the trenches on the foothills, which rise immediately from the beach. The place of furling consists of
and south. The country-
Ꭱ
sen
TROUBLESOME BATTERY.
phages to get it passed along the trench. 1 have seen, personally, one clear example of this...
„JMLERISHABLE TALE
Take no untice of that onder" was passed
But before firing could be begun again the Turks had two or three minutes during which they could raise their heads with impunity to fire into our undefended men,
Exactly the same trick was player at another part of the line two hours earlier. A very few days has put officers and men wise to these ruses.
TENTLESS DAYS.
There was little or no rest for the men in
There has been bal fighting since, which I will report later. I would have reported it before if I had been able to get leave from the Admiralty. But when all is said, the feat which will go down in history is that first Sunday's fighting when three Australian Bri- gades stormed, in face of a heavy fire, tie the trenches on Monday night, and on Tues after tier of cliffs nud mountains, apparently day the fighting was still in parts heavy as impregnable as Govett's Leap. The sailors but between Tuesday and Thursday it was who saw the Thiel Leigade go up those last possible for the tired troops who had heights and over successive summits like gone up the hills on that first Sunday morn whirligig with wild cheers, and with bayonetsing, and had been fighting hard ever since, flashing, speak of it. with tears of enthusiaan to be relieved and sent down to the rest in their eyes. New Zealanders are just as camp. Then was the first time when any generous in their appreciation. It is hard to estimate could be made of the losses. distinguish between the work of the brigades, and officers supposed to be dead or wounded They all fought fiercely and suffered heavily; turned up safe and sound from various parts but considering that performed last Sunday of the line-where they had mixed in with- it is a feat which is fit to rank beside the other battalions. battle of the heights of Abraham.
BATHING UNDER FAKE
MGTE
I believe that the British at Cape Helles fought a tremendous fight. Of Australia i Almost all of then enjoyed a bathe during may be said that Australian infantry, and the warm hours of the afternoon, and for a especially the Third Brigade, have made a time the bench in the midst of the fiercest name which will never die Around use as I tattle ever fought in the Dardanelles looked write, guns of half a dozen warships are more like Manly on a holiday. Hundreds of shaking the bills. The evening is a quiet men were bathing together ont in the road From the ridges above comes the constead, while nine or ten warships were con one. tinuous rattle of musketry. As no bullets stantly firing salvos of huge guns ten miles are whistling overhead, the firing must be by way. Along the sunny shore were men our men. The issue cannot be in doubt, but diving, splashing, and enjoying a sunbath, one knows that even if it were, nothing Occasionally shrapnel flicked up the water, would take away from the Australian and but very few men were hit. Only one, as day's fighting.
髓
A
But there was a battery in the minges in a small bay about half a mile from, point land which, during the whole afternoon, it to point, with two much i resembles
bays north was impossible to place. From 2 o'clock the Hawksbury River, in New South Wales until sundown it fired continuously a New Zealand infantry the fame of last San: far as I know, was killed during the whole!
of four shells about twice every minute on
-for- wero-holding- troops the hills rising immediately from the to a height of 600 feet. To the north of to ridges which our
way protection. Some elaster nearly a thousand the most part without
Turkish these ridges is
trench, of them were in a deserted fest high; further northward the ranges be of which the Turks had the exact range. Hour exune oven higher. The summit just men after hour one watched shrapnel bursting tioned sends out a series of long ridges, run over the flank ridge along which our in-
gullier he ing south-westward, with steep
fantry were lying. The navy could do prac- tween them, very sydney. They and tieally nothing to help because we could not about North are diem where to fire. The first relief was Buite low scrub, very similar to a small force of Indian mountain ar dwarfed gumtree; its chief difference in that willery, which landed with us, ounaged to there are no big trees, but many precipices drag its guns into position just behind a part and sheer slopes of gravel. One ridge comes
our line, which was suffering especially, down to the sea at the small-by above and began bring exlvor over their heade in raentioned, and ends in two knolls about hundred feet high, one at each point of the the direction from which the shells were coming. The mere sound of our own guns answering the enemy'e came like a draught of fresh water to the infantry. Of course, our guns drew the enemy's shrapnel like a magnet on to themselves, and part of the firing
ling around them. "It's those guns: that's bringing it this way, I heard one of our men say. They're doing blooming good The Queen Elinbeth has been provided work, anyway," said this wan later. It would with monstrous shrapnel sent out specially not have mattered whether mountain guns for this job. The shell weighs nearly a tou, were doing good work or not, the mere sound and, on bursting, leaves in the air not a wool- of them was enough. One of the Britishly little pult of ordinary shrapnel, but a
miniature thundercloud. officers, who was out in an exposed positi observing for this battery, was hit the check, the bullet taking away all the teeth on one side of his mouth. He went down to the bosch, and had the wound dresses, and returned to his post.
day whilst bathing. This accident had not “QUEEN ELIZABETH'S PART.
the least effect on the bathers.
Practically all our men have now had On Monday, the second day of the laudling, the enemy again pumped shrapnel on to the day's rest and gone back to the trenches. ridges. They must have also fired 600 shells Thes are attacked somewhere every night at the landing place, but scarcely hit anyone. sud most days, Last night, for example, in their attack the Turks did not reach the Shells on the ridges were far worse. But this time the battleship Quech Elizabeth was trenches, and their dead were lying thick on sent to support us: During the morning the the ground this morning. To-day they effect of her shells was enormous, Standing attacked another part of the line, and reached several miles she shelled the enemy within 50 yards, bat none got near, opposite the north-east corner of our post-machine-gun mowed them down. Twenty of
so can be seen lying within a small space. tion. The effect of her shells was like a tonic for our tired men. Huge yellow clouds burst-from-her-sido-and-some seconds
later. there came & crash as if the sky had fallen in. This was followed almost immediately by a tremendous roar somewhere on the land. Looking in the direction of the Turkish posi tion you saw a vist cloud of earth and green smoke rise skyward.
bay.
FIRST SHOTS.
It was from there that the fire first opened on the troops as they landed. The bulleta struck freworks out of the stone along the beach. The men did not wait to be sent, but wherever they landed they simply rushed straight up the steep slopes. Other small beats, which had been cast off the warships steam launches which towed then, were dig ging for the beach with orts trenches, the attention of the Turks in the trenches, and almost before the Turks had time to collect their senses, the first bont-load was well up towards the trenches. A few Turks awaited the bayonet. It is said that one huge Queenslander swung his rifle by the muzzle, and, after braining one Turk, caught
ather and flung him over his shoulder. do not know if this story is true, but when we landed some hours later there was a Turk on the beach with his head smushed in
~PIEST-FO-LAND.
I
It is impossible to say which battalion lanted first, because several landed together. "The Turks in the trenches facing the land ing had run, but these on the other flank and on the ridges and gullies still
GALLANT OFFICERS,
During the whole of the trying time if one thing cheered the men more then another, it was the behaviour of their officers. I saw one officer in charge of a machine-gun, who one knew for certain must be killed if the hight Insted. His men were crouching-undar. the cover of a depression a few inches deep He was sitting calmly on the brow of on the top of the rise searching for targets through his glasses. Presently three or four
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Early on the second morning, the 8th Aus tralian Infantry repelled four Turkish charges. The 4th Infantry made a most gallant attack with bayonet, and drove the Turks back through the scrub until they came on the Hain Turkish camp. The 7th and 10th wont straight through that until they were faced by three machine-guns in a position further back, and came under the fire of a battery. This battalion afterwards was ordered to retire somewhat, as the position was difficult to support.
The Turke rest attacked the left and right. of the Sri Brigade. The Queen Elisabeth a fire and that of the other warships, soon set- tied the fate of the former attack, but in the latter case the fierce tire of machine guns exposed to shrapnel fire, proved too try. digging
upon the boats coming inshore, and ring salvos ofalnapnol burst right over that group, sweeping down a ridge, which was peculiar. || came under a heavy fire before they reached its terrifying Hush and scatter of loose earth
12
tion of the covering force, which landed ending with a round of common shell. With for the battalion holding it. There had
fast,
the beach. The Turks had a machine-gun
in the valley on our left, and this seems to
have been turned on to the boats containing
shout came from somewhere in the rear, Pass the word to retire."
The oficer in question turned round
Where does that order come from
sharply.
ing
never been an opportunity of trenches at this spot, the fire being too hot. The battalion had been pat straight into
he this nasty corner immediately after its arrival, and was subjected to a heavy strain
4. part of the 14th Battalion. Three of these asked up from the rear, sir," was the for a time. The ridge was left almost clear
sts were still lying on the beach some way
to the north. The wounded men Jay in them answer.
for two days before they could be rescued.
"Well, pass back, and fund who gave it," Two stretcher bearers of the 2nd Battalion, said the ollicer.
who went along the beach during the dayYes who says retire?" said several of to rescue them, were both shot by the Turks the mea. Next moment an order came up Finally a party waited for dark, and crept Line to advance and entrench on forward along the beach, rescuing nine men who had slope of the bill." There was a moment's been in the boats two days, afraid to move delay gathering on rifles, and then over the for fear of attracting the enemy's ure. The hill they went Dusk was just falling, and work of the stretcher bearers all through the the enemy's battery happened at that week of hard fighting was beyond all praise. moment to switch off in order to fire a few last saltos towards the beach. The officer THE DASHING THIRD
question was there nt las post next morn ing. When it became necessary to send a man down the hill ou some business, before the man had gone 20 yards he was wounder The ancer walked down the hill at once to pick him up. Within a couple of seconds the Turks had a machine-gun on to him, and he fell, riddled with bullets.
The 3rd Brigade went over the hills with such dash that within three-quarters of aa hour of landing some had charged over three successive ridges. Each ridge was higher than the last, and each party that reached the top wont over it with a wild cheer. Since that day the Turks never attempted to face our bayonets. The officers led rangnificantly, but, of course, nothing like accurate control of attack was possible. Subordinate lenders had been trained at Bena to act on their own re- sponsibility, and the benefit of this was enor mously apparent in this attack. Companies and platoons and little crowds of 60 to 200 men were landed wherever the boats took then. Their leaders hati, a general idea of where they were intended to go, and once
in
that
GALLANT DEAD.
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of our troops. The Turks began to creep up to the edge of it, and almost to the rear of the 3rd Brigade. This was towards evening. The 3rd Brigade had been in the trenches, Wed. continuously fighting, often without-eny food Every man brought ashore with him three days' rations, but in the fierce rush up the bills on Sunday morning any had left their food behind.
THE NINTH AND TENTH. On Monday afternoon an endeavour was made to take some battalions of this briga‹le out of the trenches to rest and to collect the portions which were scattered through the firing line. Part of the 9th and 10th were waiting down the valley at the rear when the Turks began to take this ridge. There was nothing for it but to send the tired 9th and 10th to take the ridge again.
im 10 8
MONTSERRAT" Lime Juice, im-
I saw that advance from a few hundred ported from London, is the healthiest yards away. At first one very gallant officer
[342-1
·ON SAEF.:
Australia has lost many of her best officers of the retreating regiment came through the drink in the hottest weather.-Advt. this way. The toll has been really heavy scrub, and collecting odds and ends of his but the British theory is, you cannot lead battalion from hollows, and waving them for men from the rear, at any rate, in attack of ward, standing up all the time, he succeeded this sort. It would be absurd to pretend in rallying a few men, and leading them for the life of an officer, like that one, was ward several hundred yards There the effort wasted. No one knows how long the example rested, but I saw this particular officer several will live on amongst his men. There were ames later running up and down in the landed each subordinate commander made other was mention beter uit, when the firing line in his macintosh, hopping over the his way there by what memed to him to be casualties have all reached Australia, who scrub amidst a deadly fire, when every other WEEKLY PRESS, JULT to DECEMBER, the shortest road. The consequence was the died fighting like tigers. Some of them knew living thing upon that plateau was flat upon
fully they would die. One was sometimes its face. inclined to think that this sort of leading
3rd Brigade reached its advanced line in a medley of small fractions inextricably mixed. Several farther lines of Turkish trenches were swept through on the further ridges.
is useless; but none who heard the men talk ing next day could doubt its value.
Presently up came the 9th and loth, line after line, in very good lines of 20 or 30. They went through the scrub rushing for all they
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[395