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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY JUNE 11rx, 1915.
*THE PROCESS OF ATTRITION.!!
WHEN WILL THE GERMAN ARMY
FAIL TO HEPLACE WASTAGE 1
"There is nó country where the war is followed with closer attention than in wit
zerland says the correspondent of The Daily Graphic at Bal-and no coetry hetter situated. for forming a clear and impartial jergipent. Switzerland is the only country where the communiquer of the British, French, German, and Russian General Stalls are publisher simultaneously. The morning journals of Paris and Berlin are for sale etch evening in the streets of Bals, and news of the events in Alsace (the frontier of which is only a couple of miles away) reach this city within an hour or two of their happening in Switzerland it is possible to obtain data which are wanting olgowlers The Confederation is the umpire who marks the points scored by the adver- saries in the greatest war the world has ever
Been.
ut is therefore of interest to tabulate the figures recorded in Switzerland regarding the forces which Germany can still put in the field. The latest bulletins issued by the German Army fixes its monthly losses for the year 1914 at an average of 10,000 pen per month The latest reports to end March) make it diflicult to know if this. proportion has been maintained for the first three months of 1910. That there has been a diminution on the western front seema certain. The battle line remains the saine, but the lighting has not had the amplitude. it had during the first five month, in which were fought the battles of Charleros, the Marne, and in Flanders. In addition since the New Year the Allies have chiefly takea the offensive..da
There have, of course, heat heavy Gerainn losses on the eastern front, and this front has been lengthened by the aid which Germany has had to furnish her ally in the Carpathians. But even with this addition it would seem reasonable to reduce the monthly HOME losses in 1916 by one-third, making 180,000 per month killed, wounded, sick or prisoners. This would give the following figures:--
Five months in 1014-...
*** 13:50,000 Three months in 1915...
$570,000
...1,300,000 to be deducted as from April 1st last from the total forces of which Germany originally disposed on entering on thw wang - From the number of men at the disposal of the military authorities one must also deduct such men as are physically incapable of military sex There are the Government officials, the employes and work on indisposable for the public services, the manufacture of arms the providing of food and provisions, medicines, ote. The latter category can be safely esti
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Total losses...
mated at 500,000.
As regards those incapable of military ser- vice, as Germany is notoriously calling up every man who can be utilisel in any capacity | whatever (I know personally of a man with only one eye who has been incorporated as an artillery driver), this can be placed at the most at 10 per cent of the total force avail- able.
|
JAPAN AND CHINA.
QUESTIONS IN THE HOUSE -OF COMMONS.
In the House of Conmiona Lust, nenuli a number of questions wore put with reference to the relations betwem Japan
and China. 13.
this.
BRITISH AND JAPANESE RIVALRY IN CHINA,
TWO BRITISH PERSONALITIES IN
PEKING.
THE "WAYFARER,"
SURVIVOR'S VIVID STORY OF STRICKEN LINER.
OUTBREAK OF FIRE,
during the Boxer trouble, his death ever, by the rush of water but the after The fire was quickly extinguished, how- reported, and many European papers part of the steamer rapidly settled, aud paid warm tributes to him. Dr. Morri- the captain ordered the lifeboats to bo Whilst this was being done sun is described as anti-Japanese, but be launched.
as not so antagonistic to Japan in for- the fores of the explosion, buckled up the mer days. It was at Portsmouth, U.S.A., upper deck and severed the wireless tele- that Mr. Ishikawa first mot hin, and then graph apparatus, the doctor was by no means auti Japanese. He had been discontented with
All the men quickly got into the boats. Whilst his boat was sliding from the
Ashcroft caught hold of the fall and climbed aboard the steamer, saving-his- life, but injuring his hand..
A vivid story of scenes on the big Hu Mr. Hauzun Ishikawa, an editorialrism liner Wayfarer, which had seven men killed and one injured in the mys writer in the Yorozu, writes interesting terious explosion that almost wrecked the ly about Dr. Morrison and Sir John Jorship, is told by one of her quartermasters. Sir E. Grey (Northumberland, Ber-dan, British Minister in Peking, both of The explosion occurred when the liner wick) replied that he might artin remind whom are well known to bat somewhat mis had been seen it is considered probable was off Scilly. Although no submarine the House that the communications mande to him by the Japanese Government on understood by the Japanese. Mr. Ishi- that the Wayfarer TVAS torpedoed. the subject wore of a confidential nature kawa says that he knows both very well. Another suggestion is that an internal ex and that he was therefore not at liberty As the former gentleman is called Dsplosion occurred, but there is nothing at to discuss their tarmus, and he was not Morrison, he is taken as a hange in present to supparit this. The liner vench- aware that any official or accurate Japan, bat, as a matter of fact, his deed Queenstown in tow. version of the demands had yet been pub tor" comes from his being a physician. Henry Ashcroft, of Liverpool, the lished.
What has made him famous was his career quartermaster mentioned, stated during Mr. Snowden (Blackburn, Lab.--Areas Peking correspondent of the Times an interview that whilst asleep he was wo to understand that the right hon. He is a good Chinese linguist, has widely awakened by a loud explosion. He rush- gentleman is prepared to do nothing until travelled throughout the interior of China, ed on deck and found that a hole had been Japan by military force, leaving already and is well versed in geography. While driven through the after part of the hull, 60,000 troops in China, has imposed her others were in ignorance he disclosed and a great dame shot up from the bay hon. gentleman aware that we are bound tal after the Sino-Japanese war to th authority upon China, and is the right many striking events in the Chinese cap aboard. by treaty cbligations to maintain the amazement of many. When he was wound- integrity of China, and is in prepared to regard them ag u scrap of paper and do nothing at all? (Cries of Uh, oh")
Sir Grey do not think there is ything in my answer to give rise to that The position I am placed in is The Japanes Government have given information confidentially to us and think to some other Governments as to their actual demands on China. I have throughout regarded this matter, as the aggressive policy of Russia in Manchudavits the fall became jammed, but fr. of the greatest importance, and though I ría, and was pleased with Japan when she am not in a position to make disclosures unsheathed her sword, and was a well- with regard to it we have beam in con- wisher of Japan. At Portsmouth, he was munication' with the Japanes Govern-friendly with Japan, and was much dis The steamers Newlyn and Frunfeld ment both on the question of the objects satisfied with the peace terms. He went came to their asistano and took off nearly of the Anglo-Japanese "Alliance in general, and of British commercial in the ally of Japan he was ashamed of the man, who was believed to have heen. even so far as to say that as a subject of 3 all the men, with the exception of a fire- terests in particular, which might be terus, and left Portsmouth very soon...
drowned. affected by competing Japanese demands.
Then the captam of the Wayfarer, see- after. That such a good friend of Japan In reply to Mr. Jowett (Bradford; W;
should become an enemy since the Russeing a chance to save his ship, appealcil for Lab,).
Sir E. Grey said that beyond a brief Japanese War is due to Japan's taking volunteers. Many men responded, and He was returned to the liner, where the pumps informal conversation with the United Russia's place in Manchuria. States Ambassador in February no com-
directly connected with the construction were quickly wanted. While the Em munications had passed between the of the Fakumen Railway, a competitive field was towing the Wayfarer towards United States Government and H. M. ling opposed to the Manchuria Railway Queenstown the Queenstown tugs arrived Government on the subject of the Japan Japan's objection to the British enterprise and the steamer was towed alenside the ese demands on China.
caused ill feeling among the Britishers. deep-water quay. Besides, the interests of Japan-and-Bri- tain always clal in South China, white Japan's gradual growth along the Tangtse and day. River is not received by the British with. vies in China is in the hands of the A LESSON FROM THE ENEMY. favour. The control of the Customs ser:
Robert Hart, who has been succeeded by HOW GERMAN MANUFACTURING British, due to the unusual ability of Sir Sir R. Breden and Mr. Aglin.
With a desire to throw off British contral, the
TOWNS EXTEND THEIR Chinere Government revised the agree- ment to the effect that as long as Great. Britain's commerce with China was larger than that of any other foreign Power, China would employ a British subject in the highest iflics of the Customs, servies. In the volume of Britain's commerce with China, that carried on in Hongkong is also included, but of late years Japan has
manufacturer desires to send a son or made headway, and she may in the near representative abroad to investigate futuro exceed Britain This is another market, the name of such a person is reason for the increasing rivalry between placed before the Town Counen, azd: 1 Japan and Britain in the East.
These this body approve, the outward expenses things tend naturally to ill-feeling behe is allowed twenty shillings a week for of the young man are paid by it, and tween Japan and Britain in the East. These things lead naturally to ill-feeling return for this it is his duty to collect
a maximam period of two years. between Japanese and English, and information of every kind likely to be of Dr. Morrison has consequently become un interest to any manufacturer who applies The year's opera-friendly to Japan.
Sir John Jurdan is a gentleman in the servant of the Council, and the respon- to the Town Council. He is an accredited
In December last the calculations of the Great General Staff in Gertanny put this at 10 to 11 per cent, of the total population, without, however, taking inta neecunt the young men of seventeen and eighteen years who are now eighteen and nineteen years uld. To these may be nede in a month for twa the batter-developed youtha Of the classe" of seventeen years. If now, under the necessities of the situation, the "classes" of 1910 and 1817 are included, and if at the
& In reply to Mr. Enosulon,
Sir E. Grey said he had no information of the conclusion of a treaty between the United States and Chins at any time Just year or, indeed, since 1903,
In reply to Sir W. Ball (Hammersmith, Opp.), MEAN
ir E. Grey said that according to the latest information the number of Japanese troops in Hankow was stated to be 39 rccts and 633 mea, with 30 machine
guns.
Power retained & contingent there.
He was not aware that any other
FAR EASTERN COMPANY REPORTS.
TRONOH MINES.
The report of the Trovou Mixes for the your 1816 states thus 1,069 tons of tin ore were sold, as empire) with 2,187 tons sold during 1913. The amount realized was £139.015, being an average of approxi. mately 200 per ton, as compared with £123 per ten for 1913. 13tions have resulted in a loss of £20,109,
The three after holds were filled with water, and pumping is proceeding night
OVERSEA TRADE.
A very valuable method, much favoured by the manfacturing towns of Germany for extending their overeen trada, is com municated by a correspondent of the E- nire Trade Committed at the Royal Colonial Institute, It appears that when
Τη
On this basis the, calculation of those not which amount deducted from the credit true sense," and is well versed in thingssibility for his good behaviour is presum-
same time one increases the amber of elder ly men who may be retained with the colours, we reach a total of nine million men, or per cent of the population of Gernrmy. available and those available for military service on April 1st gives the following results:--
Incapable of military servico,
10 per cani.
Public services, etc. die Losses during & months
૩),(૫) ૩),{kx 4.1,000,000
Total
1,300,000 Total men at disposal of Cost...0,500,000
Remainder good for service..5,700,000 This total includes on the one hand the effectives already at the front or ready to supply the wastage to bring the units to
balance of £40,081 brought forward leaves | Chinese,
a balance of $19,951, which the directors propose to eary forward. This loss is character, accounted for by the reduced tonnage of tia ore, the fall in the price of tin, the large amount of development necessary, and the costs caused by the large falls of ground as previously reported. The reduced tonnage of tin org is accounted for by the lower value and smaller quan- tity of the karang, treated, The price of tin was gradually falling from the beginning of the year, and the
outbreak af thr WBY Angust the price of the metal felt £70 per ton for tin ore. During August to £130 per tot-equal approximately to And September it was found impossible to
An in
their war strength, and on the other hand the effectives now under training or which will be called up for training as required,
The first category inny be estimated, in sell this output at all, and with the view round figures, at 1,000,000 men, taking as a of protecting the industry and preventing basis the ordre de bataille" of the Telman tits amung the natives, the Government Army This epusists at the present moment of the Federated Malay States requested of seventy-one army corps, made up as the tin mining companies to continue follows:
working and agreed to purchase the output of the mines on the basis of £120 per ton for the metal. For 1913 dividerds equal to 37 per cent were puid.
Army Corps of the Active Army Reserve and Ersatz Reserve" Anoy
Corps
Army Corps of Naval Marines
Army Corps of Now Heservo... Army Corps of Landwehr
Argy Corps of the Supplementaryy
Reserve
Total Army Corps »
Remainder at the disposal of
25
TRONOH SOUTH.
in him one does not find an unscrupulous and in whose interests he is endeavouring Ho is serious and honest, and ably upon the principal who sent him out,
But since he representat to establish a business. Great Power like Britain, his utterances A detailed account of this system is in carry much weight, Mr. Yuta was in- course of preparation, and will be sub- stalled in the presidency by the assistance mitted at an early date for the considera of Britain at the time of the first revolution of the municipalities of British tion, when Germany helped the old Man-manufacturing towns. The committee. chu Court, and ronis from Japan backed will be glad to supply to manufacturerg the revolutionaries Great Britain did and others interested details of this and its level best to make Mr. Yuan President, other points connected with German trad
Inquiries may be addressed to. The British Minister and British Consul methods. General in Henkow made remarkable the Empire Trade Committee, Royal efforts with that end in view, and it was
Colonial Institute, Londen, W.C.
risen was appointed Political Adviser. in view of this consideration that Dr. Mor
is therefore natural that Britain should wield great influence in China. No doubt, Sir John Jordan and Dr. Morrison are great men, but it must not be overlooked that they are representing a World Power Britain, which accounts for their influ ents in Peking.-Par Eust.
TRADING WITH THE ENBMY,
STRINGENT FRENCI
REGULATIONS.
WAR BREVITIES.
It is stated that between the 8th and the 11th of May the British Army in Flanders used a million and a half of shells.
The Bosphorus measures aineteen miles from Seraglio Point to the Black Sea, and in breadth varies from 750 yards to two
A message from Flanders indicates that the Germans are strewing the plains with starlike contrivances, with upstanding spikes, for the purpose of laming borsos.
16th May, said:-The sinking of the A cablegram to India dated London, Limitan has added another Army Corpo of recruite The Liverpool Regiment is inflated to something like 33,000.
In order to explain her use of poisonous gases in the fighting in Belgium, Germany Hungary a statement that Great Britain lias officially circulated in Austria end
was preparing to throw 2,900 starvet and ferocious bloodhounds into the Germans lines.
The report of the THONOH Souri for the year 1914 states that 440 tons of tin ure have been produced from the mices and from tributors, the whole of this gastity having
The following is an abbreviated trarsia- been obtained from the clay karang lead. The profit amounts to £5,927, after writ-tion of an official notification recently On a war strength seventy-one army corus represent in rounil figures 2, 1800 muning off £6,558 in respect of depreciation, issued by the French Legation in Peking these fill to be added the inpendent from commission to vendorsi.
boring expenditure, and a portion of th
An interim and ille French Consulate in Tientsin in which do not belong to the army corps-that dividend of Gd. per share was paid on
connection with trading with the enemy: is, independent cavalry-corps, heavy artillery
The French Consul m. Tientsin' has the siege artillery, Landstorm, and troops guard May 27, 1914. Since the cloan of the year ing lines of communication, garrisons & final dividend of Bd. per shere has been honour to bring to the notice of the
This absorbed £2,500 fortresses, etc. These in and figures would paid, tax free.
French subjects and other residents under make about 1,200,000 meii.
and leaves a balance of 8027 to be carried French protection, or established within To sum
up, the above calculations give forward. The returns for the first quar the area of tao Consulate, the following Total at the disposal of the
fer of the year 1913 have been most satis
extract from the law of April 4th, 1915, Government.....
5,700,000
factory and the directors see no reason which has for its object the penal sanction Atthe front or ready for service 4,008,000. at present why an interim dividend of là,
of the prohibition of maintaining reja- per share should rot be paid at the endtionship of an economic description with As an example of a people eating their of the current half-year."
The subjects of an enemy Power. Thu own words read this concerning the Ger CONSOLIDATED MALAY RUBBER | aw completes the decros of September mads: The hatred against the English
ESTATES.
27th, 1014, by winch all contracts or deeds has cates into people, The famous The directors of the CONSOLIDATED Fade or entered into either in French ter sentence Gott strafo England! is to be MALAY RUBBER ESTATES report a net profitory or in territory under French pro-seen on the crust of the bread, in raised
lotters," for 1914 of £27,430 (against 234,712) festion with either German or Austro which, with last year's carry forward of Hungarian subjects were declared nul
The decree is applicable to £8,089 leaves a balance for appropriation and void. of £29,520. It was proposed to pay on May China, 17 a final dividend of 25 per coat. (makiaz The following is an extract from the 373 per cent. for the year against 50 per Journal Oficial of April 4th, which reach cent, for 1913) and to carry forwarded Tientsin on May 92ril. £3,270. The manager's original catimate
Article 1 I hear (says "Rambler" in the Daily for 1914 was 670,000lk, of rubber, and the Whosoever, in violation of prohibitions Mirror) that Daniel O'Leary, Michael's amount secured was 684,050lb. The which have been or shall be decreed, shal father, is almost disappointed in his son average gross price was 25. 2.240 as attempt to conclude, or shall cxecute According to a correspondent, O'Leary's father was interviewed and asked if he against 28. 6.15d for 1913. The cost of either directly or through the agency of a production fo.b. Port Licks, including third person, an act of commerce or any was surprised at his son's bravery. He allowance for depreciation, was 11.03.2 replied: "I am surprised he didn't do as against ls. 0.61d. in 1913. Among the
agreement whatsoever with a subject o more. I often laid out twenty men myself reason for the discrepancy between the ing in his territory, sither with an agent
an enemy Power or with any person resid with a stick coming from Macroom Fair, estimate and the crop realizz were and it is a bad trial of Mick that he could shortage of tappers for some time, and a of the said subject or with the subje› him kill only eight, and he having a ride and change in the system of tappi.g, which On Sale at the "Dans Puna" Ofice or bayonet.” How's that for the proper will tend to the permanent advantage of Lori Bookialları,
spirit!
the properties.
FOR
DEMAND DRAFTS ON BOMBAY
On the Day Preceding the Departure of the English Mails from the Year of the Closing of the Indian Mints to the Free Calzige T Silver
FROM 1893 To 1909:
A190
RATES FOR SOVEREIGNS, GOL
LEAF, BAR SILVER (From 1900); -
and other Ussful Information.
PRICE: $1 Carb,
theGovernment till end of war 1,700,000" If the losses shoulil continue to be, as onl culated above, 236,000 men per month, this 1,700,000 men available would allow of the -present forces in the field being kept on a war footing for seven or eights months louger. After that the diminution could no longer be nuct.
THE PROPER SPIRIT,"
Law of April 4th, 1915.
self, shall be punished by imprisonment for from one to five years and (or) by a fine of from Frs. 500 to Frs, 20,000. I
General Joffre has forbidden shop- keepers in the war zone to supply alcohol to soldiers, including the British, who are retricted to the regulation allowance. This action is due to the prolonged stay the trenches leading to an increase in drinking.
1
A felegram from Munich states that the "ermin Governor of Belgium has forbid- the use of the French language in Bel- ium. The Vaasbode (Amsterdam) learns hot the Chief of the German General Staff ong issued a notice that B Igians will bo Amitted to send private correspondence uly to Germany and cortși parts of Bel- vium, Postal communication with Hol- and and Luxembourg was suspendet from the 3rd malt.