SIX WEEKS WITH THE ENEMY
THE TEMPER OF THE SAXON.
GRIM RESOLUTION:
(BY A NEUTRAL OBSERVER IN THE TIMES.") Before going to Germany I was given to understand that I should find a difference of opinion and point of view with regard to the war in the various States of the German Corfoderation. To dissover such a rift in the "Bundesstaat was my particular objecb in visiting. Dresden,
I arrived on a day when fresh battalions wore leaving for the front. The streets were thronged with men in full fighting kit With flowers wreathed about thoir helmets and around the barrels of their guns, a broad, contented smile on most faces, they went singly or in pairs to an appointed railway station in the suburbs, escorted by their women-folk many in peasant costume who, wide-eyed; seemed only vaguely to comprehend what was going on. In new field-grey uniforms, their helmets covered with business-like rifle slung wor the right Brey water-proof cases, a new-looking shoulder, boots, belts, knapsack, all of now leather, they presented a remarkably fit appearance. Artillery also. bly entra of bustle and confusion.
so that there was a general Dresden seemed infinitely more human than Berlin. -There
was something grim and determined about the people, which would appear to confirm the reports
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, MARCH 23rd, 1915.
In all German towns I found in con- spicuous places, cafés, hotels, olc., the official casualty lists, published by the Government, which include the names of killed, wounded, or missing, since the beginning of the war. They now amonnt to a very thick tome, eculaining nearly million names a mute testimony to the fearful sacrifices the people are making for their country. Therefore, the German authorities, wherever possible, give to the people by the exhibition of war trophies a concrete testimony of the prowess of German arms,
MUNICH AND ART.
· PREPARING FOR A LONG WAR.
If in Saxony I found a certain awkward reticence, a certain serioustics and over emphasis on topics of the war, on my arrival. in Munich I was agreeably surprised to meet with a spirit of unprejudiced discussion and criticism regarding the war and ita possible advantages and results
"That is very difficult question. We de not wish to keep Belgium after the war, that is to incorporate it in our country. · · Our Reichstag it already difficult enough to manage, but to my mind the entry of Bel- gium into our “Zollverein" (Customs Union) would be of great advantage both to Belgium and to ourselves.
would undoubtedly be of the utmost import "And the Belgian Congo?" I think it ance for us to retain it as a connection between German East and West African possessions.
When I referred to the fact that King Albert is one of the most herois figures of the war, the answer I received was ---“ Of course, he is a German.
IN THE FIGHTING ZONE.
The following extructs are from a despatch by Field Marshal Sir John French
THE MEDICAL SERVICE. DES
work of the Royal Army Medical Corpa has Since the commencement of hostilities the been carried out with untiring zeal, skill and devotion. Whether at the front under con- The Bavarian people have in a peculiar ditions such as obtained during the fighting way.felt themselves the inheritors of French on the Aisnie, when casualties were heavy and they do not forget what they owe to France in provised, or on the line of communications, culture in Germany. Even in time of war accommodation for their reception had to be "The French are a valorous people. We do where an average of some 13,000 patients have not expect to take one yard of French been daily under treatment, the organization territory. We hope that after the war they of the Medical Services has niways been equal will become our friends," is the gist of to the demands made upon it. several convoreations that I had in Munich. The careful system of sarutation introduced I saw little demonstration of a warlike into the Army has, with the assistance of spirit, few soldiers and, as far as I could other measures, kept the troops free from judge, Munich still retained her old atmosy, epidemic, in support of which it le to he phere of Gemütlichkeit. It was approaching noticed that since the commencement of
of enteric have
SHIPPING IN PORT.
STRLANIRAJ
AKI MARU, Japanese sir, 4,002, 1. Noma, 18th March-Shanghai 16th March, - General Nippon Yusen Kaisha. BOXARIN, Russian str., 195, Baiding, 20th
and General Chinese March-Haiphong 17th March, Rice CANADA MABU, Japanese str., 3,547, T
Buruga, 20th March-Shanghai 17th
INDIAN AFRICAN LINE.
Cargo carried on through Bills of Lading from HONGKONG to BEIRA, DELAGOA BAY, DURBAN (Natal), EAST LONDON, PORT ELIZABETH and CAPE TOWN with transhipment at COLOMBO to Steamem of the INDIAN AFRICAN LINE.
FROM HONGKONG:
· PROPOSED SAILINGS; Connecting with
FROM COLOMBO I
BIORERENT AGGOHHODANION VOR IIT AND SED CLASS PASSENGLES,
March, General - Osaka Shosen ORIENTAL AFRICAN LINE.
Kaisha.
CHEIAN MART, Japanese atr., 1,008, Malca,
10th March--Kinkon Bay 13th March, Balt-Csaka Bhosen Kaisha. ORITO MARU, Japanese str., 7,243, W. W. Greeno, 18th March-San Francisco 18th February, General-Toro Kisen Kaisha CITY OF CORINTH, British Atr., 3,700, R
Gordon, 19th March Shanghai 16th March, General-Shewan, Tomas & FAU SANG, British str., 1,410, H. S. Malkin
Co 19th March--Saigon 14th March, Rico— Fantine, Matheson & Co FIORIso, Chinese str., 979, A. B. Buno, 16th March-Shanghai 13th March, General Chinese.
Fox
Manu, Japanese str., 2,087, 12th March-Miike 6th March, Cosl Mitsul Bussan Kaisha.N ANNA
HAICHING, British str. 1,267, W. C. Pass-
more, 31st March- Swatow 20th March, General Douglas Lapraik & HALIOTIE, Dutch str., Bakker, 17th March Singapore 9th March, Bulk Oil.--- Asiatic Petroleum Co.
that the Saxon troops are paying the carnival time, and this year there was to be the war some 300 cases only HONGKONG, French str., 742, Marguerite,
nu carnival, such to the undisguised dismay. of the people. Many spoke with regret of the omission of this all-important event in every good "Müncimera" life as a great, and irreparable loss....
heaviest toll of the war. For it is well known throughout Germany that, on the Bring line, whenever there has been a particularly difficult piceo of work to be done, Saxon troops have been called upon to do it. And though it would be far The artistic life of the city seemed to con- from the truth to say that there is a tinue as in the past. Private galleries were Saxon" feeling in regard to the war, exhibiting new pictures as usual-there differing from the rest of the Empire, were, of ng number of patriotic yet the struggle would seem to have prudent; fctures, Gough cubists, fauvists, a deeper impression here than elsewhere, and others of that sort seemed to have dis- These are deeply serious times," appeared. Public collections were open to all heard quoted time and again.
visitors, as in times of peace. It was a strange sight to see the "Alte Pinakothek" filled with limping, bandaged soldiers wearing long wrinkled grey overcoats. All over their little round brimless fatigue caps, and Germany the museums are open, and all pictares and other artistic treasures are in their accustomed places, and everywhere the galleries are filled with wounded soldiers who seem deeply interested in the works of art Seeing them thus, it is difficult to picture them in the barbarous roles ascribed to them.
NO ANTI-BRITISH FEELING.
Dresden, apart from its troops, seems poculiarly silent and deserted. I was Aurprised to find that there was little or no feeling of animosity against the British, accounted for in part by the friendship which had existed between the inhabitants and the former British colony A retired German officer remarked 10 me: The English troops have fought well on the Western front. The equipment of their men, in the opinion of qur military authorities, is superior even to our own, but it seems to us extra ordinary that their officers should adver- tise in the newspapers for binoculars, revolvers, and swords, and our men tell as that many English officers are inadequately equipped.
Though far removed from either battle front, Dresden impressed ine is very vitally alive to the problems of the war In all the cafés and other public places I saw placards, painted in the national colours, inscribed in large lettering with the worde "Donkt an Tsingtam." (Remember Tsingtau.) It was the only city in the land where I heard the Tsing Lau episode referred to with rancour It was here also that the ass stance rendered by the Japanese was actively and
répertoire. I attended a performance of the The Opora was giving its usual winter Heistersinger, heautifully given, with a splendid cast and orchestra, every seat being sold, though at somewhat reduced prices. That the war will have a definite and bene ficind influence on the artistic and creative of many. life of the German people seemed the belief Provided that it lasts long enough, and demands of nu extraordinary crifices was the remark of a well-known art critic.
WAR BELIEF WORK
Munich is more concerned with the care of her wounded, the allaying of the economie distress of her people, the forwarding of necessities and luxuries to her troops in the trenches, than in discussing military tactics Everything possible is
Loccurred
The organization for the first time in wor of Motor Ambulance Convoys is due to the initiative and organizing powers of Surgeon- General T. J. O'Donnell, D.S.O., ably assisted by Major P. Evans, Royal Army Medical Corps.
Two of these convoys, composed entirely of Red Cross Society excellent work under the superintendence of personnel, have done Regular Medical Others
Twelve Hospital Trains ply between the front and the various bases. I have visited several of the trains when halteil in stations, and have found them conducted with great comfort and efficiency.
paign the creation of Rest Depots at the During the more recent phase of the cam- front has materially reduced the wastage of men to the line of communications.
Since the latter part of October, 1914, the whole of the medical arrangements have been in the hands of Surgeon General Sir A. T. Sloggett, C.M.G., KHS under whom Sur geon-General T. P. Woodhouse and Surgeon General T. J. O'Donnell have been respons munications and at the front respectively, ible for the organization on the line of com-
EFFICIENCY OF ENGINEERS. The exceptional and peculiar conditions brought about by the weather have caused large demands to be made upon the resources and skill of the Royal Engineers.
Every kind of expedient has had to be thought out and adopted to keep the lines of trenches and defence work effective.
The Royal Engineers have shown themselves as capable of overcoming t the ravages caused violent rain and floods as they have been throughout enemy's artillerying the effect of the
bitterly resented. However, the life of the horrors of the waing done to soften Fowe who has been indefatigable in supELS
the city continued in most respect quite normally. I met the King of Saxony crossing the Altmarkt, his sword olanking over the cobble pasement, with the usual crowd of admiring street Urchins at his heels. Just as in times of peace. The Royal Theatre was continuing its Shakespearian productions, though most Germans seem to think that Mr. Bernard Shaw has succeeded in creating afar more satisfactory and truer portrait of the modern Englishman. Mr. Shaw's essay, published last November. was handed to me for persual, and I learned later that it has been widely circulated by Germans as propaganda literature, for the purpose of bringing to the attention of neutrals, a "truthful and unbiased survey of England and the English."
THE SOCIALISTE:
In view of the large number of Socialists in Saxony, I had expected to and, if not active discontent, at least some signs of disappointment that the war had not heen fought to a victorious conclusion as speedily as had been prediated and pro- zuised, but I was unable to discover any trace of such discontent. Socialista na a whole seem to believe that the future
looks very bright. As was said to me
Since the day, at the beginning of the war, when the Emperor proclaimed, know no parties, only Germans, we are convinced that never again will he be able to rely on one party alone."
Though I spoke with several influential personages, I found to my surprise a certain strange timidity in their part in speaking to a foreigner, lest there should perhaps be a discrepatrey between what this day of my questions remain they might tell me and what I had heard ed unaswered, and I was referred to the competent authorities in the capital. Here only during my stay in Germany was I led to believe that more or less stereotyped information for the consump; tion of adventurous neutrals was prepared in advance. But as the Saxons are inclined to be reticent and take themselves very seriously, too much stress must not be laid on this point,
TROPHIES OF WAR.
*** In Germany, where all “relief work flows
THE WAR'S EFFECTS ON INDIA.
The following are extracts from a summary of the Financial Statement prosented by Sir William Meyer at a recent meeting of the Imperial Legislative Council of India.
In this connection I wish particularly to mention the excellent services performed by my Chief Engineer, Brigadier-General G. II. vising all such work. His ingenuity and skill into certain definite, officially appointed have been most valuable in the local con channels, individual initiative is very limited.struction of the various expedients which experience has shown to be necessary in There are no "Gretchen." or "Lottchen
prolonged trench warfare. motor ambulances or soup kitchens, no pro- miscuous or untrained help, but the "Kriegs- is a branch of the Red Cross, is a boon to the fürsorge (War Charity), as it is callerl, which German household, such as has never been offered at any time past. This organization accepts gifts of all kinds, and any kind From tinned fruits to Government bonds, old blankets, rag dolls, old shoes, out-of-date furniture, dresses, bisque, plaques, ote, I saw every imaginable kind of thing, that had been saved by the economical Clerman housewife for years, collected at one of the central depôts which I visited. As the man showing me around remarked," If the war accomplishes nothing else it will have cleared out the trash from our homes; an untold lessing for us all," he concluded. At the "Kriegsfürsorge" all the goods are sorted, and what can be used is used, the rest is sold. Old portières are made over into horse and sleeping blankets, odd bitsof cloth are patched together and made into lighter blankets which will be suitable for the coming summer campaign. The work is carried on partly by voluntary, partly by paid helpers.
In many cities there are wooden boxes, placed at the street corners, where gifts for the soldiers may be deposited. Money is also collected in the cafés, hotels, to, by women collectors, who visit a certain number of places hourly; they are all paid collectors, and receive it 20 per cent. commission. spoke to one of them, who told me that her weekly average was 300 marks (15), chielly in contributions of one penny. All this is turned over to the "Kriegsfürsorge and cigars, cigarettes, beer, and other delicacies and hospitalar are purchased for the men in the trenches
Commercial credits. The position of the presidency banks before the crisis was specially strong and large balances have been retained with them by Government. The bank rate has not risen above e per cent. Internal credit and finance facilities have, however, suffered and two minor banks previously shaken by the banking crisis of 1913 bave succumbed.
Foreign and internal trade. Imports from August to December show a decline, us cora- pared with the corresponding period of 1913, a decline of 37 million pounds or 42 per cent. The worst months were September and Octo ber Completo cossation of foreign trade with Germany and Austria and its diminu tion in the case of Belgium and France ns well as restriction dictated by military re- quirements and dislocation of the world's exchanges are factors in this result. Internal trade and production were chiefly affected Wheat prices in regard to jute and cotton. have also risen seriously, necessitating dras- tie restrictions on export. To promote a revival of confidence and business activity Government have recently undertaken to lend money to presidency banks for further assistance to trade if required, providing for the required funds by taking power to reduce four million if necessary, cash held in the
paper currency reserve by PREPARED FOR A LONG WAR.
In closing this
roviow the Finance Membe The prevalent opinion in Munich is that claims that though India has in truth been the war will last a long time, and people are much buffeted the inherent strength of hier preparing for such an eventuality. Many position has been demonstrated at every women are taking up office work, and I saw torn. The prestige of Government loans fewer civilians of the arms bearing age than and note issue are practically unimpaired; thore was such a dearth of malo labour in banks has been met and exchange success- in any other city in the country. In fact, the unprecedented drain on the savings Munich that the clearing away of snow in fully supported. As regarde foreign and the streets was to a great exfent done by internal trade readjustment is already taking women. There was no unemployment, and place and confidence improving Conditions off than at any previous time.
necessity for a moratorium and India bas faced all her obligations without outside help. As regards the immediate future she is also strengthened by an abundant mon- soon and promise of exceptionally bountiful crops.
Regalar Direct Bervice from JAPAN, CHINA and STRAITS to BEIRA, DELAGOA BAY, DURBAN, EAST LONDON, FORT ELIZABETH and CAPE TOWN, calling at MAURITIUS en route, and affording the Quickest Freight Transport from the OBLENT to SOUTH AFRICA.
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14th March--Hoihow 13th March, MARSEILLES:& LONDON ... CITY OF CORINTH"... On 24th March. Goneral A. R. Harty. HSIX CHANG, Chinese str., 1,248, Munro, 20th
"KALOMO" March-Tientsin 13th and Chefoo 16th.
On 10th May. March, General--Chinese HUICHOW, British str., 1,222, Shane, 91st
"CITY OF NEWCASTLE" On 20th May March-Tientsin 14th March, Gen- eral-Butterfield & Swire To M
Hus, French str., 769, A. Cornelinson, 20th March-K., O. Wan 19th March, General 4 R. Marty, Ixion, British str., 6,527, G. L. Stout, 18th March-Manila 15th March, General.
Butterfeld & Swire
Banaki, 9th MarchMoj 3rd March, KON MARU, Japanese str., 2,091, B. Coal Mitaui Bussan Keisha... EIANO FING, Chinese str., 1,222. U. Udden, 14th March-Chinkiang 8th March, General Chinese.
KORIKA MARU, Japanese str., Yamashita,
19th March-Nagasaki 13th March, Coal-Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, pa LABAS, British str., 1,316, 15th March- Shanghai 12th March, General.— Butterfold & Bwire. MATANO, British str. 1,644, Matthews,
10th March-Bandakan 9th March, Timber.—Jardina, Matheson & Co.
MINNESOTA, American str., 13,323, Garlick,
11th March-Beattle 8th February, MUREX, British str., 2,329, Williams, 19th General-Nippon Yusen Kaisha y
March-Balikpapan 13th March, Ballast
Asiatic Petroleum Co.
NAMSANG, British str., 2,891, H. E. Gilroy,
18th March Moj 18th March, Gen- eral-Jardine, Matheson & Co. PICUMPENE, British str., 1,065, W. C.
Bird, 12th March-baigan 7th March, Rico and General-Order. PROMETHEUS, Norwegian str., 1,024, M. Jensen, 20th March-Bangkok 11th * March, Rice-Thoresen & Co. SAINT EGDERT, British str. 3,059, G. Aitken, 19th March-Manila 16th March, General--Dodwoll & Co SABINE RICKMERS, Dutch str., Schnurman, 17th March-Awatow 16th March, Nil-
Astatic Petroleum Co. SINGAN, British str., 1,053, H. Trowbridge, 20th March-Haiphong 18th March, SUMATRA, Swedish str., 3,271, A. C. Nord
General.--Butterfield & Swire. fold, 14th March-Moji sth March,
Beans Swedish Trading Co. BUISANG, British str., 1,778, H. Simpson, 20th March-Singapore 13th March, General-Jardine, Matheson & Co. TIENTSIN, British str., 1,227, John Cogan, 9th March Shanghai 5th March, General Butterfield & Bwire TJITAROEM, Dutch str., 1,000, J, N. Eru-
man, 17th March Batavia, Sagar- Java-China-Japan Lija.
FORTHCOMING EVENTS.
TO MORROW
11 am-Hongkong Club Twenty-Seventh Half-Yearly Drawing of 65 Debenture in the "Club Hopso
Noon-Chins Sugar Refining Co, Lt,
Meeting of Shareholders,
12.15 p.m.-Luzon Sugar Refining Co., Ltd.,
Meeting of Bhareholders.
Thursday, 25th March ---
Noon China Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.,
Meeting of Shareholders,
Wednesday, 31et March
11 am--Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Co.,
Ltd., Meeting of Shareholders. Noor Hongkong Rope Manufacturing Co.,
* Ltd, Mesting of Shareholdera.
Tuesday, 20th April
NOON Toerangie Rubber Co., Ltd., Genom Meeting at the Office of Mesare. Lowe, Bingham & Matthews.
FOR HALE
Just before leaving Dresden, I was in this respect, I was told, the city is better have never been such as to suggest the FAT VARIETIES OF
I inquired especially to and cut whether the fact that the Queen of the Belgians was Bavarian Princess made any difference in the feeling of the people towards Belgium. The answer made to me was not without interest.
crossing the Scholossplatz when I noticed a great crowd, chiefly men and boys, inspecting several batteries of artillery which stood in the centre of the square,
In front of the Imperial Palace in Berlin I had seen some 20 pieces of Rus sian ordnance, taken during the recent campaign in Poland, which are the
"Family ties make no difference. We are delight of the Berliners: Quite contrary sorry for the Belgians, but consider it very to the habitual German strictnss, every stupid of them not to have allowed our troops schoolboy was given full run of the to pass through their country," was remarked captured
red guus, so it was here in Dresden, to ne by a man of international reputation. Mon and boys were husy opening and "Look at Luxemburg prosperous as it closing the breach blocks, raising and has never been before, unmolested by our lowering the firing angle, and in her troops, with plenty of money. So Belgium ways familiarizing themselves with the might be today," he continued. weapons of their hated enemy.
In every important German city which I visited I saw captured artillery. The impression that it makes on the people is of inestimable value in strengthening their belief, not only in past victories, but in the final outcome.
Amung even the most conservative Germans there is a strong conviction that, no matter what may happen, it will he impossible to drive their troops out of Belgium, and the Belgim problem is already a subject of academic discussion Inquired what Ger many intended to do with Belgium.
Tublic Debt of India.--In conclusion the Finance Member draws attention to the exceedingly satisfactory position of India in regard to public debt, which, on 31st March, 1914, was £261 million productive and only £13 million unproductive. He points out that in 1913-14 the net yield of the capital undertakings financed by productive debt was sufficient to pay the entire interest charges on the aggregate debut (both produc- tive and unproductive) and leave £6 million of clear revenue. He adds the caution that this strong position must not be too readily impaired even on emergency and that the question of dealing with the temporary debt which is now being incurred will have to be faced when the war is ended.
PICTORIAL WAR POST CARDS.
GRACA & CO..
CAINE ROAD, No. 114 Hongkong, 17th March, 1916.
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Humphreys
Major Bowen
Mrs Bowdler
Mr Bok
Mr & Mrs Carmichael Mr A. Cartwright My M. Cary
Mr & Mra J. Stander-Mr & Mrs Caulif
Sing
Mas ar J. Standering
Mrs M. Standering
Mr Cousland
Mr H. U Jeffries
Mrs Johose Mr & Mrs Keigwin Mr Lee Jonos
Mr Martin & okilden Mr. & Mrs E V
Mitchelmore and
Mr & Mrs Crichton & child
children
Stockmest, Paris
Mrs Stevenson
baby
and
Mr W. Swan Mr & Mrs J. A. T
Choteas
Mr B. II. Tharndike Mr & Mrs J. K. Ulen Mr & Mra E. L. Vest Dr E A. Vickey Mr E. B. Waite Mr C; Wallase
Mrs Elliot & children Major FaichineTM Mr & Mrs A. Findlay
Bitb
Mr & Mrs Goodbur Mr. & Mrs B. A Hate L-Col. Gordon Hal,
B.A.M.C. Mr F. A. Hazeland Mrn Horbrender Major Hanphreys
Mr & Mrs Moss und Tchild Mr&MrJ.L Plumme Major Pyré Mr & Mrs Ralphs Mr A. Sinclair Mr & Mrs Grat
Smita Mira Skinner Mr C. Skett Lt. and Mrs Smyth Mr & Mrs Tendon Isl