THE HEART OF BELGIUM.
II
SUFFOCATING A PEOPLE.
[DY AN AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT IN THE TIMES."]
King Albert and his soldiers are not only Belgians fighting for the cause of the Alles. Bome seven millions of Belgians at home are also fighting. The soldiers in the Allied trenches at Dixmude, enjoying the privilege of free men in the remaining unconquered strip of their soil, face the enemy in open battle with weapons as good as his. But the peoplo between the German trenches and the Dutch frontier are waging war with only mind and spirit against the bayonots of Landsturm guards.
In former days the traveller hardly thought of Belgium as having patriotic homogeneity. She seemed a hothouse of industry whose nationality was the arti ficial product of European politics. After five months of German occupation one would not have been surprised to find her thrifty artisans, manufacturers, peasants, and tradere bowing to Casar in at least a truce of outward friendliness for the sake of individual profit. Nothing of the Eind has happened. Belgium is an un- shaken unit of dehance of German rule. Her metal, struck to a white heat in the furnace of war, has cooled under Ger- man occupation to tempered steel Whether always latent or newly born out
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, MARCH 22ND, 1915,
„UNARMED "WARS.
verinin One officer who lost his temper On such an occasion exclaimed. These are little things, but reflective of “Madame, I shall not contaminate you! Her only reply was to look at the officer's coat and draw a little farther away.
In the smaller, towns, where the Ger- mans are billeted in Belgian houses, of course the hosts must serve their unwel come guests. Yet we manage to let them know what is in our heart," said one "Some try to be friendly. They woman. say they have wives and children at home, and wo answer, How glad they would be to see you! Why don't you go home?"! When a report reached the commander in Ghent that an old man had concealed arms, sergeant with a gaurd was sent to search the house.
"Yes, my son has a rifle." "Whoro is it 1 ** „
“In his hands on the Yser, if he is not dead, Monsieur. You are welcome to search, Monsieur."
"
how the millions of unarmed wage their war. There are moro vital things Ger many may force Belgians into the mines, as they have at Liége, or to other forms of manual labour under guards. But the bayonet fails with the skilled artisan. The repairing of a German official automobile would hardly be risked at a Belgion garage. That automobile would likely break down before it was far along the rond; and how could the officer riding in it prove that the mechanic at the garage was responsible for the accident? Usually when skilled labour is required there are To skilled Belgians to be found. Belgians refuse to work in the arms factories or any other factories which produce material of war for the enemy.
SHIPPING IN PORT,
'STEATIERS.
AKI MARU, Japanese str., 4,002, I. Noma,
18th March Shanghai 15th March, General. Nippon Yusen Kaisha. CHEIAN MAHU, Japanese str., 1,000, Blako,
18th March-Kinhon Bay 13th March, ⠀⠀⠀ Balt-Osaka Bhosen Kaisha.
Ontro Mazu, Japanese str. 7,259, W. W. Greeno, 18th March-San Francisco
INDIAN AFRICAN LINE.
Cargo carried on through Elile of Inding" from HONGKONG to BEIBA, DELAGOA BAY, DURBAN (Naisi), EAST LONDON, FORT ELIZABETH sed CAPE TOWN with transhipment at COLOMBO to Stesmen of the INDIAN AFLICAN LINE.
PROPOSED SAILINGS. Connecting with
FROM COLOMBO BECKELENT ACCOMMODATION FÖR 1ST: AND ÎND CLABB TABRENONES,
FROM HONGKONG 1
19th February, General --Toyo Kison ORIENTAL AFRICAN LINE.
Kaiaha,
CITY OF CORISTA, British str., 3,700, B. Gordon, 19th March-Shanghai 16th March General.Shewan, Tomes Co. FEICHING, Chinese str., 979, A. B. Bunu,
18th March Shanghai 13th March, General-Chinesa.
With their whispered satire, with lips FORUL MARU, Japanese str. 3,087, 19th stiff with scorn, with glances of contempt,
· Murch-Miike 8th March,|| Coal.- with every resource of civilized man's wit Mitsui Bussan Kaisha.. and stubbornness and the force of the mass HALIOTIB, Datch str., Bakker, 17th March -Singapore 9th March, Bulk Oil- of their millions they are fighting while economic rain stares them in the face and
Asiatio Petroleum Co. bread from America gives them the HONGKONG, French atr., 742, Marquerito, strength to go on They have suffered most of all the Allies for the Allier use. It looks as if they may have to starve for it. We come to the problem of how a country dependent on the food it bought with its industry is to live if the Allies do not break open the doors with victory
14th Maroh-Hoihow 13th March, General A. R. Marty," HUPER, British str., 1,205, C. P. Colo, 17th
March Bangkok 9th March, Rice.
Butlerfeld & wire. Ixion, British str, 6,527, G. L. Stout, 18th
March Manila 15th March, General. -Butterfield & Swire.
If the sergeant had struck the old man his neighbours would have known it. The talo would have travelled on the whisper to Brussels and eventually to the neutral countries, which would have called forth the plaint from the Foreign Office at Berlin:After all our pains, there you soldiers go, breaking the crockery again !
The German officer and overy German soldier in Belgium is the mouthpiece of propaganda for the policy which succeeded that of Louvain, after terrorization had
It does seem neareri" people in accomplished its purpose." They tell the Belgians at every opportunity that the Brussels koop saying when they hear gun- fire. There is something pitiful and some- of the horrors of Louvain, Belgian their rescue. The Allies are beaten; Parising fine in their confidence and loyalty. KENKON MARU, Japanese atr., 2,091, 8.
English and the French can never come to nationalism is a fact. Defeat and suffer- ing have only served to strengthen the and Warsaw will soon fail; the Suez They have no doubt that Sir John French Belgians' love of their King and of all the Canal will soon be in Turkish hands. It is coming. England, they think, is principles be incarnates..
was the British who got Belgiun into invincible. As they see German officers in trouble; the British who are responsible Aying automobiles and as they obey with for the idleness, the penury; the hunger, their bodies but not their minds, they and the suffering in Belgium to day. The dream of that day when their King shall British used Belgium as a cat's paw; then mount the steps of his Palace and khaki columns march through the streets singing they deserted her.
"Tipperary." main unconvinced.
H
We know how to suffer in Belgium," said a Belgian jurist. Our ability to suffer and to hold fast to our hearths has kept us going through the centuries. Now a puffian has come into our house and taken us by the throat. He can choke us. to death or he can slowly starve us to death, but he cannot make us yield. No, we shall never forgive'1"
"You, too, hate, then ?" I asked. "Of course I hate. For the first time in my life I know what it is to hate; and to do my countrymen. I begin to enjoy my hate. It is one of the privileges of our present existence. We cannot stand on chairs and tables as they do in Berlin cafés and sing our hate, but no one, can stop our hating in secret,"
"WAB IS WAR.”
Whereas outside of Belgium you get egntradictory items of Belgian news, which lead to confusion, once you are in Belgium the German logic of the German methods from the outset of their occupation becomes clear. As one rides about the country the ayatematic destruction of certain groups of houses where there had been sniping is evident in the cold ruins which mark the result of a definite order about a definite location. The Germans insist that theirs was the mercifull way, Krieg ist Krieg! By calculated reprisals and punishment they stopped shipping. If they had bothered with trials and investigations, they say, sniping would have kept up. They may have taken innocent lives and burned the homes of the innocent, they admit, but their defence is that thereby they save many lives of their soldiers and thousands upon thousands of lives of Belgians and pre- vented the feud between the rulers and the ruled from becoming more embittered.
Sniping over, the next step in policy was to keep the population quiet with a minimum of soldiery, which would permit a maximam at the front. Prusian brusque ness was found unnecessarily irritating to. the population. A Belgian would lose his temper and turn desperate, and the Prussian would reply with the bayonet Therefore the elders of the Saxon and Bavarian forces were called in. Thoy were amiable Fathers of families, who would obey orders without taking the law into their own hands. Though rotund, they were good enough for doing sentry go and guarding the roads, while the more vigorous could be put to more strenuous work. For the German staff thinks things well. Krieg ist. Krieg at Louvain, in Diplomacy is diplomacy to-day Belgium,
The occupation is strictly military, It concerns itself with the business of mational suffocation. All the functions of the national government are in German hands. But Belgian policemen guide the street traffic, arrest culprits for ordinary misdemeanours, and take them before Belgian Judges. This concession, which also means
a saving in soldiers, only aggravates to tho Belgian the regulations directed against his freedom.
Whereas refugees departed freely from Louvain in August and from Antwerp in October, because their movement could not be controlled, now Belgians only in excip tional instances may leave their country. They are prisoners in their own land. They may not go from one town to another; they may not use the telephone or the telegraph; they may write letters only through the German military post they may not use their own railroad system as passengers or for parcel trans- port. Belgians seen walking across the fields are hailed by a Landsturm guard. They may walk only in the streets and go to their shops and rifices within the radius of their own communities. The. psychological effect of this is appreciable only after it is endured. One might be quite content for a week within the con- fines of his own house and garden, but the moment a sentry with a hayonet appeared at the gate with word that one could not
But the Belgians re
The rulers cannot understood why the Belgians should not like them. Occasion ally they break out in disgust at the failure of their efforts by declaring that the Belgians are a vile, worthless, tricky people, who ought to be wiped off the face of the earth," as a fitting fate for anyone who cannot appreciate the benefit of going
to the hopper of the wonderful machine of German paternalism.
RIDIOULE” AND HATE,
WAR NEWS.
FOOD FAMINE IN GERMANY.
KAMOB, Norwegian str., 949, Faltmon, 11th March-Hongay 9th March, Coal.-- Chinese Y
Sasaki, 9th March-Mofi 3rd March, Coal-Mitsui Bussan Kaisha..
KLANG PING, Chinese str., 1.222. U. Udden,
14th March Chinkiang 8th March, KonINA MARU, Japanese str., Yamashita,
General-Chinese.
18th March-Nagasaki 13th March, Coal Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, wak LINAN, British str., 1,316, 18th March- Shanghai 12th March, General,-- Butterfield & wire,meng MAUSANG, British str., 1,644, Matthews, 18th March Sandakan 9th March, Timber --Jardine, Matheson & Co. MINNESOTA, American str., 19,323, Garlick, 11th March-Beattle 6th February, General-Nippon Yusen Kaisha. The following extracts from a letter NAMBANG, British str., 2,591, H. E. Gilroy, 19th March-Moji 12th March, Gon- Found on a German prisoner show what era. Jardine, Matheson & Co. the war means to the poor in Germany-PREUHPENT, British | 1,065, W. O
3/1/15-Everything has rison and is
Bird, 12th March-Baigan 7th March, frightfully expensive. The rearing of live
Rice and General. Order. stock is very difficult, as people have been SAINT EGERT, British str. 3,853, G. forced to declare all their stocks of folder.
Aitken, 10th March Manila 18th The same applies to corn and other cereals..
March, General, -Dodwell & Co. SABINE RICKMERS, Dutch str., Schnurman, 17th March-Swatow 16th March, Nil.
Asiatic Petroleum Con SUMATRA, Swedish str., 3,271, A. C. Nord-
We are organising ourselves for a long war. But if it is not over by the spring it will mean rent misery for us.
13/1/15-Here in Germany it is just as if there were a famine. Food is fearfully dear, and the lack of hands is making itself very much felt
If the Belgion he lost to Kuitur it is his own fault, and not for want of systematic instruction. An Englishman or a French man who gets irritated at times with his own national censorship could only imagine how a Belgian feela if everything he had to read about the war were under. the German censorship. Copies of The. Times, though drastically forbidden, do reach Brussels, but are seen only by a fortunate few. In times when the Belgian most wants real news, when he has little to do but wonder what the real news is, in place of his favourite morning and evening edition, now suppressed or published elsewhere, he gets only the news papers established under German auspices, which aim to change the views which he will not change. If he cannot afford Sc.. for a paper, why the German, Austrian, and Turkish bulletin and the German
Eye-Witness with the British Head- wireless news are posted on the walls among the latest verbotens and proclamaquarters in one of his recent lettors tions. About the only time that a Belgian smiles is when he stops to read these bulletins, and he likes to have the German sentry see his smile. Little ones, be good! Here is a new fairy tale "he tells bis neighbours,
Belgium is developing a new humour: a humour at the expense of the Germans, the only kind of humour for which Bel gians have any heart. In their homes they mimic their rulers freely as they please To carry mimicry into the streets means arrest for the elders, but not always for the children. You have heard the story, which is true, of how some gaming put carrota in old bowler hats to represent the spikes of German helmets, and at their leader's command of "On to Paris did a goose-step backwards. There is another which you may have not heard, of a small boy who put on grandfather's spectacles, a pillow under his coat, and a card on his cap, "Officer of the Landsturm." The conquerors had enough sense not to inter fere with the battalion which was taking Paris; but the pseudo-Landsturm officer was chased into a doorway and got a cuff after his placard was taken away from him.
The repeated references to the rise in prices and the scarcity of food-stuffs is significant, for it is a feature which has only recently made its appearance.
says:-
A DRAMATIC INCIDENT.
feld, 14th March-Moji 9th March, Baana-Swedish Trading Co.
TIENTSIN, British str., 1,297, John Cogan,
9th March-Shanghai 5th March, General--Butterfeld & Swire.
TJITARDE, Dutch str., 1,000, 5, N. Bru
man, 17th March Batavia, Bugar.-- Java-China-Japan Lijn.
PASSENGERS. ARRIVED.
Per Prometheus, for Hongkong from Bang kok, Miss Alma Golstein.
Per Singan, from Haiphong, Bishop Lander, Miss and Master Lauder and Mr. Shields.
mond.
Per Halching, from Swatow, etc., Mr. and Mrs. Power, Mr. H, W. Hanking, Mr. T. L Philip, Mr. W. G. Butterfield and Mr. J. W. Dixon.
Pez Susang, from Singapore, etc., Bishop McGray, Miss Sastee, Capt. Thompson, Lieut. Brett, Lieut. Kennedy
It will be remembered that on February L, after recapturing a trench which the Germans had taken from us a few hours before, we gained by successive attacks two posts on the canal bank. As a matter: Per Huichow, from Tientsin, Staff- of fact, one of these had been taken from Sergt. Colbert, Mrs Colbert and 2 us short time before, and was not a children, Mrs. Evans and Mr. H. Drum- German post as stated in the letter of February 2nd. In the first rush on the nearest work one of those unforeseen but dramatic incidents occurred which often imperil even the beet laid schemes, As the storming party was on the point of dashing forward, just at the moment whon delay might have been fatal for it might just have given the enemy, who were much shaken by our artillery fire and Mr. Garratt. time to recover, a man dropped a box of Per Atlantique, from Shanghai, Mr. E. M. hand-grenades, some of which detonated. Mira Carl Crow, Rev. Harris Masterson, Mr. Gull, Mr. A. Macgowan, Mr. T. W. Ashurt, For one instant there was bewilderment. W. Bauckhain, Mr. Happerer; from Kobe, and some hesitation, no one quite know- Mrs. Conoka and Mrs. Vianaga ing what had happened. Fortunately the officer who was leading the storming. party rushed ahead, and his men followed him and carried the enemy's position at the point of the bayonet with very slight loss. After this the Germans were kept on the run. Our supports came up, and, passing through the first line holding the recovered trench, rushed the next post; then the party which had made the original acault advanced through them again and captured the second pert.
Most of the Belgians, wearing the black, yellow, and red, or King Albert's portrait in their buttonholes, pass by the German patrols or the sentries in front of public buildings without seeming to see them. When an order was issued that Belgian colours or the King's portrait should not be displayed, the next day they were as conspicuously for sale in the shops as ever, and many Belgians replied by wear-says- ing a second button with the portrait of
MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY.
32
A correspondent writing to The Times
Reading Professor William James the Queen, a Bavarian, beside that of the Varieties of Religious Experiences," King, or by adding the King's portrait I came across the following quotation to the colours where they had worn only which was taken from Hamon's Psycho- a single emblem. At Mass in Brussels Ilogio du Militaire Professionnel saw an enormous Belgian flag draped on Hamon himself takes it from C.V.B.K. a standard in the centre of a church. "Friedens- und Kriegs-moral der Heere Authority might not tear down the symbol it seems to be a good sample of the. of patriotism when safeguarded by a Kultur which fills the soul of the German religious service.
military staff-Re
A Gerroan officer catering a shop to buy the walls exclaimed: a cigar and finding the King's portrait on
"Don't you know that is forbidden?” "Yes, Monsieur."
Then why do you leave it up (?! -
go to the post-office or to call on a neigh-Because I love my King. Don't you bour across the street, one's own house and love your Kaiser! You wouldn't love hit garden become a gaol.
any the less if he were in trouble, would
THE GERMAN BOYCOTT.
“Live and let live is no device for an army. Contempt for one's own cemrafia, for the troops of the enemy, and, above all force contempt for one's own person, are what war demands of every one. Far butter is it for an army to be too savage, too cruel, too barbarous, than to possess
FORTHCOMING EVENTS.
TO-DAY 4pm-Hongkong General Chamber of Com
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Wednesday, 24th March.
11.-Hongkong Cleb Twenty-Seventh Half Yearly Drawing of 65 Detentares in the Club Honse... Noon-China Sugar Refining Co., Ltd,
Meeting of Shareholders, 12.16.p.n-Luzon Sugar Refining Co., Ltd,
Meeting of Bhareholders. Thunday, 25th March
Noon-China Fira Insurance Co., Ltd.,
Meeting of Shareholders. Wednesday, 31st March --
11 am-Hongkong and Whampos Dock Co.,
Ltd., Meeting of Shareholders. Noo-Hongkong Rope Manufactoring Co.,
Ltd., Meeting of Shareholders. Tuesday, 20th April
Noon Toerangio Rubber Co., Ltd., General Meeting at the Office of Mesare. Lowe, Bingham & Matthews.
Large supplies of MONTSERRAT
too much sentimentality and human rea- Lime Juice have recently been shipped sonableness. If the soldier is to be good
for anything as a soldier, he must be from London. Order a few bottles from exactly the opposite of a reasoning" and pa thinking man. The measure of goodness
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The Belgians are prisoners who shame, The officer took his cigar and left the in him is his possible use in war W Four, storekeeper to-day outwit, and pinprick their gaolers in a ship without farther comment. Be knew and even peace require of the soldier **; kind of warfare more efficacious than that the woman who served him was think- absolute peculiar standards of morality. sniping, in which both sexes and all ages ing. It is your privilege to buy, but as The recruit brings with him common have become expert through a merciless I sell I loathe you ! I loathe you ! What moral notions, which he must seek immeONGKONG HANSARD REPORTE
of the MEETINGS & apprenticeship. Any Belgian, unless he puffing and rushing about for the Land-diately to get rid. For him victory;
The most LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL Lor be a Belgian official, who has dealings or sturm if they had tried to enforce the success, ruust be everything.
No barbaric tendencies in men came to life Senior 1914. Eocial relations with a German is pro- order against flags and buttons! scribed by his class. Should a German sooner would they have cleared the button agaiù in war, and for war's uses they are officer sit down at the same table in a café hole of a Belgian in front than the incommensurably good." or restaurant with a Belgian, the Belgian colours would have appeared in a button- takes another seat. If an officer enters a hole at the rear. If all offenders were tram, women draw back so their garments arrested the gaols of Germany could not will not touch his, as if they would escape hold then.
To me it seems to back up Moltke's statement. The aim of the soldier's life
is destruction and nothing but destruc tion. Result:"Belgium the land that is desolate.
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f133