THE ALLIES' BLOCKADE. MR. BELLOO ON THE PRESENT PHASE.
Mr. Belloc gave a lecture at Queen's Hall on "The Progress of the War during December,"
Before explaining in detail, by tho operations during the last month, Mr Belloc gave his view of the strategy of the war. He postulated, he said, two very important points: The first was that the war in its presont phaeo was essentially a siego of Austria and Germany. It was, on a very large scale, exactly what a containment or siege was, tactically, upon a small scale. It was of the essence of a siege, not that one force completely blockaded its tmeiny and provented him from getting any supplies, but that the enemy was left without com plete liberty of maneuvro. The point of a siego was that one forec had got its enemy within a particular area from which he could not escape. In the pro sont caso they had the paradox that the besiegers were even now less in numbers than the besieged. The numbers of the Allies would grow and continue to grow, while the number of the enemy had very noarly reached its maximum. But so far the Allies were still in a numerical
inferiority,
THE BRITISH REGULAR.
TRIBUTE FROM A GERMAN GENERAL.
LESSONS OF THE WAR.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 1st, 1913.
NEW Yonk, December 22nd, A correspondent of the New York Times writing from the German front in France, has had an interesting conversation with General von Heoringen, Ho says:- General von Heeringen, like all other German Generals with whom I have spoken, did not hesitate to praise his English opponents: On this subject of the English Regulars, the General, accord- 10g to the correspondent, said: The English first-line troops are splendid soldiers experienced and very tough, especially on the defensive. There would be no credit in beating them if they were not.”
The conversation turning on Lord: Kitchener's recruits, the General said significantly
You cannot improvise armies. England cannot hope to accomplish in a few months what it took Germany & hundred years to build up.
Returning to the English Rogalars, General von Boeringen told the following
anecdote:-
with à loud “Hurrah,”
expecting to find the British groggy; but, will you believe it, those tough Seotsmen crawled out of their trenches and actually attempted a counter bayonet charge.
At one point we used a mine-thrower The blockade was not complete. There were large areas of neutral boundary and against one of their tranches. These of sen which gave a certain measure of mortars go off with a frightful noise, supply to the enemy. Further, the most calculated to shake the courage of the important element in any siege the stoutest. After the tenth shot our men restriction of food was not present, for advanced the enemy could foed himself indefinitely and the blockade only irked him as yet in the matter of horses and a few metals In these circumstances, when a minority was holding a majority upon two sides while the other two sides of the square were open o partly open, there was imposed up the containing forces one noeessary and unalterable policy. One of the two fronts must be occupied merely in holding the enomy. The other front must be regarded the marching wing of the battle, retreating when necessary, advancing when possible
$B
a
THE PRESENT TASK OF THE ALLIES
I am proud to say, gentlemen, that I never had the least cause for anxiety of misgiving about it. All our preparations were known to those gentlemen, and I did nothing to interfere with their liberty of reasonable and honest criticism; but they exercised that liberty with a duo sense of responsibility, and you know the result When the war was over they gave me a dinner, and I had great satisfaction in accepting that honour at their hands."
On the night before his departure for France the gallant Field Marshal was interviewed by M. Gaston Dru for The Beho de Paris. Lord Roberts said to M.
In England we want men, many more mon, and if we do not let our people at home know in detail of the life of our soldiers at the front, of their brave fights and gallant deeds, how shall we awake in the soul of our young men the high sentimont of omulation which will strongly contribute to lead them to the recruiting office? What has been done for the London Scottish might to my mind be done with great good result for many of the other units, and I will talk to French about it..
MR. CHURCHILL ON THE RAID.
MOST INSTRUCTIVE AND ENCOURAGING INCIDENT."
THE BABY-KILLERS OF SCARBOROUGH,"
The following letter has been sent by Mr. Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, to the Mayor of Scar- borough:-
Admiralty, S.W., Dec. 20th.
The General is reported to have spoken generously of Sir John French's leadership British had all been sent north, and he but wistfully, as if regretting that the
My dear Mr. Mayor,—I send you a could no longer cross swords with the message of sympathy, not only on my own English Commander-in-Chief. He said account, but on behalf of the Navy, in the the Bavarians had begged to be sent losses Scarborough has sustained. against the English in the north. Ho mourn with you the peaceful inhabitants. did not forget General Joffre, who, he who have been killed or maimed, and
We
SHIPPING IN POFT
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ALDENHAM, British str., 2,410, G. L. Smith, R.N.R., 29th January-Melbourne 12th December, General Gibb, Livingston ASIA MARU, Japanese atr., 1,588, Y. Nishi,
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BOOMBERG, Japanese str., 3.208, K. Kuro sumi, 24th January-Moji 18th Janu ary, Flour and General Nippon
Tusen Kaisha,
Boxing, Russian str., 1,619, G. Boiding,
30th January-Pakhoi 17th January, Rica-Chinese.
neveru, British str., 1,303, J. Speed, 21st January Deli 10th January, Ballast-Butterfold & Swire. CHINHUA British str., 1,351, Finlayson,
29th January-Manila 20th January, General Butterfeld & Swire CuOYSANG, British atr., 1,424, Holmwood,
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said, was “doing his hard job in a credi- particularly the women and children. We table, soldierly fashion, ably seconded by admire the dignity and fortitude with his brilliant junior, General Castelnau. which Scarborough, Whitby, and the In the present phase of the war the task wholly dependent on German offcial share your disappointment that the mis- It appears that German troops are not Hartlepools have confronted outrage. We of the Allies in the west between the Swiss bulletins for news, because, with their field creants escaped unpunished. We await
· mountains and the North Eos was to con tain the enemy. There must come a time wireless installations, they can hear the with patience the opportunity that will when an advance would be ordered; but Eiffel Tower talk. Referring to the health surely come for the moment the task of the Allies in of his troops, General von Heeringen said the West was the dull; necessary, hard it was generally better than in peace times task of holding as many as possible of the except for typhoid He claimed that the eremy. Theirs was the hardest moral duty small typhoid epidemic was quickly of all the duty of waiting under the checked owing to stringent sanitary effectiveness of British naval pressure MONTEAGLE, British str., 3,983, F. L. Davi- TJITAROEM strain. Meanwhile, in the East, in measures and typhoid vaccination.
Generál Poland and upon the Serbian frontiers, the fate of the campaign was now being docided. On the campaign in Poland mainly depended whether the war was to be a very long and wholly destructive business or a comparatively short war and
But viewed in its larger aspect, the incident is one of the most instructive and encouraging that have happened in the war. Nothing proves more plainly the
than the frenzy of hatred aroused against von Heeringen. SAYS theus in the breasts of the enemy. This Germans are learning much from their hatred has already passed the frontiers enemies in the art of warfare-parti of reason. It clouds their vision; it cularly from the English-in how to make darkens their counsels; it convulses their the most of every bit of cover. He does movements not believe there will be much fort build-
MIYAGASAN MARE, Japanese str., 2,310, K. TJILIWONG
Munakata, 25th January-Singapore 17th January, General, Mitsui TJILATJAP
Bussan Kaisha.
Bon, 17th January-Bombay 1st Janu- bay, Nil Canadian Pacific Railway Narrow MARC, Japanese str., 3,480, K.
Hashimoto, 25th January-Shanghai 22nd January, General. Tokyo Kisen Kaisha.
one from which tho civilization for which ing in the future and that the old theory throwing calculation to the winds of NURIA, British str., 5,912, A. B. Garwood,
wo-were fighting might rearize. It must, however, be remembered that in the West the Allies were not only containing the encory, but were preparing a vast reserve against him. The doctrine of the detached resorve was the soul of French strategy. The new Army, and the Territorials in Great Britain were part of the reserve. The British Fleet was part of it. This keeping back of a great reserve irritated civilian opinion and exasperated even military opinion, but if it were hold back until the right moment and then Iaunched the victory would be decisive
IMPORTANCE OF CRACOW AND WARSAW,
There were in the East three theatres of war. Two the East Prussian boundary and Serbia-wore subsidiary. The pri mary field was the ancient kingdom of Poland. Two things were essential to either combatant, and both were Polish towns-Cracow, the ancient and sacred capital of the Poles, and Warsaw, their wealthy and modern capital. The fortress of Cracow in the south blocked the way to Silesia The depot of Warsaw, flanked by its two fortresses of Evangorod and Novo Georgievsk, controlled the railway communications of the Russians. Let the Russians invest and pass Cracow and they would sweep at once into Silesia. Let the Germans possess Warsaw and they would at once make any prolonged and success- ful campaign of the Russians against Germany, if not against Austria, impos sible until Warsaw was recovered.
of trenches has been relegated to the past. Now that artillery plays such an import ant role, the thing is (ho said), not a wide firing fold, but cover and protection against artillery fire, even if you can see to fire for only 50 yards. Fifty is quite enough, and an infantry attack can he stopped in that distance.
He said the French were particularly good at finding cover quickly after they had taken a town, and thus avoided the heavy artillery are of the enemy that always follows such a capture
After relating a couple of personal anecdotes regarding General von Heerin gen, the account of the interview with him ends with this statement by the writer:
Some idea of the position of the Gormans in the West can be gathered from the fact that the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Army had time to smoke and chat with me for something like 10 hours in two days. Let people in America know, said the General, that we are not barbarians; that everything is quiet and in good order with us; and that we are looking forward with calm and energetic confidence to victory."
LATE EARL ROBERTS AND WAR CORRESPONDENTS. Writing in The Daily Citizen, Mr Keighley Snowden recalls an evening passed by the late Earl Roberts with the Cracow, being the door tu Silesia, was Whitefriars Club, when, as the guest of essential to Germany and Austria at this the evening, and discussing the question moment. Just beyond Cracow there lay of War Correspondents," the popular through old Silesis to the left the great Field-Marshal said: highway to Vienna, the Moravian gap
"They have always been my very loyal between the Carpathian and the Bohemian friends, and, on the other hand, I have hills, while to the left lay the high road made a point of taking them as for as to Berlin behind the Oder and the frontier possible into my confidence. In South fortifications. More than that, Silesia Africa our task was exceptionally difficult was the South Lancashire of Prussia. Let beuse there were so many spios. The a Russian Army occupy Silesia and all Boors wore no uniform, and could not be mercantile Gerinany would be struck at distinguished from loyal
citizens.
the heart. Again, on a smaller but very Wherever the British Army moved there intense scale, Silesia represented the great was this difficulty. And, of course, there landed aristocracy, the second material were a great many newspaper correspori- wing of the modern German Empire..
donts with me. I might have sent them Warsaw was essential because there con
away, but I did not think it necessary to verged the railway communications upon do co. I will tell you what I did. I want which any Polish campaign depended. To to make my acknowledgments to those understand what Warsaw meant one must gentlemen for the help they rendered me. see the Vistala-a stream not only broad,
"I called them together and put the bat deep, across which bridges were position before them. You will remember extremely rare. It carried all the me; what it was I pointed out that there chandise and life of its valley. Hold was not only that difficulty, which enabled" Warsaw and no one could hold the line of the enemy to forestall us in every move the Vistula against you. Germany had we had hitherto made, but that the issue made her great bid for Warsaw and had of the war seemed doubtful. We had hitherto failed. Russia had had Cracow reached, some considerable time before, i within a day or two, and had twice been stage at which it began to seon impossible failed This double failure on both sides to advanes. I believed that every English was responsible for the indeterminate man realized the gravity of that situation, character of the Eastern campaign. As to and that they would sea to it to be one in Serbia, her rule was that of the gaddy, a which no journalist, for the sake of giving part enormously useful politically in dis his paper a little more hews than its rivals, turbing the general plan of the enemy. would imperil our operations. I said to Referring to the present situation, Mr. them; Gentlemen, I know there are Belloc added: The Pros, for some reason people who think you cannot be trusted. which I cannot analyse, does not give you They say that an army ought not to be a trus impression of events. It is a great embarrassed by war · correspondents, nity. Russia has fallen back from in especially in South Africa, and now. front of Cracow and has fallen back However, that is not my opinion." soriously during the last fortnight. There “I said: 'I have certain plans about
was a moment when that falling back was which I expect you to say nothing in your critical yet there was not one educated papers or in letters home till you hear man in a thousand in England who knew from nie that it is safe to do so. I have that it was there, let alone that it was decided to tell you generally what they critical. I am inclined to believe that the are, gentlemen, and to put you on your position is now redressed; but, if so, it honour." is only just redressed.
We see a nation of military calculators,
strategists, who have lost their sense of proportion; of schemers, who have ceased to balance loss and gain. Practically the whole fast cruiser force of the German Navy, including some great ships vital to their feet and utterly irreplaceable, has been risked for the passing pleasure of killing as many English people as possibly, irrespective of sex, age, or condition, in the limited time available. To this act. of military and political folly they were impelled by the violence of feelings which could find no other vent
This is very satisfactory, and should confirm us in our courses. Their hate is the measure of their fear. Its senseless expression is the proof of their impotencs and the seal of their dishonour. Whatever. feats of arma the German Navy may here. after perform, the stigma of the baby: killers of Scarborough will brand its officers and men while sailors sail the seas.—Believe me, dear Mr. Mayor, yours faithfully,-WINSTON S. CHURCHILL
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