THE BATTLE OF FLANDERS Human endurance Maa Its limit. Bud
VISIT TO THE FRENCH LINES.
THE FIGHT FOR YPRES
Tho Times Paris correspondent, who has been permitted by the courtesy of the sends a graphic account of the Battle of Government to visit the French lines,
Flandera.
The Germans, foiled before the Marne in their attempt to reach Paris, dotor mined to strike a fresh blow through Their plan was unmasked; cavalry and Flanders at the coast towns of France, marines were hurriedly sent to the north, and for weeks withstood the full fury of the German attack.
November 29th.
In Flanders there is much mud and more glory. Thanks to the courtesy of the French Government, I have been able to ses much of both these features of the battle, the glorious incidents of which are only rivalled by those of the Iliad.
Owing to the exigencies of the military situation, the close of the battle of Flanders, like that of the Aisne, has been unhonoured by any obituary notics. It has faded away unsung, and the success of the Allies against vastly superior forces of the enemy has been in danger of pass ing unrecorded. After a tour along the whole of the front in Belgium, after listening to the reports of Staff officers responsible for the operations, I bave been able to form some idea of the magnitude of that success and of the terrific powers of collective endurance and the magni ficent qualities of individual heroism which have brought it about
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JANUARY 15TH 1915.
denly one of the sleeping oflcers was awakened: he discerned the advancing mass; the weary sailors found the strength to fire; the attack was repulsed.
A SUPREME ACT,
In the morning among the dead in front of the French trenches, was found the driven on by the Germans in front of their body of the captured French sailor, who,
attack, had shvated cut the warning. Behind him there had evidently been a. German soldier instructed to kill him should be utter a word of warning, for the Fronch sailor had died, not through in front, but from an assassin's thrust a bullet from his friends in the tronches from behind.
Who is to say that it is the leaders who inspire their men when one hears of the story of a French private, the proprietor. of a small safe in Paris, a man of peace intent upon small economice, accepting pourboiree with the pleasant thankfulness of his own waiters, who, when the call for volunteers to reconnoitro the opposing trenches is given, steps out and departs upon his mission with the businesslike alacrity he would display in getting a Pernot for in customer, and returns with his body full of death, but with sufficient strength of spirit left to ask for morphine so that he may be able to make his report before dying
That charge was-led by General Moussy VISITORS AT HOTELS. and his corporal, who, like many a hundred other Frenchmen, will be unsung by history because his hervism is no greater than the heroism of a thousand other Frenchmen.
MAGIC OF THE MARSEILLAISE. One instance of this heroism is afforded
Hozaxora Hori
Mr L. A. Adama MP E. S. Abtahám
r
beenderson Athel T.
driven in front of a German night attacks by the story of the Zouave who had captured by the Germans and was being
upon the bridge of the Three Gretchen in the neighbourhood of Ypres. He saw that
his courades in the trenches mistook the
advancing mass, faced as it was with
would be his portion, he shouted out, "For captured Frenchmen, for advancing French troops. God's sake, fire 12 He, together with his Knowing that death
comrades, paid the penalty, but he won the victory.
stance of collective heroism is afforded by His heroism was individual. An in- the advance of the 1st Battaillon d'Afri- que upon the German trenches. The African battalions, "Les Zephires," or Les Joyens," as they are called, axe dis ciplinary battalions. erime in time of peace while serving with Men guilty of the colours are sentenced to terms of ervice with the African battalions, where the discipline is extremely severe and where servico is extremely onerous. They are, as it were, the criminals of the army
This 1st Battaillon was ordered out from THE SECOND PHASE,
Nacelle upon the German trenches. They had to cross the terrible zone of barbed STRUGGLE FOR THE LAST TOWN IN DELGIUM wire. Barbed wire stretched in bewilder
Then, again, take the second phase of ing entanglement upon the level of a flat the battle of Flanders. By this time,ments sunk in vast depressions, the exact
plain of Flanders, barbed wire entangle November 3rd, the heroism of the troops distance and location of which was known under the command of General Grosetti to every German battery within range. At and Admiral Bearc'h had prevailed. the first forest of wire the "Joyeux" Reinforcements had arrived, and the hesitated. They were under fire not only attempt to envelop and crush the Allies' left had failed. The front consisted of a miles in the rear, from the field artillery from the German heavy batteries some six Yet but six weeks straight line from the North Sea at Nicu two miles nearer to them, but also from ago the situation in this theatro of opera-port as far as Bizschoote, and then bulged machine-guns and from rifles in the tions was extremely critical. In a well for 12 kilometres to the cast of Ypres, trenches. The braves; of men will wither thought out attempt to retrieve the defeat falling again into the straight line at under concentrated fire of this description. of the Marne the Gormans poured their Saint Eloi, forces into Flendors and used them with
France wavered for but a second. One The Joyeux" these criminals of of their number started the "Marseillaise" ruthless disregard of loss of life in an forces here were extremely thin. The attempt to turn the Allies' left. Our Belgian Army, worn out by the gallantry with which it had resisted the German invasion, retired from Antwerp incapable of the further great effort required of it, The Allies had practically nothing but two cavalry corps, assisted by portions of the Belgian Army, to oppose to the terrific pressure of the advancing Ger-
The battle of Flanders is as en end. Its close marks, in the opinion of many Staff officers, the termination of the German
offensive in France.
mans,
THE GERMAN PLAN,
The Germans on their side had spared no effort to mass an irresistible force in order to break through the lines to Dun- kirk, and thence on to Calais and Boulogne, so as to cut off the British Army from its direct line of communication with England. In order to overwhelm the defence of the Allies the Germans, at the "beginning of October and November, assembled in this part of Belgium ne less than four cavalry corps and 15 Corps d'Armée under the orders of the Crown Prince of Bavaria, General von Fabeck, General vou Deimling, and the Duke of Wurtemberg, K
This bulge on the Allies' front is difficult to explain from strategic reasons. It was the Belgians which rendered it necessary. rather the sentimon; of the French and of Tpres was the last important town in Belgium left in the hands of the Allies. Both the Belgians and the French troops that is to say, the men themselves--were filled with an intense desire to hold on to this last tangible remnant of Belgium to the very end That the British troops shared this view is shown by the tenacity with which they defended their portion of tho semi-circle. The spirit shown by the Allied troops, by the men in the ranks, was so intense and so admirable, the political reasons so strong.
since it was at. Ypres that the Emperor. William had decided to proclaim the annexation of Belgium-that they over- bore purely strategical considerations.
A FORLORN HOPE.
The military disadvantages of the posi tion occupied by the Allies at this point are obvious if you glance at a map. Clearly nt Bixschoote, to the north of pros and at Saint Elor to the south of Ypres the Germans had an opportunity of cutting through the Allied lines and In order to meet these hordes the extracting, as the pincers of a dentist will British Army was moved from the centre, extract a molar, a very considerable tooth and the armies of General de Castelnau from the defence of the Allies. They very and General Maud'huy were moved up nearly succeeded in this gentle operation. From their positions, an operation which. At one time, indead, they were fighting although carried out by the fleetest means
in the streets of Ypres. Orp German of transport available, by the network of regiment had succeeded in piercing the railways, and by a fleet of motor-online at a small village almost directly buses from Paris, taxi-cabs, and other south of Ypros-at Zillebekes The situa inctor vehicles, required a considerable tion was more than critical inspir time. The task of holding the Germans back while reinforcements were being hurried to the scene fell to the lot of the two cavalry corps, which, advancing as far as Ypres and Roulers, delayed the enemy for four or five weeks.
BRETON HEROIBM.
Further to the north the defence of
Nieuport was undertaken by General Grosetti, that of Dixmuda was under taken by Admiral Ronarc'h, who had under his command 7,000 of these magnificent. Breton Marines whose fame as a corps was firmly established in 1870. For weeks these two divisions held at bay no leas than two Gorman Army Corps. It would be difficult to decide where the heroism which inspired this epic defence originat ed, whether the commanders inspired the men, or the men their leaders.
In the ruined village of Pervysp, while the shells were still whistling overhead or bursting in disconcerting proximity, we were shown the spot opposite the ruined church where General Grosetti sat in an armchair under a perfect rain of shell and encouraged his almost worn-out troops to press on through the flaming and shell- swept village to the line of tronchos beyond. For two hours this smiling. genial, and gigantic General sat thua ex- posed, inspiring his troops with his own calm confidence, exacting from them, as they passed the cheers of homage and of
friendship.
whole battalion caught up the magic ro frain and dashed forward through a rain of lead and iron, Three hundred men. remained to take the trenches: What our cavalry did at Balaclava is repeated day by day by the French infantry, with this difference that it is not only magnificent but it is also war
Allons enfants de la Patrie." •The
NEWSVENDOR V.C.
RESERVIST WHO SHOT SEVEN GERMANS.
DESPERATE VENTURE,
The latest recipient of the Victoris Cross in a Scotsman, Private George Wil. son, 2nd Battalion the Highland Light Infantry, and the official description of the act wihch won him the coveted distine tion reads:
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Mr 1. S. Hunt hostile machine gun, accompanied by only.
Mr J, Buntar one man.
Mr & When the Intter was killed, he
Mrs Wm went on alone, shot the officer and six aca Jackson Al working the gun, which he captured.
Mr D. H. Joves Unofficial descriptions received in Edin Mr J. Joseph burgh show, says the Telegraph's Cor
Mr & Mrs Kraft respondent, the Wilson discovered that Mr & Mrs Lacombe there was a German machine-gun station-Mr & Mrs C. Lauret. ed in a wood, and, apparently on his own initative, he decided to stop its opera tions. In his desperate venture he got the cooperation of a private of the 80th King's Rifles,
General Moussy, who arrived on the spot at the crucial moment, sent off to the rear in search of reinforcement. His cainagsiers scoured the country in vain, Every available man was on the front, fighting already. Finally, as a forlorn hope, General Aussy ordered the corporal in charge of his escort to bring up every man he could, no matter who he might be, and to call for volunteers wherever he SELLING NEWSPAPERS. might run across anybody not actually in the firing line.
They went out alone, and managed to get quite close to the enemy's position, when Wilson's companion was killed.
Undaunted, however, Wilson continued on his perilous mission. One by one he shot the officer and the entire gun team of six soldiers, and then ran in and took possession of the gun and two cases and a half of ammunition.
country-side, and by appealing to every The corporal scoured the immediate
man he met cooks in the birouac, Araty Service Corps men, hewers of word and drawers of water, managed to assemble some 250 soldiers of all arms, but mostly without arms, and paraded them before the General. The ground was broken by bedges by the long lines of pollarded willows and ditches, which arethe. characteristic features of the Flanders landscape and which render the ground extremely unsuitable for cavalry opera tions.
REGIMENT ROUTED BY CAMP FOLLOWERS,
Wilson a few months ago was selling newspapers in the streets of his native city of Edinburgh. He is one of a family of eight orphans, and started life as a newsvendor, finding customers for his papers among the soldiers stationed at the Castle. When a lad he himself enlisted serving for some years, he returned to in the Highland Light Infantry After Edinburgh, and for a time be worked in the coal pits at Niddrie, but got back to his first job new vendor.
on the outbreak of war, with the great The work was proving more lucrative demand for the papers, but a week after the commencement of hostilities he was called up as a reservist for service. His nister, Mrs. Devlin, to whom he has frequently written from the front, is the wife of a driver in the Royal Field Artil wounded in the fighting at Ypres. The lery, and her own brother is now home,
new V.C. hero has himself a brother.
John Wilson, who is fighting with the 2nd Battalion Royal Scots Fusiliers.
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The 85 men composing the General's exort were dismounted, the cuirassiers, their silver helmets with flowing mane, their steel breastplates, their cavalry boots and sabres, prepared to take part in a bayonet charge in which there were prac tically no bayonets. One has to go back, A LEITER FROM THE FRONT if memory serves me right to the retreat In one of his lettera to his sister Private Standing amid,the ruins of that village, of Sir John Moore upon Coraana, to find George Wilson says:-- which, for all human purposes now only even a parallel. Then I believe a pass
Yesterday, you will be surprised to hear, exists upon a map, inspecting the grave was to be held in order to ensure the safety we caught four hens, and I volunteered yard, the very graves of which had been of the retreating armies of England Men
to take them to a farm under fire to cook pened up by the terrifio shells of the
were called out from the ambulance. We are getting shelled with chrap heavy artillery, the church tower, which wagons to defend the pass. By their nel something terrible. I was knocked now leans more obliquely than the tower defensive action they delayed the enemy's blind for about three hours.
Tho Cer of Pisa, watching the destruction of an advance. Much more was required of this man got into the trenches of B Company outlying house by the German shells, it scratch regiment of cooks and camp Saturday night fight, with hands and of my regiment, and they had a proper. seemed incredible that any man could have followers. They were called upon to head. We lost seven, and three wound
PRIVATH RESIDENCH AT THE OUTPORTI, remained for two hours with buildings deliver no less than a counter-attack uponed but the Germans lost thirty, and crumbling to ruins all round him and yet a German regiment flushed with victory, fifty-three prisoners. If we could do that retained the smile of confidence to inspire having already, as it no doubt seemed to every night the war would be over by the
A Comprehensive and Complete Record men to push on to the trenches.
of the thema, victory in their grasp, having after New Year easily. But what leader could fail to have con- infinite struggles at the cost of tremen-
NEWS OF THE FAR EAST fidence in men capable of feats of heroismdous sacrificar pierced the iron hoopt such as those which are the common talk stretched before Ypres, and being on the of every bivouse, of every headquarters point of scoring one of those victories
of the Northern Army Down at Dix-
mude the 7,000 marines of Admiral Bonarch were fighting in treaches up to their waists in water. They were in their element, es General Joffre remarked, and they fought with the superb heroism of the soanan. One night, after day upan day in the trenches, the Germans, driving some half-dozen of their prisoners before them, crept up to the French lines.
The Daily Mail's Dunkirk correspond. ent states that, advancing in the direction
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