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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22ND, 1914.
for their maintenance, which had been previously left to chance. Now the trentment of prisoners of war is regulated by The Hague Convention of 1907 IL lays it down that prisoners of war are in the power of the hostile Government, but not of the individuals or corps which capture then. They must be humanely treated. All their personil belongings. except arms, horsea, and military papers romain their property. They miny be interned in a town, fortrees, camp, or other place, and are bound not hegond certain fixed limits, but they cannot be placed in confinement except as an indispensable measure of safety and which only while the circumstances necessitate the misasure continue to exist.
to go
and POWERFULLY ANTI-The State may emley the labour of prisoners of war other than officers, according to their rank and capacity.. The work shall not be excessive, and shall have no enretion, with the operations of the war. Prisoners may be authorised 10, work for the public service, for private persons, or in their own interest. Work done for the State is to be paid for at rates proportionate to the work of a similar kind executed by soldiers of the national army, or if ther, are no such rates in furer, at rates proportionate to the work executed. When the work is for other branches of the public service or for private persons the conditions are settled in agreement with the military authorities. The wages of the prisoners towards improving their shall go position, and the balance shall be paid them on their release, deductions on account of maintenance excepted. It is also provided by the Convention that the into whose hands the Government prisoners of war bave fallen is charged In default of with their maintenance, special agreement between the belli- gerents, prisoners of war shall be treated as regards rations, quarters, and clothing on the same footing as the troops of the Government which captured them. Prisoners of war shall be subject to the law and regulations in force in the army, any act of insubordination justifying the adoption towards them of such measures of severity, as many be considered necessary. Escaped prisoners who are retaken before being able to rejoin their own army, or before leaving the territory occupied by the army that captured them,
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CHEMISTS, DRUGGISTS AND are liable to disciplinary punishment,
PERFUMERS.
BY APPOINTMENT TO HIS EXCELLENCT
THE GOVERNOR.
118
NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS:
OSLE communications, relating to the new column should be addressed to Tur EDITOR.
Correspondents must forward their names and addresses with communica tions addressed to the Editor, not for publication but as evidence of good faith.
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KIRTH. LACHLAN-AL Focrhow, on September 20th, to Mr. and Mrs. F. P. LACHLAN, a daughter.
[1762
HONGKONG OFFICE: 10A, Des VEUX ROAD C. LONDON OFFIOD: 131, FLEET STREET, EC.
The Daily Press.
But prisoners who, after succeeding in escaping, ar again taken prisoners, are not liable to punishment on account of their previous escape. Every prisoner of war is bound to give, if asked, his true name and rank, and if he fails to do so he is liable to have the advantages given to prisoners of his class curtailed. Prisoners may be set at liberty on parole if the laws of their entry allow it, and in such cases: they are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil their engagements. No prisoner of war may be compelled to accept his liberty on parole. Nor is a hostile Government ubliged to set anyone at liberty on parúše.
23 any
Newspaper correspondents, settlers, and contractors who fall into the enemy's hands are entitled to be treated ps prisoners of war if they hold a certificate from the authoritics of the army which they accompany. A bureau of informa tion relative to prisoners of war is to be instituted at the cominencement of hostilities in each of the belligerent State, and, when necessary, in neutral countries which have received belligerents into their territory. The business of this Bureau is to reply to all inquiries about prisoners, to receive from the various services concerned full informa tion respecting internments, transfers, releases on parole, exchanges, escapes, adivissions into hospital, deaths, 04 well
other information necessary for it to make out and keep up to date an individual return of each prisoner of a The Bureau must also state in this return the regimental number, name, age, place of origin, rank, In view of the thousands of prisoners wounds, date and place of capture, in- now in the hands of the combatants. al few remarks on the modern treatment of ternment, wounding, and death, ua well -prisoners of war may not be without as collect all valuables, letters, etc., found on the field of battle or on prisoners. We interest. The earliest praction was to kill all prisoners. A relaxation of this have just been told in the telegrams that extreme severity took the form of making the belligerent Powers have exchanged prisoners slaves, a practice which died lists of their prisoners, and it should pre- out in Europe early in the eighteenth sently be possible to learn exactly to what cemary. At a later date a system of extent each of the armies in the field has ranson and exchange came into vogue. been depleted by captures. For example, by a convention made between England and France in 1750, a Marechal of France and an Admiral of England were valued at sixty common soldiers, who in turn were valued at the equivalent of one pound sterling each,''
HONGKONG, SIFTEMBER 22ND, 1914.
38. 01
A meeting of the Hongkong Sanitary Board takes place to-day.
Dr. Morrison and Eir Richard Dane so that a Merechal or an Admiral could have returned to Peking. bo exchanged for sixty men, or
At a special meeting of the members of alternative for ransom of £60. Later ransom fell into disure and exchange took the Singapore St. Andrew's Society, a its place, and still later a practice grew suggestion previously made that instead up of releasing officers, and sometimes of a ball being held a subscriptior list wen as well, on parole, breach of parole be opened for a war relief fund was entailing death. A still further relaxa unanimously approved. It was also tion of these rules came into force after decided that, in support of the same
the Brussels Conference of 1661, whereby object, arrangements be made for the
bolding of a Burns Concert on January
the Government, in whose power are the prisoners of war, undertook to provide 25th.
THE WAR.
[THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCYĄ
BATTLE OF THE
AISNE.
STRENUOUS FIGHTING IN
BAD WEATHER.
SLOW BUT STEADY PROGRESS MADE BY
THE ALLIES.
LONDON, September 20th. 4.30 p..
The Oficial Press Bureau announces that there is no change in the situation. The weather is very bad. Counter-attacks were delivered. yesterday afternoon and in the night, but were easily repulsed with loss
to the enemy.
6.50 p.m..
A Paris, communiqué issued this afternoon states: ---- The Left Wing has made further slight progress on the right bank
of the Oise.
· division,
The honour of capturing another Standard belongs to an Algerian
All the enemy's attempts, supported by numerous guns, to break our front between Craonne and Rheims, has been repulsed.
The Germans have persisted in firing at Rheims Cathedral which is now afame, The Hills of Brimont, near Rheims, a part of which we had taken, have been re-taken, but we have taken the Grove of Romelle.
In the Centre we have captured the village of Souain, and made-
a thousand prisoners
Our progress on the western slope of the Argonne has been confirmed. The enemy in Lorraine have retired beyond our frontier, and more particularly are evacuating the region of Avrincourt.
The Germans unsuccessfully attempted the offensive in the Vosges against Saint-Dic.
Our progress is slow hero owing to the difficult country, the defensive works and bad weather.
LONDON, September 21st.
2.90 a.
A French official announcement at 11 o'clock in the evening sa The French troops north of the Aisne below Soissons gave some ground before a violent attack delivered by superior forces, but incediately reconquered the positions.
The French conlinne to progress along the right bank of the Oise. The French troops also repulsed all the vigorous attacks of the enemy north of Rheims,
The French attackers made further progress in Argonne, but at last the rains soaked the ground, rendering the movements very difficult. AN ATTEMPT TO TURN THE GERMAN FLANKI
LONDON, 'September 21st. 5.00 8.m,
The Daily Mail Correspondent at Amiens reports that furious fighting is in progress east of Peronne, indicating possibly an attempt to turn the German flank.
A REVOLTING ACT OF VANDALISM.
PROTEST AGAINST THE DESTRUCTION OF THE HISTORIC CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS.
The following Official Circular has been sent by the French Government to its Diplomatic Agents all over the world:
"Without having even the excise of military neussity, the German troops bombarded, systematically and furiously, the Cathedral at Rheims
The famous basilica is now no more than a mass of ruins. "The Government of the French Republic considers it its duty to denounce and hold up to universal indignation. this revolting set of vandalism, for, in setting aflame this historic sanctuary, humanity is robbed of an incomparable part of its artistic inheritance,"
[The Cathedral was the great glory of the metropolitan see of France and was considered to be the most magnificent charch north of the Alps. It was built by Robert de Coucy (1219-41). Nothing was more striking about the exterior than the unity and harmony of the whole, notwithstanding the many statues and other ornaments with which it was profusely embellished. The interior had much resemblance to Westminster Aubey, only it was bolder and simpler, much more so than the exterior. Tho Cathedral of Rheims had been the scene of the consecration of most of the French Monarchs down to Charles X.]
FRANCE PROTESTS TO THE POWERS.
LONDON, September 21st.
France has protested to the Fowers against the bombardment and destruction by the Germans of the Cathedral at Rheims, which was an unique jewel of architecture,
THE
H.M.S
[THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
NAVAL NEWS.
EMDEN" SINKS FIVE BRITISH
SHIPS.
"PEGASUS' " DISABLED BY A GERMAN
CRUISER,
LONDON, September 20th. 10.25 p.m.
The Official Fress Burean announces that the German cruiser Hulen, from the Chinn station, suddenly appeared in the Bay of Bengat on the 10th inst, and enptured six British steamere, five of which were sunk and the sixth was sent to Calcutta with the crews of the vessels."
The Official Press Bureau further announces that the German cruiser Konigshery attacked H.M.S. Pegazus while the latter was anchored at Zanzibar repairing her machinery, completely disabling her.
The Pegasus, which was outranged, lost twenty-five killed and eighty wounded.
BRITISH AUXILIARY CRUISER SINKS A GERMAN MERCHANT CRUISER.
The Official Press Bureau also announces that the British auxiliary cruiser Carmania engaged the German merchant craiser Cap Trafalgar (or Berlin), off the South American coast. The German vessel was capsized and sunk after an action which lasted an hour and three-quarters. A collier rescued the survivors.
The Curtin had nine killed and twenty-six wounded.
LATER-
Reuter's Correspondent at Buenos Aires says it was tho· Gap
The Cop Trafalgar was a Trafalgar that the Carmanin sank.
10,000-ton liner..
new
BRITISH
UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO SINK A
WARSHIP WITH AN INFERNAL MACHINE.
H.M.S. Cumberland reports that a German steamer unsuccessfully attempted to sink H.M.S. Dwarf with an infernal machine. The steamer" was captured.
After this another German steamer rammed the Dwarf, which was. slightly damaged. The assailant herself was wrecked, losing four whitest and ten coloured men, while eight whites and fourteen coloured aro missing.
A German launch carrying explosives was also destroyed,
The German cruiser Emden was attached to the German : China Squadron, and was reported to be at Kiacchaw when the Great Britain declared war against Germany. She is a third-class cruiser of 3,544 tons, built in 1097-8 and carries twelve 4.1-in. guns, four 2.1-in.. and four machine guns. Her speed is given as 25 knots.
The Konigsberg is also a third-class cruiser of similar size. Her armament is ten 4.1-in, cight 2.1-in. and four machine guns. Her speed
is given as 23.3 knots. The Konigsberg is the ship that sank the City of. Winchester a few weeks ago. She seems to have been stationed on the West Coast of Africa.
H.M.S. Pegasus is a third-class cruiser, built in 1897-9, at a cost of £134,919. Her displacement is 2,135 tons and indicated horse power,. 7,000. The ships of her class carry eight 4 in. guns and eleven 3-pr. machine guns. Her complement is 231 officers and crew. The Pegasus is described as "practically obsolete."
H.M.S. Dwarf is a small vessel on special service on the West Coast of Africa.
The auxiliary cruiser Carmanie is a Cunard liner of 19,524 tons, and 18 knots speed, built in 1905.
REAR-ADMIRAL PATEY PROMOTED.
LONDON, September 21st
2.20 &.m.
Rear-Admiral Tatey of the Australian Squadron has been
promote Vice-Admiral
This is doubtless a recognition of the services the Admiral rendered in the occupation of Herbertshahe.]
MR. JOHN REDMOND ON THE DUTY OF IRISHMEN.
LONDON, September 21st,
Mr. John Redmond, reviewing the Volunteers at Wicklow, declared that the war was undertaken in defence of the highest principles of morality and right. Trishmen would be for ever disgraced if they shrank from proving on the battlefield that gallantry which had distinguished the race throughout history.
AN OBJECT LESSON TO THE
BRITISH PEOPLE.
assurances.
the narrow seas over against hier own to be at the command of a great military monarchy, be that monarchy which it The Times in its leading article on the may. We cannot rely in such a matter 5th ult. the day which will be upon undertakings, or obligations, or momentous in the history of all time,"
Would Germany, when she namely, the date when Great Britain had "dispelled our distrust," respect declared war against Germany, wrote them better than she has repected her We have refused to do to-day what Mr. guarantees of Luxemburg and of Belgium Gladstono told us in 1870 honour and Her action at this moment is the clearest conscience forbade as to do. We have object-lesson we could desire of the wisdom refused quietly to stand by and witness and the imperious necessity of our tradi- the perpetration of the direst crime that tional policy. On that policy we have ever stained, the pages of history, and thus now to ad become participators in the sin." We are fighting now to save a Hourishing con-
HEAVY FLOODS AT WEIHSIEN stitutional kingdom which has constantly deserved and enjoyed our friendship
At Weihsien (an important railway against a wrong no independent State could tolerate without the loss of all its point between Tsingtao and Tsinanfu) a most essential liberties. We are going heavy storm has worked great havoc. The into the war that is forced upon us as the raised street called Fungpayu, with shops defenders of the weak and the champions on it, has been carried away by the flood- ing from the rise of the Feilanghuo, of the liberties of Europe. We are drawing the sword in the same causo for which has also broken the railway. Some 300 lives are reported as lost. •At the⋅ which we drew it against Philip II..
American Mission compound, where the against Louis XIV and against Arts and Science College is, the front gata Napolcon. It is the cause of right and to the north, the isolation hospital and honour, but it is also the cause of our own other buildings have been carried away vital and immediate interests. The by the flood. The gatehouse, etc., were in Netherlands and Belgium largely owe eight feet of water, and the people bad their independent existence to the instinct to be rescued by the missionaries launch- we have ever felt and ever acted on that "ing a boat from the top of the slope. on no account whatever can England Eight or more thousand dollars worth of suffer the coasts of the North Sea and of damage is said to have been done.