WAR NEWS.
IN TIME OF WAR.
CONDITIONS IN AN INVADED
Tirue."
COUNTRY.
In January number of The Journal of the Royal United Service Institution was published a Lecture by Colonel W. G. Simpson, 24th Bn. London Regiment, on the Duties of Local Authorities in War Much information was given in the article regarding the conditions which provat in a country invaded by the renty's armies, and some extracts Irous this lecture will not fail at the present moment to be of deep interest to most readers who perhaps are unable to realise what the invasion of a country
really means..
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8г, 1914.
inhabitants must look to arrange the fair the ill-treatment of inhabitants, and able to do transported immediately. If TELEGRAMS.
the strect,
smart
But
may come in in large quantities and be any able-bodied men are still left in the village he should instruct them what menstres to take to extinguish the fires that may break out from shell bursts or otherwise, and that they should remain" quietly in their houses,
nang case in the immediate neighbour- hond of villages-assistance, can be given even while fighting is in progress.
on
THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
AMERICAN GOLF.
THE NEW POPE.
In accordance with a letter, issued by Bishop Pozzuni to the Catholic com munity, a solemn Te Deum was sung at the Roman Catholic Cathedral on Sun- day, followed by Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.
The Bishop's letter was as follows:- While we were still in the midst of our
[frost antoirs CONDUSPONDENT.) CHINA AND MONGOLIA,
PERING, September 6th. Mr. Larson, Adviser to the Chinese Mongolian affairs, Government
Holy Father Pope Pius X. and were con- timing in our supplications for the repus terminates his agreement in view of the affliction on account of the death of our intes of his soul, we received the joyful intelligence that his successor had been cluted in the poreon of Cardinal Giacomi dulla Chiesa, who was Archbishop of Bologna, where he is loved by all as n Prelate who has shown much zeal for the care of soula and a great and serene prudence in the manage- He has ment of the most ilifficult alioirs. assumed the Government of the Church In this under the name of Benedict XV. event sa speedily accomplished, in spite of the fact that the greater part of Europe is distracted by war, we Inust recognise special proof of God's provident care for the interest of His Church. Wo must therefore thank Him for it with all our hearts. For this purpose a solemn Te Deam will be sung, Sacrament, at 5.30 p.m. on Sunday next, the 6th instant, at the Cathedral of the Inmaculate Conception. We invite all the faithful to attend this soleum function as a public act of our gratitude to God. Now while it behoves us to offer Our Holy Father the Hlia homage of our unquestioning submis sion,
Loxnox, September 6th. Quignet has won the American Amateur Golf Clumpionship,
It is to the Local Authorities that the produce them, and in order to prevent distribution of the demands among them injustice to them, the Maire should under take the carrying out of the requisition and for indemnification later on.
So long as the inhabitants remain in such a way as to satisfy the troops and inoffensive, so long is it probable that the distribute it fairly among his people-It occupant soldiers will remain well- is possible that payment may be made hehaved. In 1806 the Prussians were on the spot; and the principle of payment mostly on excellent tering with the Saxon has become recognized as being generally
ft. is customary for armies to look after and countrymen who gave no trouble; best ever by invading ärinies, and German the wounded as far as they can, but there and Bismarck was able to write to his opinion, cynical perhaps, but based may be cases in which the movements are wife after Königgrätze In spite of experience, is that When nothing so hurried that men are left on the field.
wet clothes, damp empty stomachs,
money will still always procure some.. quarters, little sleep, and boots with soles appears to be left, nad even force fails. In such a case the Maire should organize falling off, the soldiers are friendly thing"; for the canny inhabitant will parties for the removal of these to shelter towards everyone. They neither plunder make money when he can in spite of public where they can be property-tended; and result of the Kiahkta Conference. nor burn, but pay when they can." this behaviour is not likely to last if the opinion, which may, perhaps, render it wise to protect him, by a show of com-
If dead are left on the battlefield after inhabitants show hostility, or if the war becomes tiresome. If they prove trouble-pulsion, against the resentment of his some, even in petty ways, they are sure neighbours. If payment is not made the to feel the heavy hand of a soldiery that cast of the requisition will be divided by the troops move away, and if burial has An the Maire generally among the Commune, not already been provided for by the gradually becomes more ferocious.
toy and not allowed to fall heavily on the troops or by requisition of working parties, the Maire should on his own abusive, epithet from window,
There may be a
against any precautions balloon puffed into the enemy's ranks in principal sufferers.
remark, may requisition for men to perform work of initiative organize this service and take arouse terrible retaliation and an unsym- various kinds, and this has to be obeyed stringent
Ait is not convenient for the bodies to be pathetic reply upon complaint to the so long as the work is not of a warlike plunderers of the dead or wounded. If military authorities. You cannot count character against their own troops. apon such forbearance as was shown by demand may be made for guides; for brought to the legal burial-ground, they in large common Farragut when the Mayor and people of hostages, to ride on locomotives, or to should be interred where they lie, either
ensure the delivery of supplies, or for the in single graves or ous round his parlementaire.
identity plate and his valuables, which "he said, "I can't this being considered odious and com wretches are crazy, are on howling maniacs: successor quickly showed the inhabitants derned by jurists; but the Maire should should be carefully recorded, placed in a refuse to detail men for such duty, allow package, and preserved till they can be of the occupied town that he would stand
ing the cuemy to do their own dirty work. Forwarded higher authority. Arms, now the equipment, and ammunition should be The police regulations are
and no nonsense.
instructions concern of the enery, although the Maire collected, stored, may be asked to make them known to the demanded as to their disposal. arc
people, and if the occupation of the territory is lengthy the Maire will proh ably be invited to carry out his usual functions, subject to special conditions. He can then do much to obtain favourable treatment for his area, although even then, if his protests become too loud and insistent, he may be told, as was the Maire of Reims, that it was no use protesting against any order that was riders
AMERICAN SAILORS AND MILITARY POLICE. Before Mr. Wood yesterday Luther
lecture said:-Before we consider what New Orleans surged jearing and dahe good-behaviour of a district, in spite of trenches. Each should be searched for his Brice. U.S.S. Bilmington, was charged followed by Benediction of the Blessed
Culotiol Simpson in the course of his
Local Authorities should do, let us con sider briefly the exceptional circumstances in which they would have to act.
but his
There can be no doubt that in any civilized country, when war is declares,
But beyond mere chefk and offensive even if there is no immediate prospect of
behaviour the crimee for which inha invasia, there will be terrible confusion.
punishment Various conditions will decide whether bitants. will suffer there will be much or little, but almost numerous. To fail to deliver anything always there will be much commercial requisitioned, to guide hadly, to spread panic, involving the disappearance of false news, to destroy railways, tele- capital and credit, the ruin of businesses, graphs, or bridges, to hide arms, to the closing of workshops and industries, recruit for their own forces," to commit the throwing of people out of employ any acts detrimental to the Army," as ment, and an increase in the price of food the Japanese Regulations in Manchuria put it, will entail rendering that large proportion of the comprehensively
And there is no pouple which is only just able to subsist prompt punishment. by its own efforts incapable of doing so crime so ruthlessly chastized as that of any longer. From the administrative taking part in hostilities without being machinery by which the country is a recognized combatant and wearing a governed, to the machinery by which ever distinctive fire emblem to mark the fact each family lives in harmony, all willas is required by the customs of war. A suffer from the general agitation. These levée-ca-masze is only recognized as being horrors will increase with the risk of lawful if the people rise spontaneously actual invasion; and we no more than before a district is actually occupied; others can look forward confidently to and if they have no time to arrange for meting such a catastrophe calmly, for uniforms. not only is our general situation and state of preparedness at any rute no betler than theirs, but our past history bears witness that in such times, along with ane examples of courage and hard working organization, there have been the must pitiful exhibitions of ignorant cowardice and frightened brutality, both on the part of responsible leaders and the nation.
There are two reasons why it is inadvis able to pull pussy's tail: First, because it is not right; and secondly, because cats have claws. And there are two reasons why it is inadvisable to act as a frane tireur: First, because it is not lawful; and secondly, because the punishment is almost invariably death.
Hostages, generally prominent citizens, may be taken to ensure the fulfilment of requisitions or the good behaviour of a neighbourhood; and contributions and burnt by fines may be levied the total in 1870 was enormous-villages may he order; flogging, imprisonment, death by shooting or hanging-even the cruelty of being made to dig their own graves was sometimes inflicted in 1870-such are the punishments for "acts detrimental" to an invader's army; and neither ex nor An observer of the age is spared. occupied territories in 1870 records that the rough rules seemed to be: for
Better a hundred innocent every offence punish someone, the guilty if possible. should suffer than one guilty escape. And when in doubt shoot the prisoner:
In the midst of all this the people will find in many places large bodies of their own troops assembling. In some cases it may be necessary to quarter and feed these by requisition on the inbabitants; and with or without the goodwill of the people requisitions may be made for whatever is necessary to further the for only military operations; material in the shape of vehicles, food, trols, and animals, but also for men to assist in all sorts of ways the German Iaw for instance, includes ment drivers, guides, for building fortifica tions, and damming rivers and harbours. The maintenance of urder comes of the utmost importance. But no country can expect to be without a certain number of dissatisfied and seditious men who, if unchecked, may do great harm by encouraging discontent among those who fer! the first effects of shortage of food; s that the relief of the poor stands ont as not only humane but as a measure of great consequence.
4
To assist their own troops by providing them with everything necessary, and by preventing their efforts being baulked through internal dissension, is obviously the duty of the 'Local Authorities; but in these parts where the enemy at last penetrates, the duty of protecting the people as far as possible from the extra hardships they are likely to suffer is no Jess obvious.
"For
Under these terrible circumstances the people surely have a right to expect expert advice and care from those whom they have elected and who have been appointed as their guardians.
Colonel Simpson went on to say that in France the Local Authorities have the advantage of being in possession of a handbook written by M. Paul Dislere. which by presenting to them their duties
in
a simple and pretty comprehensive form, should be of great assistance, even to the nut very intelligent authorities of After remarking insignificant villages. that there is hardly one of these duties which would not be of equal importance in Great Britain, the lecturer reviewed the instructions, first as regards the duty of the Maire on mobilisation for war, änd then he continues:-
If the Commune happens to be in rear of its own Army, which is engaged with
доро
Don't
with being drunk and disorderly in Queen's Road Central on Saturday night. Defendant admitted being drunk, but said he was trying to get out of some trouble between others of his ship's crew
FL
There were some other ways in which hand Garrison Military Pokec. 1870 the Maires were asked to co-operate. attempted to get out of the way when P.C. Singleton told his Worship that For instance, by sending in reports on somebody tripped him up in the street.
defendant was rather abusive. the movements of hostile troops near them. The reports were to inform as to the the numbers, the route followed, the times of
eye, but be did not know who struck it. arrival and departure, and every detail, Defendant had received a blow in the however trifling, which might assume an
A fine of 810 was imposed. importance when presented to military, even if not to mayoral, eyes. They were sent every day to the Sub-Préfet, who made from them a digest for higher authority.
hesitate,
Save your teeth while-you-can
Reflect that neglected teeth not only cause many diseases and bad digestión, but also spoil the expression of the face. Beauty is made or marred by the teeth.
Decay of the teeth is due to harmful bacteria.
Scrubbing the surface of the teeth with powders or pastes does not thoroughly. cleanse them; and can never under any circumstances preserve the teeth from decay.
Our teeth are not so obliging as to decay only in places where we can conveniently reach them with tooth powders or pastes.
What the teeth and mouth need is the liquid antiseptic dentifrice Odol, which not only purifies and therefore beautifies the mouth, but, being liquid, penetrates the minutest cracks and crevices in and between the teeth, cleansing every part of all the teeth--not merely where they show..
It is the lasting antiseptic effect, peculiar to Odol alone, that gives to daily users of this preparation the absolute assurance that their mouths are permanently protected from the bacteria and fermentation processes which, if not guarded against, inevitably destroy the teeth.
the enemy, it is certain to have a very troubled me. The Provost Marshal will instruck the Maire as to what police measures he is to take for the assistance of the Army, especially as regards the passage of convoys of various kinds through the Commune, and the disposal of isolated men.
Of theer there are
The
Another member of the Wilmington's crew, named Zimmermann, was charged with assaulting W. H. Freeman, of the He As Garrison Military Police. allowed out on bail of $40 after being charged at the Police Station, but failed to appear when the case was called on at the Magistracy-
The Crown Solicitor (Mr. P. M. Hodgson) asked that the bail be. estreated and that a warrant be issued.
His Worship pointed out that the bail money amonated to 240, and asked the Crown Solicitor if justice would not be satisfied if that were estreated.
The Crown Solicitor said that the man ought to bave been before the Court.
A warrant was issued, and later defen- dant appeared in Court, the case being put back for hearing in the afternoon, and the order for estreatment of bail revoked.
Cunner Freeman deposed that about midnight on Saturday he and two other soldiers were patrolling Queen's Rond Central when police whistles were heard from the direction of the Criterion Hotel. They proceeded there, and hearing a row inside witness' two comrades went in. As he was about to follow he received terrific blow behind the ear from an American bluejacket.
After delivering it the sailor, whom he recognised as the defendant, took to his heels. Witness gave chase, and defendunt was captured by two civil police. Defer- dant was the only sailor near when the blow was struck
Police-Sergeant Head deposed that he saw the defendant running away from the Military Police. He joined in the chase. and assisted in arresting him.
must also pray that God may grant of that enlightened wisdom, fortitude and courage which he will need for the discharge him, thus auspicionsly chosen, a full measure
of the duties of his exalted office, as also For all those special gifts which, if necessary to every successor of St. Peter, were never more necessary than they are in the grave circumstances of the present day. Blessing you all in Jesus Christ.
D. POZZONI. Vien Apostolic of Hongkong.
INTIMATIONS
RASH COVERED
BABY'S HEAD
Also on Arm, Elbow, Neck and Face. Walked Floor Night After Night with Her. Used Cuticura Scap and Ointment. Now Quite Clear,
35. Darby St., Ormskirk, Lanes, Eng→→ "When my baby was twenty-three days old she was affected with sares up the right arm
from her little vibow over the moulder blade, up the side of the neck, and her he was covered. It first appeary! Bke a red rask, then 12 broke out Inte spig white bikaters and tixm these bruko aztel started rundlag matior
and formed Into large sores. Baby used w start scratching them and her little fuce would pour blood. The right side all over was a mass of running sores. Also ber head was covered with the same disfigurement. We had to always keep hoth of her hands bandaged up and I have been condled to walk the floor night after night with her. not being able to see her suffering so much. After using three cakes of Cutievra Boap and large tin of Cuticura Olatment we noticed a great change by the sores dry- Ing up. She is quite clear and clean froni any dalgurement at all.
"My elovit girl's head broke out In the same way. Thanks to Cutitura Soap and Ointment she has never had a return of it and she has beautiful head of hair now." (Signed) Mrs. Harah L. Riding, Jan. 17, '14.
Samples Free by Post
Although Cuticusa Boap, and. Oliment are sold throughout the world, à sample of each with 39-p. Skis Book will be seat fr upon request. Addrves post-cani: P. New- bery & Hons, 27, Charterhouse St.. London.
196-16
CALDBECK, MACGREGOR&C®
In his statement, defendant' told the Magistrale that there were three or four Americans at one table, and 40 or 50 In time of peace the law only demands British bluejackets in other parts of the room. One of the bluejackets came across and asked him (defendant) to shake of the Maire that he should attend to the lists of men, horses, and vehicles, and the estimate of the Commune's resources für lands, but he told him to go over with his own people, and there would then be ve a public-spirited mon if he is content with
Commonsense and trouble. Later on he was drinking at the billetting. But he is neither a wise nor patriotism both demand more of him. In bar when a British bluejacket came doing his bare duty.
he has takea such pre- fact he should be sure that in case of and hit hins with his fist. nobilization paratory steps, even to the making out of will enable him to carry out all his the notices which he may have to issue, as important functions without the eon-
as best he could, and on gaining the fusion and delay that a belated start will then. He made his way out of the place Such are the duties of the Maire, in street four or five jumped on him again. be certain tu entail.
Such, in fact, allowing for France.
The soldiers were there in uniform. "I in the working of the differences machinery, are the duties of Local did not know whether they were enemies Authorities in any country, although it or not, or wanted to hit me, and that was
Arthur Elmer Baker, an American, B would be easy to discover others which might present themselves in war time for why I wanted to get into the street.”. immediate action to already harassed officials.
His Worship-I suppose this followed after a general row!
Defendant said there was no row until
It is almost certain that in future, as in the past, commanders of invading armies will try to keep the civilian
It may happen that the enemy's troops regulation quict by soothing proclama appear in the neighbourhood, and utilize fions. It is to their interest that their its resources for quartering and supply task shuld not be made haider by having by requisition. The German Regulations to deal with refractory inhabitants, and
recognize that in the interests of the unless these really intend to take an open troops themselves the inhabitants should part in hostilities it better for them
at they should remain definitely passive. be treated with the greatest consideration, The Rod Prince in 1860 proclaimed: and that they should not be made Ware not at war with the people and, desperate by their misery, as in fact, do Country of Saxony, but only with its our own and the French Regulations, but Courtinent."" The King of Prussia in in the next sentence it is plainly shown 1820I make war against French that consideration is not to be interpreted
so as to mear leniency at the wrong time, certain to be a number, slightly wounded or quite hale, who are either looking for soldiers. not against French citizens." Buller gave out The quarrel England which may lead to hardships for the lus is with the Government, not the trougis; and the voice of their General their units, from which they have Main paple of the Transvaal;" and we may Staff makes it known that any feeling unavoidably become separated, or are
wholeheartedly shirking. ke sure that no civilized army will treat of generosity aroused by the misfortunes should have deserters and stragglers
If there With annecessary brutality inhabitants of the enemy is out of place.' who give them no trouble, although they be leniency, it is obviously calculated brought before him and deal with the ent no more make their lot a pleasant one leniency. Tired men mest be housed and according to his instructions: the seriously
of
Wounded and ill who may be found should then they can change the whole nature
be placed in the care of inhabitants or hungry men zet be fed, without friction war. But no commander will feel it his if possible, if not, with; and no rules nor
sent to a hospital, while The slightly duty to allow his troops to suffer hard-
wounded should also be tended; but as ships for the benefit of the enemy's billetting tables, nor statistical data, nor
in 1870 i was found that many of these inhabitants, aor fail to visit offences the convenience of inhabitants will receive
hi with against
great severity.nure respect than they are worth.
There is some grim humour in the story thought they had done enough and went Bismarck was one roused by what he
stated that he was a wireless operator at considered the falso humanitarianism of of a notice seen in a certain French town home or managed to malinger while som influential personages into saying:after the German troops had merched in under the care of municipal authorities
Once again I will draw your attention Manila. He corroborated defendant's they did not rejoin the Colours as soon as Our first duty of humanity is to think A good lady was in the habit of displaying who were over-kind and slack, and that
to the manner in which in France the one version of what occurred in the hotel, mud of ur own soldiers, and see to it that outside her house the intimation that:
boarders they could, the Maire should remember they are not exposed to unnecessary Madame Bériot receives
circumstances to act as a shepherd to his declared that they had to fight their way drad
the And underneath, the billetting officer's that they are still under military law, and authority, the Maire, is called upon in all inte suffering and shot
which Scents
become a shelter for these discreditabla Hock, as advisor in all dificulties, so that out. He could not say whether defendant bargain"
reasonable cart chalk-mark ran:7 men and 13 should see that his Commune does not
The regular convoys of they shall not transgress the law of their struck the complainant or hot. enough for after all charity begins at horses,"
The Crown Solicitor said that on the To Marstad vid. Goltz the using the weaklings.
HÓF suffer
defendant's own admission he saw the It is likely that in occupied territory the subordinate Local Authorities would resouress of the country by troups on the wounded from the Army way reeland, nor he wanting in inspiration to
the Commune has a grievous hardships that might have been soldiers, and that he thought it very cine of the be invited by the ocenpant, to remain in arch means "sitting at the table of the arters or supplies on their way, and he self-sacrifice and courage,
voluntary aid detachment, warn it to be avoided..
Eren with these instructions to Maires likely that complainant was discharge of their functions, although citizen in whose home they are billetted, should, in case
and investigating his cellar. they cannot be forced to-do so, nor can an oath of
The requisitions of friendly troops may ready to assist them.
If the actual fighting area approaches the French are not satisfied. The Minister Enemy." He did not think there could tay be forced to take allegiance, it only being required of them have already emptied the countryside a that they should agree to do nothing to good deal, but the records of the German the Commune a roster of the Municipal of War is at present engaged in the any doubt but, that defondant struck the price of the occupant, and demands in 1870 show how far-reaching Councillors should be made out, and one dificult task of providing for the feeding throngl them all demands on the inhabi and sweeping the new ones may be. Not of their should be at the Mairie day and of Paris in war time by its Civil, Authori nhabitants to send the women, children. the military-and is organizing an extra tants would be made when it was possible only were necessities taken, such as broad. The Muire should advise theries-the feeding during a siege is ander and old people in a direction which he voluntary force of police and workers for to be done without inconvenience to the boots, cattie, forage, horseshoes, ink, pens, troops. But these demands are likely to printing machinery, socks (these were kufa more grasping nature than these much sought after), tools, tobacco, and will determine, requisitioning vehicles for the various area in war time. It is an the purpose if any remain, and annome example of attention to detail which is of their own ariny, and payment may tut wine, but also luxuries, such as sheets,
to be made if necessary; but nothing be given for goods supplied or work per coffins, looking-glasses, 40.cocks.combs foring what signal he will give for a start worthy of being followed everywhere. fortned, although as far as possible princely lunch table, and a boot jack.
There no law of his country which should be taken in the convoy in the wa
4 telegram received by the American ampensati a would be given later on he the inhabitants own Government. Enforces a Maire to assist the enemy in pro- of household goods, which will have to many case, especially in towns, a money curing these things. It is, however, remain and take their chance. He should Consulate General from the Manils typhoon 137deg. long. E. and 18deg. lat. to both sides, would be denatided instead certain that either he or some other pro- give whatever assistance he can to the Observatory at. 7.45 last night reported minent. inhabitant will be ordered to Army Medical Staff in preparing tem
porary hospitals for the wounded, who moving W
1
contribution, as bring more convenient
of supplies in kind
Freeman.
His Worship-It is quite clear to me Mr. Hodgson said he could not see any reason why the defendant should have that the complainant was struck.
struck the patrol. There might have been a row, but if he went into these houses where a lot of sailors congregated he could not come out striking right and left. His Worship-It is not so serious as if The Crown Solicitor-No, your Wor- the blow were truck in cold blood.
trouble. ship, but it might have led to serious
Defendant was fined $15
(ESTABLISHED 1864)
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