{THROUGH REUTER'S AGENOY]
KING GEORGE AND PRESIDENT POINCARE.
LONDON, August 21st..
à a.m.
The King telegraphed Birthday congratulations to President Poin. cara and expressed his firm conviction that success would attend the arms of the Allies in the great struggle against their common enemy.
President Poincare replied that he shared the King's confidence in the outcome of the war which would be pursued until right and civilisation achieved a definite victory.
THE GOVERNOR-GENERALSHIP OF CANADA,
LONDON, August 21st,
At the request of the Canadian Government, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught will remain as Governor-General of the Dominion during the
war.
THE MONETARY SITUATION,
"Losbos, August 20th.
.4.3 p.m..
The Bank of England return shows:-
Reserve
€ 19,250,000.
Public Deposits-
-13,750,000
Other Deposita,
108,000,000
Other Securities Cin
con-
sequence of discounting pres
moratorium bills)
94,760,000
The proportion of reserves to liabilities is 16.80.
Silver has relapsed to 261. per oz The private discount rate is
more active.
The gold inflax into the Bank of England since the last report has been £1,500,000.
The Bank of France discount rate has been reduced to 5 per cent
BANGKOK AND THE SITUATION.
KING OF 91AM'S COOKS TO YIGHT.
Writing from Bangkok, a correspondent of the Straits Times says:-
Bangkok lies up a kind of backwash, although any one of its 2,000 odd foreign residents will usually disclaim the fact with some indignation. But just now everyone appears to admit it for two reasons--firstly, the lack of war.nows and, secondly, the difficulty of getting away from it.
SINGAPORE TRADERS AND
MARINE INSURANCE.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22nd, 1914.
There was a good deal of discussion among the Singapore merchents, 49 represented by the Singapors Chamber of emergency meeting held on the afternoon Commerce and Exchange, at the of the 11th, at the Exchange Rooms, to consider the position of matters generally, and to resolve thereanent. The question of marine insurance received considerable attention, but all that was.
standing bills should receive credit to that Chinese dealers who pay their the same amount, and also to hold another meeting next week.
Writing in the .C. Daily News of the believed. Appeal was made at once. 14th inst. a correspondent anys
500 A NATIONAL CHARACTERISTIC
Writing recently in the Globe Mr. Ashley Duke says :—
st
first against the Boera, He sees his army visibly awelling, making a brave show, probably in some obscure corner of the field. Later, he thinks, he will occupy the whole area. Those dotted shapes of the outlined cariny must capitulate. And then suddenly he discovers that he It is a commonplace that games reflect can move no further. His 150 or 100 the temperament of the nations or races pieces are. on the board, certainly, but by which they are played; and if athletic half of them are en prite and the games, or sports, generally show remainder enclose a more fraction of national character games of the wits tend territory. to diffuse themselves, like art and liters him in every direction.
Impregnable positions face And thon he ture, over a whole continent. Cricket, begins to learn Go" in earnest, to for example, is undeniably British practise diffuse and subtle atrategy," and Nay English; the game has barely to study the possibilities of action at a penetrated the Celtic fringe, and has been distance. Even so, the expert European acclimatised in the Colonies by English is a novice compared with a Japaneso men, who will even play it on strips of player. a chance
Where the raost brilliant man- descend reluctantly to the plane of this deep, the strategy of "Go" reaches back matting. Chess, on the other hand-to envros of chess are but half a dozen moves article-has become European. It is of to the moment when the first pieces are Eastern origin, certainly, but all the placed far apart upon the board; and important openings and gambits have further, perhaps, into this been discovered by European players, recesses of the Eastern mind. 3. aly monks like old Ruy Lopez, and Altogether unromantic and relentless is adventurous! amateurs like Captain this game, which tests the weakenosses of Evans. To compare the original Indian temperament more than any other, and or Persian game with modern chess is to compare a tessolated mosque with a
goes deeper into pure intellect But it is pleasant to know that ́ ́even the Gothic cathedral, or a Chinese painting Japanese can relax occasionally. Chess with a Rembrandt, or the Arabian Nights players may envy the politeness to profit with the Canterbury, Tales.
by an opponent's false move, and the convention which forbids women to play "Go" on the ground that they are How
WHY RUSSIA IS FIGHTING. checked. That the two principal mem- THE JAPANESE WAR GAME.
bers of the Triple Alliance meant to accept this as a final verdict nobody
The signatures to the bresty of Bucharest were still wet when Germany had taken One of the many predisposing causes her first resolution to demand a milliard of war between neighbouring States- of marks from her people for further friction between the ruling Towers has armament. The "loyal second," also, has done her part. Her armaments, too, have till within recent years been compara been, kept up to the mark, waiting for tively lacking between Russia and Gor that day when the die might be cast, the many. Friendly relations had down from Prussia to the new empire of brought to bear on the Great Judge as to come Balkan case re-opened, and such pressure 1871 as a legacy based on long practice compel a favourable verdict. The day True it is that the Empress Elizabeth's came. The opportunity arose.
Franz personal hatred of Frederick the Great Ferdinand and his charming consert were caused passing cstrangement: true, also, fully murdered. Here was that under Napoleonic pressure there was provided by what seemed to be a st a mock war between Russia and Frussia propitious inte. The Ultimatum to Servis in 1812 Besides, these, one long era of was issued in such a form that no loophole poace forms the main record. The reason of escape was left open. why is obvious: few clashing interests on the one side, much dynastic similarity on the other. Both Governments frankly despotic in their own way; each had need on occasion of the other's support. The division of Poland caused a little friction, but later on became an additional bond. The Crimean war strengthened the attachment. Nor did the war of 1670-1 weaken it. Russia, the wild elephant, walked willingly between the two tame ones, Germany and Austria. It remained for the Berlin Congress of 1878 to make the first serious rift in the long-lasting attachment between Hchonzollerns and the Romanoffs. The latter believed that they had been sold by Bismarck. Prince Gortschakoff, who personally disliked the Iron Chancellor, cultivated that belief, and the result was the beginning, in 1879, of the Austrian Alliance with Germany. Reinsurance
were
And that is why Russia is at war.
REPATRIATING CHINESE
VAGRANTS..
GOVERNMENT ACTION IN THE FEDERATED. MALAY STATES.
to
admirable, too, already.
Arrangements are being made
Chess represents a feudal and medieval repatriate Chinese vagrants, who, as arrested, will be sent to the Depot at
one may almost say a Catholic-order of society. The King and Queen, sup-cunning, enough Port Swettenhamn, and thence shipped ported by sidling bishops, galloping home on the first available opportunity, knights, frm powerful castles, and
The Malay Mail gathers that no special retinue of pawns, engage in a the
action is being taken in the matter, but course, will instead of being sent to that vagrants, as arrested in the ordinary Prison, be shipped back to China,
was tried on various occasions with some success. In the early 'eighties there was & period of friendly understanding amongst the three empires, but this was shattered by the events in Bulgaria in 1888. Then began the Franco-Russian rapprochement fated to grow stronger and yet stronger, till it consolidated into an Alliance impregnable to all Gorman diplomacy.
So far, Governmental influences only have been considered. Things were very otherwise on the popular part. Russia was so backward as compared with her neighbour that while there were savants on one side the border, there were savages on the other. The slower race with its threefold greater population fell into tutelage, and learned to hate its teacher Racial differences added fuel to fire, and growing intelligence has but increased the jealousy. For at least fifty years popular feeling in Russia has been one of antagonism to Germany, so strong at times as to be almost uncontrollable, and at such periods the German Press has not infrequently poured oil on the flames. The latest occasion goes back no farther than about four months ago, when, to work up enthusiasm for the immense war
.3
contest
Bat now imagine, in place of this chequer-board of sixty-four squares, with its formal array of varied pieces, a uniform expans, at first empty, and interlaced in each direction by nineteen straight lines. These lines form squares,
in all; but the picecs-black and and value are to be placed upon their white stones or counters of equal size intersecting points. The scene is that of a battlefield in course of occupation, and the processes of chess are in nearly every respect, reversed. Instead of being gradually weeded out the armies gradually increase to their full comple- ment of strength. In the opening game there is but little close fighting the moves are stealthy and distant. A piece once placed romains stationary. The mobility or even numbers, but upon the power of each army depend not upon
Irre-
which must proceed until one army or the event of a drawn bottle, until both are ather is completely annihilated, or, in the
equally powerless. Here may be noted the conception of ancient warfare, where: THE TEST OF CHARACTER.
nothing but outright victory or defeat. would satisfy the parties. In such n LORD ROSEBERY ON GOOD MANNERS.
game there 18 room för brilliant manœuvres and sacrifices, even for heroic the prizes recently at Epsom College, ofe
Lord Rosebery distributed a number of escapades, Balaclava charges and the which he is president,
Bold hand-to-hand fighting wins the day; but in the thickest turmoil the Lord Rosebery said that the season social distinctions are nicely observed. for distributing prizes had begun, just The King's power and dignity increase as the season for partridge shooting began as his followers diminish. Pawns are on September 1, and for the next 10 days promoted for valour, It is all highly they would see at full length in the romantic, Chess is a noble game, columns of local papers and more obreproducing the finest qualities of the scurely in metropolitan journals that Western mind. sume good man, generally venerable, often a Bishop (laughter), had been engaged in the task of distribution. From the very moment we had consciousness, he said, the world was constantly carving and chiselling at our characters-carving and chiselling sometimes at woods so soft that at woods which split so easily that they they never repaid the trouble, sometimes
times also at fine woods, like old maho- were not worth anything at all; but some gany, which got richer and nobler the elder they got (Cheers.) He firmly be lieved that the years they spent in school were far more important in the formation of character than all the many years they might spend afterwards. The school moments were the supreme moments, the moments which decided whether they were going to be men in the highest sense of Fass through life as atoms There was one way and one way only by which the character of a man at his best showed itself, and that was by his manners. Of course, that was not an infallible way. He had known many excellent people who from shyness had the most execrable man. alone, would have been dragged to removed from the board if they are mera, and who, judged by their manners
Prisoners may be taken and
the block without benefit of clergy, surrounded by a chain of boatile pieces (Laughter.) On the other hand, he had but the space they occupied is not filled known scoundrels with the most charming in it remains the property of the captor. and fascinating manners, given to them One piece is worth more than another by nature for much the same purpose as only by virtue of holding a stronger the web was given to the spider. Many position, and these valuos aro not of those presant were going into the iobla arbitrary, they vary from move to move. profession of medicine, and he did not Bases and lines of communication know of any calling in which manners rarely completed, except under pressure were of such importance. Any of them from the opponent; they are only who had been attended by a doctor must sketched out and indicated. The game is have known' the difference between the process of becoming, not of being. man who came in with an expression Good generalship consists in using the gloomy and austere enough to take the smallest possible force to enclose the heart out of the most courageous patient greatest possible area, and in avoiding and to make him wish to leave this life crowded and violent contests. The best rather than have any further experience defence is a counter-attack at some The actual of it, and the doctor who instinctively distant point of the field. sumed to spread a sunny atmosphere rules to be observed are extremely simple, through the room and a feeling of hope and may be mastered in threw minutes; and encouragement. If the arst kind of but the combinations of pieces in tenable doctor was the best in the world and the and untenable positions, which amount thousand times rather have the third-rate a degree, and have occupied the minds doctor, except, perhaps, for an occasional of mathematicians These, briefly, are consultation: (Laughter.) He had in a few of the points which distinguish the tanded at the end of his speech to make Japanese war-game of "Go" from Chess the offer of a medal to the school, to be and other tactical exercises. voted for by the upper boys, for charactery conduct, and manners. He noticed, how
The lack of news, due chiefly to decided upon was that it was desirable levy in Germany, the Press made a most the word, or whether they were going to inter-relation between its units.
it means will best be understood by the the censorship, is only natural, but what statenient that to-day (August 7th) the -Italians here, many of whom are reservists, do not know what attitude Italy has adopted in the struggle. The news of Germany's declaration of war was received here on the 2nd instant and spread like wildfire. That night there was. a great gathering at the Deutscher Club and they were singing patriotic songi till about a.m. They repeated this for several nights, but on the 5th, upon the arrival of the nows of Britain's declara- tion of war, they were silent. It was the turn of the British Club, usually most staid. sober and "respectable." But the frembers there burst forth into song and The King" and "Marseillaise were autg with great verve and fervour at repeated intervals all night. The first news of Britain's joining in the war was cirentated by telephone by the British Legation, which has since beer besieged with enquirers after news. But beyond the flavas scanty telegrams no news was forthcoming till yesterday when Reuter's service (much delayed) came along.
THE SUEZ CANAL.
CONDITIONS OF USE.
In the present condition of war, it may be of interest to recite the conditions of use of the Suez Canal by the nation's In 1888, at the international conferencs sitting at Constantinople, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Spain, France, Italy. the Netherlands, Russia and Turkey signed the Suez Canal Convention, the purpose of which was to ensure that the Canal should always be free and open in time of war as in time of poace, to every vessel of commerce or without distinction of flag."
of war
violent attack on Russia. Yet, till within recent years, Prince Bulow's dictum held true: there was no nation which stood less in-Russia's way-than-thie German..
gular massed forces are worthless; lines and chains of pieces are of strategical value. The object of the game is not to destroy the enemy, but to enclose terri tory which he will enter at his peril, and so to turn the balance of power against bime
arc
WIRELESS TELEPHONY: An interesting reference to the time, About 50 French residents not far ahead, when wireless telephony. relationship has been based on a succession Becond was only third rate, he would a to laws of strategy, are complicated to
go to Saigon on Tuesday next, others, thehone apparatus, and the company has their retirement from Mukden in 1905 ever, from one of the prizes that his pur-wariare; and this in spite of the fact that
It was Austria who was the enemy Austrin, with her uncontrollable Drang Nach Osten, could not fail to come into collision with the iceberg of the north in its alow drift southwards. Detached masses of that same great icefield were already fast aground in the Balkan peninsula and even within Austria her self. It was Russia's destiny to look after them. A glance through Russian history for the past century or two will reveal one outstanding fact, a bitter antagonism between Turk and Muscovite. Bloody indeed are the pages violent the conficts: extraordinary the results, as they usually are when to racial antipathy religious antagonism is allied. Millions of men still remember the events of 1877-8, the heroic Turkish defence, the tremendous losses around Plevna, the wonderful achievements of Gourko, the dash of Skobeleff, the approach to Con stantinople, and then the end-Russia jockeyed out of the results of her In the meantime the foreign community
victories, Austria in possession of Bosnia, has been thoroughly upset and dis-
From this time onward Russo-Austrian organised. have to go, and these include Bishop for commercial purposes will be possible, of truces. Count Aehrenthal hoped for Perros and several priests, seven of the is made in the report presented by the better times: Count Berchtold worked for legal advisers and members of the com- directors of the Marconi Company to the them. But where national tendencies run mission for the new law code, and about shareholders at the annual meeting. counter to one another, true friendship is half-a-dozen of the King's cooks. Some Rapid progress, says the Board, has been impossible.
It will be seen that they represent the made in the development of wireless tele- Hardly had the Russians completed
difference between modern and ancient doctors, have already departed, and quite a batch go in Singapore to-day. Mean recently introduced a practical and com- before the Kaiser was off on his historic rose had bean anticipated. They must, Go" is much older than Chess.. "Go" while, the Germans and Austrians-some ther important developments are proceed-1st France and -England, but it affected and he should find some other deserving dating from about 2,200 B.C., when it was mercial set for runderate distances. Fur visit to Tangier. The blow was aimed therefore, go on striving to win that prize is indeed the oldest of all known games, forty of the former and six of the lattering, and it is contemplated that apparatus have been hard put to it to get out. One will shortly be available for the trans-
Russia little less. Prince Bulew, who school to which to give the medal discovered, according to the best authori- or in have made for Singapore, while mission of speech
ties, by the Chinese Emperor Shuo. In directed it, claims that its object was to (Laughter and cheers.). others are trying to make Penang, atross
considerable
Chinese manuscripts of 1,000 B.C., it is the Peninsula from Singora, but the
distances. The development of his new uphold treaty rights and treaty sanctity.
mentioned as a game": great antiquity. means of communication should, it is In 1908, on the annexation of Bosnia by majority still remain. No German boats dcclared, add considerably to the earning Austria, and the consequent rupture of
Under the name of Ki it gained go out there are eight lying idle in the powers of the company.
popularity in Chine until about 700 A.D., the treaty rights of all nations interested river as I write the Norwegian and
The Tung Wah Hospital begs to Here it was first played by Royal person- when it was introduced into Japan. in the Berlin Congress, Germany inter- Dutch boats will not take them at any price, and some of them who went down hy lighter to a Japanese steamer lying forty miles away at Kohsichang were refused pas age by her. Just how they will get away they do not know, but possibly some kind-hearted skipper will take them somewhere where they can be Jooked after as prisoners of war. ANTI-GERMAN DEMONSTRATIONS
AT SAIGON.
Just as we are going to press, says the Straits Times of 12th inst, news reaches
us from an authoritative source that at
Saigon on the night of the 6th inst all the German offices and residences there were wrecked, and the German occupants rescued just in time by the military who placed them in the gaol for safekeeping. The offices of Messrs. Speidel & Co., the well-known shipping agents, were among those destroyed.
Owing to the closing of the European tin markets the Siamese Government have taken certain measures to prevent any possibility of the mines ceasing work in Puket, entailing hard hip both to the mine owners and the coelies. The Govern- ment are granting loans to the owners who are depositing tin as security."
over
THE COCAINE-EATER.
TUNG WAH HOSPITAL FLOOD RELIEF FUND.
vened again, to defend-not treaties, but acknowledge with thanks the following ages and Court oficials, later by the
a breach of them. The Kaiser boasted of this action in his "shining armour' speech, and Russia, unprepared for war, acquiesced..
donations to the Flood Relief Fund:
Already acknowledge $140,660 66 aristocracy and the military caste and Tiu Wa Hospital, Bangkok
*102.81 still later (in the 17th century) by a The Residents at Tai Po
264.60 group of scientific.
who founded
Collected by steamer Fat Shan Drug Dealers Guild .....
a Go Academy #ed by the
(7th instalment)
Tai Lai
Theatre
13 donations in smaller amounte
110.50
State This Academy continued until 21.50 1608, by which time the Japanese had 15.00 begun to be interested in European culture, and were, perhaps, a little But 6450 ashamed of endowing a pastime. 50.00 all observers agree that since the end of 5000 the 19th century a reaction has sot in, 4000 chiefly under the influence of Murase 40.00 Shubo, a modern master. Shuho founded 40.00 the first "Go" journal of Japan, which 80.00 has filled the place of the Academy by 20.00 publishing studies, problems, and games 20,00 of importance. Much of Shuho's work 10.00 has become known in Europe through his 10.00 German pupil, Dr. Korschelt, and there 44.00 is already a considerable German litera-
ture on the subject. $141,863.09
INDIAN DOCTOR'S EXPERIENCES.
The rest deals with matters of the Major Duke has a very interesting aerent. German influence at one time account in the Indian Medical Gazette of had completely ousted that of Russia at Mesars. Wo On the characteristics of the cocain eaters Constantinople. Abdul the Damned Kwok who came under his notice when he had reigned, but Marschall von Bieberstein medical charge of the Bombay jail.
Nanaimo, B.C. Ás showing the prevalence of the habit ha Asia Minor maintained her estate upon Mr. Ma Yat Tsun
ruled. Turkey was a German sppanage. Mr. Cheng Wing Ching, mentions that between February 25th,
Messrs. Kwong un.. 1914, and May 1th there were no fewer condition expressed. The Kaiser took a than fifty-five prisoners who acknow Cook's tour to the Holy Land. He Messrs. Hon Lung ledged that they were addicted to the assumed the "protectorate of three Messrs. Kwong On drug. Apparently most coesine-caters hundred millions of Moslems" He Messrs. Les Shanz sooner or later become thieves in order planged the Bagdad Railway, at first to Messrs. Sam Cheong to satisfy their craving, and an instruc ran very close to the southern Russian Messra, Kwong, Hing Lung tive part of Major Duke's article is border, but, after protest, farther south.
Messrs. Kwang Yik Lung devoted to a description of the pleasures In a hundred different ways German Fung Wang Ting of cocaine-eating. It seems that the policy took a path in direct opposition to eater has agreeable hallucinations. He Russian desires centuries old. We deal
It is obviously impossible, without the imagines that he is a rich man, a nawab with facts, not explanations or comments.
help of diagrams, to give an impression with eyes on or & rajah.” He walks along the road. In face of this nothing could prevent that. The losses of the Germans during the disappoints the novice as much as it
even of the elements of "Go, which the ground looking for growth of antagonism which has been so whole of the Franco-Prussian war of delights the expert. At a first glance the money or jewels and picks up stones or palpable a factor in recent relations. other equally valueless articles, which he
1870-71 wore 28,000 dead and 101,000 carries about with him until he comes to with Italy, the express purpose of which French 156,000 dead (17,000 of who died, he finds it incredible that such a pastime In 1909 Russia came to an agreement wounded and disabled, those of the absurd simplicity of the moves reminds
the player of a glorified form of halma his sense. The penalty for these
was to curb the action of Austria under of sickness and wounds, as prisoners in should have exercised the wite of an pleasures of the imagination is that the
the pretence of maintaining the tata German bands), and 143,000 wounded intelligent nation for centuries. He is eater becomes incapable of skilled or continued labour and suffers from various
That, however, was completely and disabled. 20,000 men surrendered to flattered, perhaps, by the ready capture physical effects. The cocaine-eater, how upset by the recent Balkan wars, as a the Germans cr
to the authoritics of ever, does not become noisy or violent result of which Turkey was reduced neutral States. After the surrender of of a piece or two, abandoned by a wily gladly welcome the day when the drug was effectually cut off from Salonika, and army, there were 534,000 French and and the majority of the victims would almost to nothingness in Europe, Austria Paris and the disarmament of Bourbaki's
cannot be purchased or stolen:
the Drang Nach Osten as effectually 838,000 Germans under arma.
дио
Wellington and Waterloo. He marches opponent. He swoops vigorously upon every hostile outpost. He recalls
out in close order, as our redcoats did at.
stealthy
the cup-like depression on the reverse side of the Go-board' to receive the head of any interfering as used in Japan, traditionally intended
gume itself, which make us feel that spectator These are amenities, like the
Europe is still young in wisdom.
Great regret will be felt in Singapore at the news received by mail of the death of Mr. Claude Sugden, one of the best known and highly respected residents of Singapore for over twenty years, says the Singapore Free Press. Mr. Sugden retired to London in 1909, having succced- ad Mr. Andrew Currie in the important and responsible post of manager of the Borneo Company,
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121