ather Jamere &
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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10mm, 1914.
ACTIONS AND REACTIONS IN
CHINA.
Y-THE PRESS.
"It would be difficult," says Lord Ronaldshay, to lay too much stress upon the power of the Press as an agency for the diffusion of the aspirations of the new echool of thought in Chins." None the less it is possible to exaggerate the share of the Press as an active agent in the evolution of the new school of thought in China the Chinese Press, and Young China have been to such an extent simultaneous in their development and are to such a degree bonnd up with cach other that an attempt to decide which has been the cause of the other rather recalle the time-honoused conundrum as to the priority of the hen or the c
Roughly, the Chinese Press may be said to have come into being only in the last decade. The 1903 edition of Things Chinese (Dyer Dally qutes the number of Chinese newspapers as some sixty to
(THE SAME TO-DAY AS IN event, the Chinn Your Book for 1913
1745.
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BOCIAL AND FOLITICAL NOVEL OF
ABSORBING INTEREST,
By CHAS J. HALCOMBE, Formerly of the Imperial Chinese Customs Service, Author of "The Mystic Flowery Land," eta.
EL
shows that nd Shanghai alone there are 43 papers registered as such at the Chinese Post Office, while a partial list for only 20. towns shows a total of 330. By way of contrast with the almost ephemeral growth of the Chinese, Press, China is often credited with having (or with having had, for it is now a thing of the past) the oldest journal in the world iu the shape of the Ching-imo ur Court Gazette (commonly known as the Peking Gazelle, though this name an hardly be used of a paper that has been published, fron Line to time, in half-a-dozen different cities). It was first published in 785 A.D., though it was not printed until the 15th century, and it is only by vory generous interpretation of the word that it can be described as a news- paper. It might be not unfittingly com- pared with the London Gazette, it was instituted originally as a medium for the publication of dicls, and contained also a record of the doings of the Court, of promotions and retirements of officials, and also a low select memorials, and was, of course, strictly an official publication. The first movement towards anything resembling a popular Press in China came with the Tal-p'ing rebellion, when so many other startling innovations were proposed. In a proclamation issued at Nanking in 1800 by the Shield Prince" (perhaps the ablest of the lieutenants of the Tai-p'ing leader), it was announced, inter alia. that the daily Press was to be encouraged, but the subsequent history of the movement does not show that this recomiendation had any far-reaching
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It was not until ten years later that the first Chinese newspaper published in China came into existence. As would naturally I expected, it was at Shanghai that this now venture made its appear- ance out the Shanghai Hsin-pan, as it was called, did not have a long existence. Not so, however, its successor, the Shen the price of a Daily Mail in proportion te, which from the safety of Shanghai to the wages of an English labourer, Hence, it is not surprising that Chinese and, at first, vader the cis of a British journals reckon their circulation in firm, has often shown itself a damaging hundreds rather than in thousands, and (even if sometinica, as in the cast of the that a few tens of thousands" is the Kuo Sung-tao "revelations," an indis criminating) critic of Chinese administra most that even the best-known of the tion and officials, so much so that it early Shanghai papers can lay claim to The proved a thorn in the wide of the Shanghai aumber of copies sold is in no sense, however, a fair index of the extent of Tautai. His efforts to secure its repres the influence exercised by a Chinese sion met with an answer that be little newspaper, for a single copy will be expected: the Central Government was. not slow to perceive the advantages that passed on from hand to hand or studied it might derise from fearless criticism of a group of men, while the phenomenon, its servants from an external source, and known in the West, of newspapers bought Peking refused to take any steps to curb for the sake of the latest football score the activity of the Sher-peo.
or of racing tips is unknown in China: a newspaper is bought in China for the sake of its news, and, in particular, of
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The Bank transaets every description of Banking and Exchange: business, "receives money on Current Account and on Fixed Deposit at rates which may be ascertained on application,
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[21 Hongkong, 3 October, 1913.
THE INDIA,
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small, the official and unofficial news papers of China were all alike promoting THE the enlightenment of the people and bringing to their notice the politicalOM movements that were shaking other parts of the world. It would be interesting to compare the knowledge in this respect of an average inhabitant of some interior city with that which lie would have possessed 20 years ago then, Portugal and furky, for instance, would have been meaningless nimes to him, whereas now there is at least a fair chance of his having heard of the deposition of the sovereign in one and of the so-called con- stitutional
лень is
least as
movement in the other. Thanks to the local newspapers, agniu, the scandal of the gigantic defalcations In spite of the influence of the Treaty
and peculations of Chen Pi, the Presi- port newspapers as represented by the Shca-pao, a native Press was long in its political news, and the statement of dent of the Board of Communications, Mr. Merrill, the Commissioner of Cus was, in 1908, proclaimed in all parts of ecming into being, and its gradualms at Shanghai, that During the the Empire and to all classes in a way development followed the liuos that can be traced in so many of China's modern decade under review the Chinese, so far that would have been incerceivable a few as their education will allow, have years before. The collection and diş- institutions--- vague *nd. extravagant. suggestions by the-la-ping revolu developed into a nation of newspapersemination of tionaries, a period in which the Treaty readers (Decennial Report, 1902-1) is important a part of the duties of the Press as commenting on it, and even if ports and other centres of foreign not unjustified.
The potentialities of the Press in this its activities in this latter respect werd influence served as nurseries for the raforms in their incipient stages, a respect were early recognized, both by limiet, the Chinese Press did service to further flood of favour and promises of Young China and by the ufficial areas the country in the former:
When the movement for the though the supply of news may often universal adoption in the reform days of cracy.
boycott of American goods was bays be in the jouenals of the interior, 1899, followed by the days of repression under the Empress Dowager. The pesi-inaugurated in 1905, one of the first steps it was sufficient to give its readers one tion is once more reversed with the taken for spreading the propaganda was for two new facts, one or two new subjects Empress-Dosager's conversion to reform the founding of subsidized newspapers, of conversation every day, and it would after the lessons of 1900, a conversion and. Rule XXII of the Canton Branch appear to have been especially in this way which was announced to the world in her of the Society for opposing the Exclu- that these newspapers have assisted in Aby bringing about the changes that are Edict of Jamiary 28th. 1961, und rundernsion Treaty" provided that institutions receive official sanction and surplus funds that may be left after the taking place in China.
repeal of the Exclusion Treaty and the Criticism of the manner in which the gradually become welded into the fabric dissolution of this Society shall be Chinese Press executes its functions must of Chinese Bfe, and gain an ever-growing atilized for the establishment of a factory in any case be qualified by the considera influence and importancean influence which had even freer course after the and of a public newspaper to Canton for tion of the fact that the institution is Russo-Japanese War and which has, for the purpose of carrying on the way of still in its infancy, and faults may there BAZI11257 the maltreatment fore be expected in the ordinary comirse the prescot, found its consummation in retaliation the Revolution of 1911.
received by us at the hands of "foreign | of-events to rectify themselves. The news nations, and to increase the prosperity supply, for instance, exhibits two marked failing thera is often a lack of proper of the people of our own land.
The official classes, profiting possibly discrimination between the trivial and by their experience in connection with the important, with the result that the
Shares effected.
GEORGE HOGG, Manager.
Queen's Road, Hongkong, 1st October, 1913
INCORPORATED BY ROTAL CHARTER, 1968,
HED OFFICE LONDON.
$1,200.000 $1,700,000
Paid-up Capital....... Reserve Fund Resorry Liability of Proprietors £1,200,000
FOREIGN EXCHANGE and General Banking business transacted
CURRENT ACCOUNTS opened ond FIXED DEPOSIT received for 1 year or shorter periods at rates which will be quoted on application. [190
A. S. HEWETT,
Acting Manager. Hongkong. 14th April, 1913. [1494
BANK OF TAIWAN, LIMITED. (INCORPORATED BY SPECIAL IMPECIAL CHARTER).
Capitul... Capital Subsorbed (pitiü np) Resurre Fund: ...
THE
SPECIE
YOKOHAN LIMITED.
Authorised Capital...
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Paid-up Capital...
Reserve Fand
HEAD OFFICE TAIPER, FORMOSA.
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8. Des Voeux ROAD. Interest allowed on Current Accounts, Deposits received on terms which may be had on application.
·K. TSUDZURABARA, Manager. Hongkong, 1st May, 1913.-
HONGKONG
[1272
GAND SHANGHAI
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Paid-up Capital. Reservo Fands ----
Sterling
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Cover Or DIDEOTORS.
S. H. DOWELL, Esq.-Chairman. Hon. Mr. D. LANDALE-Deputy Chairman. JA-Plummer, Esq. E. Goetz, Esq.
W. L. Pattenden, Esq. H. A. Sieba, Esq. Hon. Mr. E. Shollim,
CHIET MANAGER: Hongkong-N. J. STAUB.
We have seen the Chines Press in the first two of thesis phases, and it did not fail of its place in the Kang Yu-wei programme of 1809. Kang Yu-wei might
a produet of the the Sher-pro and similar journals, teok columnus are cumbered with masses of indeed be cited as Chinch journalism of the Treaty ports early steps to bring the Press as much insignificant absurdities which receive as prior to his advancement in the Imperial under their control as possible, and the much attention as more weighty matters; favour he was the editor of a Shanghaiberty of the Fress was very limited and again sufficient care is not always Resorre Liability of Proprietors $15,000,000
" Unpleasant and taken to verify the intelligence, and no newspaper entitled: Progress Under under the Empire..
were effort is made to distinguish between his influence the Emperor ordered the objectionable politicul comments establishment in Peking of an official made impossible by the requirement that reliable news and mere unsubstantiated newspaper, the Ties, but this innovational draffs should be submitted to the rumours. The explanation of thioes short- went the way of all reforms when the relies before publication. Besides this, comings is to be found in the absence of Empres-Dowager resumed power: They paper that showed too great any organized machinery for the collec-G. Frieslanil, Esq. Times official newspaper, she said in an tendency towards independent criticism tion of rows for the Press in general, Edict of Septemnar 26th, 1899, is of no was easily suppressed as seditious and while there are few Chinese juurnals that C. B. Gubbay, Esq. C. Landgraf, Esq. benefit to good government and will revolutionary, though the effects of such are sufficiently rich or important to main-P. Holyoak, E. THE VOLUME, which consists or 461 vainly disturb men's minds; let it be suppression were discounted by the case Tain a staff of correspondents throughout with which resurrection, under another the land who would be able to supply Pages, and includes a Sketch Planapolished at once," of historical interest showing the disposi The growth of the Chinese newspaper title and from different premises, and it with authentic news: the result is that tion of the Foross st the battle of Keilia. Press in numerical strength in the few cometimes with the additional safeguard in many cases, especially in the cities of is dedicated to Sir RowenT HART years that have followed the cautious and of a colourable foreign interest, was often the interior, the paper has to be content G.C.M.G., and Dr. A. Rennie.
gradial reform era inaugurated by the effected. Another weapon that the to accept anything in the shape of "copy" Its description of Chiness Social late Empress-Dowager has already been officials still wield for the control of the that comes to hand, without being over- Customs and Superstitions, combined noticed this numerical strength is Press is the granting or withholding particular as to with the insight it gives into politics however, qualified to a large degree by of postal privileges, it will be remem
onditious in China, makes * CHILDEKY
the limited circulation of the majority hered that the Knomingtang paper, the OF FAE CATHAY" an excellent volume for
of Chinese papers. A comparison with China Republican, recently fell under presentation to friends at Home.
the circulation of European and Ameri- the ban in this respect. sike
In addition to the naofficial Press that can journals, it must be further pointed out, is misleading, if taken as a criterion laboured, under these restrictions, most of the influence of the Chiness Press: of the important cities possessed also aut facilities for distribution are almost official paper of some kind, which non-existent in China, and the cire la published the local official notifications, tion of a paper is practically confined to movetuents of oficials, judicial decisions, the town in which it is published. The as well as selected memorials and Ediets, price, again, is aauther obstacle, for a and also items of local and national news daily expenditure of 5 or 10 cash would and, in many cases, Renter's telegrams. be a far more serious drain on the earn- The outcome of all this was that, even if ings of a Chinese coolie than would be their conscious political influence was
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N. J. STABB,
Chief Manager." [15 Hongkong, 9th January, 1914.
Changchun
Dairen (Dalny)
Liao-Yang Epojun
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(Port Arthur) San Francisco
Los Angeles Shanghai
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İNTEREST - ALLOWED ON CURRENT | ACCOUNTS, Deposits received for fixed periods at rates to he obtained on application.
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[464 Hongkong, 30th September, 1413
THE
THE
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Authorised Capital Subscribed
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BANKERS: BANK OF ENGLAND, and
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562,000
415,000
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INTEREST allowed on Current Account at 2 per cent per annum on Daily Balance. and on Fixed Deposits at rates which may be ascertained on application.
A. R. LINTON
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[788
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RE Business of the above Bank is come fatcled by the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION. Rules may be obtained on application.
INTEREST on deposita is allowed on the Minimum Monthly Balances at 33 per cent.
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For the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI
BANKING CORPORATION,
N. J. STABB,
Chief Manager.
Hongkong, 1st July, 1911.
[16