AUTIONS AND REACTIONS IN CHINA
I-FOREIGN RELATIONS-EARLY
DAYS:::
RANDOM REFLECTIONS. No one, I imagine, begrudges H.E. the Governor the four months' leave ho is taking. It is unusual, of course, for á Governor to be going Home on teave after scarcely more than a year'e tenure of the office, but Bir Henry May lás had In the course of his writings. Darwin no Home leave since 1906. It will be often has occasion to refer to the way remembered that he went direct from in which the forces of nature interact and Hongkong to the Fiji Islands when be influence each other in unforeseen ways: was appointed Governor of that Colony, how, for instance, certain flowers ade and he returned to Hongkong direct from a pondent on car, because, the flowers Fiji on his promotion to the Governor-can only be fertilized by the transferonse ship of Hongkong. Though his depar- of their pollen through the agency of ture last Wednesday night took the Colony bumble-bers, which are always in danger somewhat by surprise, it WES Ben- from the depredations of field mice, and erally known that His Excellency had mads every preparation for Icaving as soon as conditions in Canton became
settled, and so he was able to depart the same day as the telegram sanctioning his leave was received from, the Secretary of State.
are indirect protégés of the cat. This doctrine holds equally in the political world, and there is observable there the same interplay of forens, and, on account of its long period of practical stagnation followed by rapid and radical transformations in more modern days, China offers a peculiarly interesting field. for studying the way in which a country is influenced by, and in its ture infltences, the various factors with which it is brought in contact. For the present The Chief all events the culminating point in Chinese polities is the revolution of 19E! and the consequent establishment of the Republic: it will therefore be our purpose to trace the history of such factors and the mariner in which each has contributed of. towards the recent developments Chinese politics, and to endeavour to aseritain in what manner they themselves are being or may be reacted on as the result of these developments,
I learn that it was intended to make the swearing in of the Acting Governor on this occasion a little more picturesque than usual, but. owing to the arrange- wents being hurried in the way they were things went a little awry. Justice was there in his ermine robes, but the mace supplied to the Supreme Court by a generous Government for use on Stato occasions had been entirely forgot ten till the last moment, and then, alas the Keeper of the Keys could not be found to release the bauble from its repatory in the Supreme Court!
One thing proved by the last typhoon is the utility of the red typhoon signals,
Writers on the revolution attribute that Their abolition has frequently been ad- vocated on the ground that they put a event to various proximate causes accord- stop to work in the harbour much soonering to their own predilections-to the than is really necessary; but last week the influence of Education, of the Press, of complaint was that the red signals were Missions, of Foreign Aggression but not put up soon enough! Very often in however much each or all of these may the past there has seemed good reason for have contributed towards the final result, advocating the abolition of the red that result cannot be demonstrated to be siguals, but last week's typhoon was one the direct effect of any particular one which proved how necessary it is that
of them. In considering the gradual they should be retained.
development of the
political changes, all causes, proximate and retante,
The Director of the Observatory has
4.3
awar to the Colony.
hour."
recent
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, AUGUST 25тu, 1913.
Canton that was not brought to a clom until the second war between Great Britain and China.
This meagre list exhausts all the note worthy instances of intercourse between China and Europe up to the close of the Ming dynasty. It has often been urged that China was more open to foreign intercourse before the advent of the Manchus Abbé Hue eutende that it was
EXPLOSION OF AN OIL TANK AT KIUKIANG.
MANAGER AND SERVANT KILLED.
3
irksome affairs. A sulky pationco will not satisfy and you must learn to bo cheerful in enduring. Every business has to be learned, and the learning is not easy. In the course of it you will have snubs and rebukes:
visited China under dynasties previous to the Ching did so on the same footing as if they were visiting another Europeaa country, and, while they were in the
A terrible accident is reported to have country, submitted to its government, occurred at the Asiatic Petroleum Com and that it was on this basis that they pany's premises at Kiukiang, resulting were granted admission to China,
in the death of the manager (Mr. N. D. On these grounds it is, we think, fuir Field) and a Chinese assistent. The twe to conclude that the change of attitude had gone to the top of a kerosene tank ander the Manchus was but a reflection to measure the contents and had replaced of a changed attitude in the Europeans: the manic, when there was a terrific with the European's demand for the explosion. The assistant was killed out- a considered policy with the Manchus, privileges of a Roman citizen there was right and Mr. Field so badly injured that realizing that they were comparatively at ngendered & much are the be died the following day. The cause of the Chinese-the the explosion is a The releaseO niere Bandful with an empire to hold in foreigner who demanded to be tried by ut caugh, fre and there was a great subjection to krep China as their peculiar officers of his own nationality, who danger of the other tanks becoming The claimed that while he was in China he involved, but fifty sailors from H.M.S preserve by excluding foreigners. pioners of the Republic proclaimed the and owed allegiance to his own sovereign, Britomart and Flora went ashore and and who would even call for military extinguished the flames. Mr. Field was a view in his Manifests of January protection from his own government if a member of the Shanghai Marine to whom they do like, who work
so-called sights, were interfered with, Engineers Institute and had been in the was a very different being from the Company's service about three years. 5th, 1912, Dr. San says:
foreigner of former days, who was pre
tu to stand on a Chinese footing for STEAMER'S TRYING EXPERIENCE so long as he was in China. Henze China's changé of attitude.
"The policy of the Manche dynasty has been one of quequivocal seclusion and inyielding tyranny. Beneath it we have bitterly suffered, and we now submit to the free people of the world the reasons justifying the revolution and the inaugura tion of our present Government.
Prior to the usurpation of the Throne by the Mnnels the land was opened to foreign intercourse and religious tolerance existed, as is pridenced by the writings of Marco Polo and the inscription on the Nestorian tablet at Sian-ft.
(To be Continued, I
TRIUMPH OF SANITARY SCIENCE.
THE PANAMA CANAL.
fewer than 30,000 men
CAPTAIN COULD NOT BEE DECKS FOR THREE DAYS.
Tho
My counsel is that you will be wise to cultivate along with your studies a winsone manner. There are many boys who do justice to the development of their mental powers. They discipline themselves they master by degrees the of these there are not a few who, while details and secrets of their business. But they are working hard, utterly neglect the graces. They are, if not actually rude and uncouth, yet by no means agree alle. They carry no sunshine with them. One can have no pleasure in their com pany. Depend upon it, no nmn will very long keep near bina anyone whom he dislikes, and, ΟΠ the ather hand. remember that no one will readily get with them beartily and kindly. I believe that when choices have to be made for promotion they are very often decided by this quality of likeableness.
I cheerfully admit that there is great improvement in this respect, for I can remember the time when people actually deferred to what we call rough diamonds.
INTIMATIONS
We were
We
Many steamers coming from: Calcutta
NO ROUGH DIAMONDS. report having experienced a trying time
These were generally insolent, and un getting through the eyelone which has been blowing there for the past few days, nannerly old fellows who had prospered Sir Bampfylde Fuller contributes to says the Times of Ceylon of July 31st: beyond their merits in life. All sorts of
excuses were made for them. the current number of the Fineteenth Perhaps the vessel whose experience has told that they had hearts of gold. Century an article on his visit to the been the worst is the Strathgarry, which were also told that they had nothing of Dominated by ignorance and selishness Panama Canal which will be read with put into harbour yesterday evening the bear except his skin. But I think the Manchus closed the land to the outer great interest. Although labour saving Speaking to one of our representatives
we have come to the time when the mon world, anal plunged the Chinese people into machinery of the most marvellous descrip to-day, Captain Neill said that his ex- a state of henighted mentality, calolated tion is utilised for the purpose of the periences were the worst in his recoiler who talks like a London cabman of former are tion, and that he had never had the generations is not excused, and thai to net adversely on their natural talents works, no and capabilities, thus committing against employed in the construction of the misfortune to encounter such a heavy people have discovered that the rough humanity and the civilized natious a Canal Of these, 4,000 are Americans, monsoon. After leaving Calcutta he had diamond is usually an old beast. And i erine almost impossible of expiation." who, as Sir Bampfylde Fuller puts it, three very bad days, with high winds do not need to tell you that in this of pomposity, nirs, side, or whatever it A careful examination of the recorded form a superior service, styled gold and ukiuntainous seas, during which he democratic age anything in the nature
in order to avoid racial in-did not see his decks," which were con- employes," instances of intercourse between China plications. The salaries of this class are tinually awash. During this very trying called, is most intolerable, and not to and foreign nations up to the end of the calculated in American dollars while period one of the lifeboats was damaged. be endured."
the remainder are paid in Panama while the progress the weasel made was Ming dynasty scarcely supports this view dollars, the Panama dollar being half the only between two and three knots least of all can the case of Marco Polo value of the American.com. Some of the weather moderated somewhat after this. winds were cited as evidence in its favour, for "silver" employés are Italian and but strong South-West in his day, as under the Manchus, China Spanish invoigrants, but the bulk of them experienced right down to the Basses, from from where there was a strong westerly British subjects The Jamaica and Trinidad. There are also wind up to Colombo. The Strathgarry the voyage. was ruled by an alien conqueror. ruler at that time, Kublai Khan, anst several hundred Hindus on the works, averaged six knots for have been the most powerful monarch in who are chiefly employed on the fortifica- although capable of 9! She brought a unlikely to talk about them." The British the world of his day: "Under Kublai tions, because it is said, they are cargo of coal to Colombo. Khan, the Chinese Empiro became one of coloured labourers with their families the largest of which we have any record constitute the bulk of the population, and in history. It counted as its subjects the the American engineers have consequently heen working with a staff who can claim immense population occupying the vast the protection of the British Minister, territories stretching from the Black Sea Sir Bampfylde Faller states that it was to the shores of the Yellow Sea, and from gratifying to an Englishman to hear on Claude Mallet, the British representative, Northern Mongolin to the frontiers of every side the heartiest tributes to Sir whose energy, tact, and good sense have proved of inestimable value. It appears suspicious of the American authorities, that at the outset the negroes were very which is perhaps not surprising when the history of slavery in the United States is remembered. These men were ready to
Hungary gave little resistance; and the farthest nations of Europe were appalled by the the tempest" (Hallan's Student's fiddle Ages, p.278.) Ben Mare Polo accordingly vane to China fully
would have had, for instance, no reason rulers and to submit to her laws.
are
negroes.
THE DUTCH NAVAL PROPOSALS.
More than a year age, says the 3'aval aud Military Record, the Dutch Government. appointed a commission to report upon the defence of the Dutch East Indies. The result is certainly startling, for the should build wine Dreadnoughts, six commission now reports that Holland torpedo craisers, and a large number of torpedu craft and submarines, the pro- waters and the East. posed fleet to be divided between home learn on what grounds, this division of force is recommended, but probably the reasons will not be published.
We have still to
The cost
This means that the typhoon others were John of Montecorvino, Friar prepared to recognize the greatness of her The success of the Americans in trans: no practical importance, but if Holland'
He
of these, Marco Polo is the best knowi Odoric. St. Francis Xavier (who, however, was never permitted to land, and died in to claim extraterritoriality on the ground 1552 on the Island of San Cian, near that the civilization of China was in too Macao), his successors, Michal Roger and Matteo Ricci, and other Jesuit mission-backward a stele for Europeans to submit to her laws. No doubt the Manchus aries. Portuguese traders had been would have been perfectly prepared to favourably received during the Ming welcome Europeans freely had they come dynasty, and bad had access to the whole
in the nie circumstances and under the Rame conditions as did Marco Polo-had of the coast from Canton to Ningpe, us
well as being permitted to visit Peking, they been prepared to acquiesce in no means uncommon, but in order to Fernando Peres de Andrade being allowed China's superiority and to submit to her to reside at the Court. This free inter-laws in the same way as he did course with the Portuguese lasted, how-
THE PANAMA EXHIBITION.
SHOULD JAPAN PARTICIPATE,
The
In
THE BEST
THE BREWER'S
BREW
GUINNESS'S
WHEEL" BRAND
STOUT.
SOLE AGENTS FOR CHINA:
RUTTONJEE
& SON,
14, QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL..
been abused, invariably happens must be passed in review, when it is seen Annam,” (A Sketch of Chinese History, when typhoons. come dangerously that the one factor that is the prine cause by Dr. Hawkes Pott p.89.) His Que critic who, of all the uthers in foreign intercourse.name was feared in Europe; his father As the Hon. Secretary of the Corin-Missions, newspapers, and education have had carried the victorious Mongol arms thina Yacht Club, ought to have been all played their part, but they themselves into Poland and Hungary, and had better informed on the subject, rushed
are but the effects of the contact of China devastated Moscow. and other cities of trike on the smallest provocation, and of the new fleet would amount to at least ; into print with the contention that the Russia "As they advanced Poland and
rations until the food had been tasted by erable naval outlay for Holland to face The question black signals ought to have heen hoisted cannot be said to have commenced on an
The arises, by what Power is the Dutch colony at the time the red ones were put up. Heppreciable, scale until the end of the 18th
Sir Claude, who has gained the complete on naval armaments.
The scheme also suggests Hindu immigrants, indeed, have such metaced! argued the matter in this way: "The
century. Prior to this period, China had
confidence of the labour force. black signals were hoisted at 10.50 p.m. been visited by a few European travellers:
implicit faith in him that they will reflections upon the futility of building hardly wait to obtain receipts when they minor navies for service in European indicating the typhoon to be within 300
Ideposit money at the British Consulate. waters. At present the Dutch Navy is of miles and the guns fired at 5 n.m. on
forming the Canal Zone from a pestifer is going to build Dreadnoughts, even half Sunday.
ous region into a comparatively healthy a dozen might conceivably turn the scale- travelled 300 miles between 11 p.m. and 5a.m., or, in other words, 50 miles a
area is one of the greatest triumphs of or render her alliance of value. sanitary science. But the cost has been inaintenance of neutrality is supposed to 19 This argument, however, fallacious. The typhoon had not travelled
enormous, and it would be impossible to be the Datch objective, and perhaps it 300 miles between 11 p.m., when the black
Nearly three millions with so powerful" a neighbour on her signals were hoisted, and 5 s.m., when the
deal with a country like India by the is; but can she afford to remain neatral same methods. bombs were fired to indicate that the
measures in the stnall Panama area, and centre of the typhoon was approaching
sterling have been expended in sanitary frontiers the Colony. The centre of the typhoon
that terrible scourge, yellow fever, has did not pass Gap Rock until 11.30 6. m.
been banished entirely from the region. so that when the bombs were fired the
in the rainy season the mosquito is still centre of the typhoon must have been
afford protection from this pest, the While Japan is uncertain in her H. something like 160 miles away from
the question, England, Hongkong Hence the velocity of the
jungle has been cut back from the attitude on Russia Face 50 openly proximity of dwelling houses, surface Germany, and typhoon is shown by the published in- formation to have been nearer 25 than 50
The special reference in Dr. Sun's regularly sterilised by me on the vicis declared their unwillingness to partici miles an hour. And 25 miles an hour
and all houses are provided
with of the pending question between Japan is a very high speed indeed-probably
ever, but a short time: de Andrade e Manifesto to Ser Marco Polo's case and regularly sterilised by means of larvicido, pate in the Panama Exhibition,
Medical ex- and the United States, a sentiment is record speed, for in the minutes sen.. by the Government to the Chamber of brother indulged in piracy and ravaged the specious argument founded thereon mosquito-proof screening.
kept practically clear of mosquitoes in silk exporters to follow the example Commerce a couple of years ago when the the coast round Ningpo and Foochow is our reason for dealing with it in some perience has shown that if houses are gradually gaining ground among raw abolition of the red signals was being The Chinese took reprisals, and massacred detail, but what has been said about it this way and any which manage to enter offered by these European Powers. considered, Mr. Figg observed that typhoons which reach the China Sea. via the Portuguese colony at Ningpo, the might apply equally to the early mission are systematically destroyed, there is the circumstances if the Government They came very little fever, even though pools and does openly declare Japan's intention to aries, Nestorian or Jesuit.
channels are left ansterilised. There are the Bashee and Balingtang Channel, few who escaped fleeing to Macao,
will be sent by the export merchants and ccasionally move at the high speed of
but the melancholy malarial fever, The Spanish colony of the Philippines to propagate their religion, prepared to
the result will practically be the same as 15 miles per hour, and increase greatly
non-participation. in depth during their progress."
brought that aution in contact with Ching accept Chinese rule and to submit to her still many admissions to the hospital for participate in the exhibition, few exhibits authority without insisting on their experience of the defunct French com-
As for the argument that non-partici- sures of protection adopted by the pation will mean a loss to the Japanese This was one of those typhoons that in the early years, but produced no
invoking the secular art. Moreover, Americans the whole staff would be themselves, those in the business state emphasise the need of the wireless station lasting ffect, unless it was to harden in position as citizens of Western Powers or pany proves that were it not for the mea at the Pratas which the Chinese Govern the Chinese any dislike they had conceived wide tolerance in religion has always incapacitated. When a patient suffering from their experiences at Chicago and St.
from malaria is admitted to the hospitul Louis that world exhibitions are ment undertook, several years ago now, for foreigners. The Spaniards treated
been a distinguishing feature of China, he is treated with quinine on heroic lines of much ireportance so far as the silk the Chinese settlers in the Philippines and of her three dominant religions The daily dose of quinine," writes Sir
to the trade being generally very small. Experienes seemingly doesn't count for with great cruelty, and about the begin (Taoism. Buddhism, and Islam) two are Bampfylde Fuller, is seldom less than trade is concerned, the impetus they give! This rule ob forty-five grains, and patients are not Therefore if non-participation in the much in Hongkong where read-making is
foreign importations.
allowed to leave their beds until their exhibition should bring loss to Japanese concerned. The wash of the sen over the ning of the 17th century hunted down
tained, too, under the Manchus, and the temperature has remained normal for silk traders the loss will be insignificant. Praya in the typhoon rendered this rund and slaughtered the whole of them. The why practically impossible for vehicular Dutch settled, first on the Pescadores and Jesuits met with very favourable and five days at least. Complaints of deaf-
of other branches of trade-apua Mail, traffic, but the P.W.D. in repairing the then in Formosa, but the Portuguese were liberal treatment at the hands of K'ang-ness are disregarded; if the patient! The same may be said, in their opinion,
turas of a bine colour he may be damage are adhering to the time-honoured able to prevent any other nution from hai, which continued until their dispute consoled with a dose of Epsom salts. It claimed that by this drastic treatment methods which prove so ineffectual and expensive every time a typhoon occurs. obtaining a commercial foothold on the with the Franciscans and Dominicans Would it not be more economical in the mainland, the only exception being an
with the consequent affront to the the relapses are prevented, which in India and elsewhere probably account long run to pave this road with the tar English mission to whom a charter was Emperor by an appeal from his decision for at least nine attacks out of ten. macadam which during the last year or
to the Pope. Thus even under the Sir Bampfylde observes that it is difficult two has been adopted for certain other granted by Charles L. A small fleet was
out ander une Weddel!; A small sent
Manchus, China was open to missionaries to believe that if these enormous doses of the Mill Hill School un Founders' Day, thoroughfares in the Colony!
British doctors would not have made the piece of the Prays, in front of the Post Portuguese refused to admit it to Macao, missionaries; it was only when they quinine could be safely employed in India Ollee, is so paved, and that is the only
sit sailed up the Canton River, when piece of the Praya which has not seriously
aries-subjects of a foreign Power-that that these, who have had experience of suffered from the wash caused by the
exhibited themselves as foreign mission-discovery. It is safe to say, moreever,
typhoon Verban p
vessels returned the fire, silenced the
In general it quinine will not be anxious to consume obstacles were opposed.
it in wholesale fashion, however much may be said that the few foreigners who they may value it as a drug The London mails of July 30th, forts, and hoisted the English Bag over Siberia, which reached the Colony yester them. The Bogue Forts often came into day afternoon-but will not be delivered prominence during the first half of the till this morning!will have been 19th century, when Great Britain was practically 27 days in transit. Ye continuing on a larger scale the polity
count the distance between
and London by the inaugurated in China by Weddell, and Hongkong Siberian route as 17 days. One grows the whole history of his expedition weary of complaining of these delays in anticipates in pello the course of future- the transit of the mails. For more than
to provide.
Wo
**
the
it was fired on by the Bogue Forts. The
a year now the mail which leaves London attempts to establish relations with China a satisfactory basis. His drastic on a Wednesday, has been reaching the lon
Far East about a week later than the action brought its reward he was granted, mail dispatched on the Friday fallowing the right to trade and assigned a factory The Postal Administrations throughout the Far East have complained again and outside the walls of Canton After con
but no Would it but be rovement has resulted ceding the right, the Chinese officials did effect of an identical letter of protest all in their power to restrict it by tarif from the Far Eastern Chambers and regulations, while at the same time
through diplomatic Commerce channels to the Russian Postal Adminis: a lucrative smuggling trade was carried tration?
rent
RODERIER RANDOM.
on. This one episode exhibits practically overy phase of the long struggle at will comarína the Craigeogower team in
439)
PERTUSSIN.
BRONCHIAL
Is a harmless and efficient remedy against all diseases of the respiratory organs, especially WHOOPING COUCH, CATARRH OF LARYNX, ACUTE AND CHRONIO-
which CATARRH, ASTHMA, &...
has been recognised Also the AFFECTIONS unequalled by the highest authorities. OF THE LUNGS will ↳ greatly relieved by the use of it.
TO BE HAD AT EVERY CHEMIST.
IMPORTERS:
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TIENTSIN AND PEKING.
VOELKEL & SCHROEDER. LTD.,
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not
SOUND ADVICE TO BOYS.
FOYOH DIAMONDS, NOT WANTED Sir W. Robertson Nicoll, in a speech at
What is the most serviceable and at the outset of his career in life 1
Invariably I have come to the same conclusion. The most valuable of all faculties is the faculty of attracting the goodwill of those who are placed in authority over you. The faculty is diffi eult to analyse, but it often seems to make. all the difference between success and failure.
previous gift which a youth can possess
BECAUSE THEY ARE LIKED. These who are winsome seem to rise rapidly, to acquire distinction before it is to late, to win and keep strong friendships simply because they are liked." Do not mistake me.. I do not mean that you will make your way merely by gris. ning. A pleasant manner is not enough.
HOWARD
#
WATCHES.
THE AMERICAN · WATCH
OF FINEST QUALITY AND HIGH PERCISION
ADJUSTED FOR TEMPERATURE AND
POSITIONS.
THE PRICE OF THE HOWARD
WATCH IS FIXED
AT THE FACTORY.
WRITE OF SEND 102 CATÀLDIVE
THE SOLE AGENTS:
You will never be really liked by my CHS. J. GAUPP
ennisser unless you are trustworthy.
enough "Bub trustworthiness is There must be with it cheerfulness, win The tasks set someness, pleasantness. yon must be accepted and carried through with & smiling fact, with an evident If alacrity and interest and goodwill. this is done the work will find acceptance. apd whatever its difficulties may be, they and provoke guderstood will be sympathy. You must leara to be cheer- ful, even in the handling of difficult and
& CO.,
ALEXANDRA BUILDINGS.
CHATER ROAD."