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THE BLOOD ACCUSATION.
[RY LECIEN WOLF IN THE DAILY GRAPHIC."}
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12ra, 1912.
A good many worthy people who only know the so-called "Blood. Accusation. from the legend of Little St. Hugh of Lincoln, $9
Chaucer's recited in "Prioresso's Tale" and sundry old- wives ballads, will be not. a" Jiltle startled this morning to find that the hideous superstition has made its re- appearance in Europe and in formid-
able a shape as to call for a solemn protest signed by all sorts of distinguish
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THE SAME TO-DAY AS IN The facts are, however, more serious than
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might be gathered from this remarkable document, for the Blood Areuaation," although slumbering occasionally, has KIEVAT wholly disappeared from our
Indeed, owing
anti- Samitic agitation of recent years, it has become again T real danger to Judaism, and more particularly to the lives and limba of the hapless Israelites who crowd the Jewries of Eastern Europe, amid an ignorant and fanatical populace to whom all the bogey tales appeal with irresistible fascination. Its particular danger at this moment arises from the fact that in Russia, where it has just been regrafted on a sordid murder case, it has been adopted by the extreme Reactionuries as a convenient." weapon wherewith to assail the Liberal and Radical parties at the coming Dume, elections, those parties being favourable to some measure of Jewish emancipation. For a moment, indeed, even the Govern- ment toyed with this incendiary weapon, and the Blood Accusation was actual
y embodied in the first draft of the indictment prepared for the aforesaid murder trial. Happily wiser counsels prevailed, and the Minister of Justice has now washed his bands of the wicked and dishonouring superstition.
But what is the "Blood Accusation ?"
It is the typical bogey tale applied to the Jews. We may recognise a crude form of it in Fee-fi-fo.fum and his familiar fitany-
I smell the blood of an Englishman. De he alive or be the dead,
I'll grind his bones to make my bread."
Medieval superstition in its most de- lirious moments regarded the Jew a so many Feo-f-fo-fums. Their strange aspect, their mysterious rites, their social isolation, and the Divine curse that was supposed to rest upon them all combined to place them in the category. of uncanny things. · Like all bogies, they had cannibalistic tastes and a special affection for little children. Out of this raw material B theory of human sacrifico was gradually fashioned. It took definite and detailed form from the popular explanations of the quaint ceremonies. of the Jewish Passover Festival, with its queer and aceretly baked unleavened bread and its ritual cups of red wine. The doctrine of the expiatory efficacy of blood synthetised the whole, and thus it came about that the Jews were accused-ns they are now Accused in Kieff-of slaying Christians -proferentially children-in order to as their blood in the Passover service, and more particularly in the prepara- tion of their Paschal bread. The accusa- tion has varied in different countries and at different times, but it has been con- stant in this, that it has always implied ritual murder s an integral part of Jewish teaching.
It is, of course, not my purpose o argue with so obvious an aber ation of human wrong-headedness-in Western Europe, at any rate its inherent extra- vagance carries its own refutation. But
it is interesting to note that the per- sistence of the superstition has been in no way helped by evidence of its truth or by any lack of convincing demonstra- tions, not only of its falsity but of its actual impossibility. In the long_array of judicial cases to which it has given rise, from the twelfth century down to the present day, there is not one in which anything in the shape of legal or moral proof has been adduced. In the great majority of them, indeed, even the common charge of murder has not been substantiated, while in the remainder it was never properly tried. On the other hand, the most remarkable exposures of íta spuriousness' have come, not from Jews, but from Christians themselves. The old German Emporor and the medieval Popes made it the subject of searching inquiries, with the result that it was formally condemned by them. These condemnations are to be found in no fewer than: four Papal Bulls and half a dozen or so Imperial rescriptu signed, among others, by Rudolph of Hapsburg and Charles V. There are also two Imperial Russian Ukases in the sartir sense, while the testimonies of Christian theologians, historians, and scientists are countless. All this, of course, cannot prevail against popular ignorance, but it ought to prevent that popular ignorance from ucquiring any dynamic force. If it does not do so it is because the malice of men who know better and have other ends to serve has become mixed up with it.
In the British protest published this morning, as well as in some of the Con ticental protests, reference is made to the similar accusations which have been brought against Christians as the result of a similar popular credulity and-some- times of a similar demagogic malica. The case of the early Christians under the Roman Empire is, of course, classic. That of the Quakers and the Christian missionaries in China is not so woll known. I have before me as I write a curious German reprint of an English tract containing the charge against the Quakers. It is dated 1657, and in it the Quakers are charged with slaughtering women in order to destroy Original Sin. A full-page illustration of one of these humm sacrifices appears in the
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Enthusiasticum Cause of the Riots in the Yangtaze B WEEKLY PRESS, JULY to DECKESER, (1702). A detailed and most Valley." I strongly recommend both unsavoury account of the Chinese super- these documents to anyone who wishes stition, fully illustrated, was published to probe still farther the trae inwardness at Hankow in 1891 under the title, "The of the Blood Accusation."
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Hongkong, 26th March, 1912
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(616