Page
SUPREME COURT
Monday, 1st April.
IN ORIGINAL JURISDICTION. BEFORE THE Cifer JUSTICE (SI
FRANCUS, PIGGOrr). ̧
A COMPANY. PETITION,
MR. J. O. P. BLAND ON YOUNG CHINA
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, APRIL 2ND, 1918.
A striking and forcible article appears in the National Review On Young China" by Mr. J. O. P. Bland, who makes a vigorous onslaught on the Chinese Be public, in which he has no confidence and for which he predicts disaster.
In considering the present situation in
human nor wise thus to allow these chill ren to play with fire in the house of humanity unless civilsation-accepts the responsibility of restoring order to the Celestial Kingdom" say Kingdom ad- visedly, for the only Chinese Republic.con- ceivable must end, and that quickly, after the manner of the Kilkenny ents
THE PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS.
Article The Republic of China is composed of the Chinese people. the same time it is unquestionably Article 2-The sovereignty of the Chi- true that, even in the minds of the slowness Republic in vested in the people, thinking masses, the Manchits' rule is no
Article The territory of the Chinese
Chinghai
Article 27-Procedures of the Advisory Council shall be decided by its own mem bers
Article 28. The Advisory Council shall be dissolved on the day of the convocation of the National Assembly and its powers shall be exercised by the latter.
CHAPTER IV.--IKE PROVISIONAL PRESIDENT
AND VICE-PRESIDENT.
A patition was presented by the Po On China and its immediate cruses, we should, longer possible. They have been weighed Republic consists of the 28 (1) provinces, Marine Insurance and Godown Company, he says, be careful, imprimis, to avoid in the balance and found wanting. What Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Article 99-The Provisional President
the error, very commonly accepted by the then? Does it follow, as the spokesmen of Press of this country, thus the collapse Young China would have as believe, that of the Manchus and the sudden predomin-there is no possible middle course between auce of the so-called Republican party in the Manchu dynasty and a ready-made China implies a revolution of the Chinese Republic? Herein young Turkey has people, in the usual sense of that word. been for winer in its generation. Because In judging the significance of this crisis, the Manchus have proved themselves unfit
Article 4-The sovereighty of the Chi nese Republic is exercised by the Advisory Council, the Provisional President, the Cabinet and the Judiciary,
Limited, for confirmation by the Court of a resolution passed by the shareholders of the Company approving of the alteration of the articles of the memorandum of association of the Company enabling the Company to carry on the business of fire insuranco in addition to its other busi. with anarchy, it is necessary to realise and Chinese Stato has rested for two thousand public are all'equal, and there shall be no
nessca, and asking the Court to sanction the alteration of the name of the Company to that of the Po On Marino and Fire Insurance and Godown Company, Ltd.
Mr. Slade, K. C., instructed by Mr. Gedge, of Messrs. Johnson, Stokes
tion. He stated that all the preliminary had been taken. The Company was steps in a strong position and the alteration was in the interest of the Company. The asarts were more than enough to pay all liabilities and repay the shareholders.
The petition was granted:
the
CHAPTER II.-CITIZENA.
racial, class or religious distinctions. de Article 6.Citizens shall enjoy the fol- lowing rights:——
(1)The person of the citizens shall not be arrested, imprisoned, tried or punished except in accordance with Law.
and Vice-President shall be elected by the Advisory Council, and he who receives
of over three fourths of the total number two-thirds of the total number of votes
of members, shall be elected. east by a sitting of the Council consisting
Article 30-The Provisional President
the fountam of all executive powers and for promulgating all laws.
represents the Provisional Government as
Article 31.-The Provisional President may issue or catise to be issued orders for the execution of laws and of powers deln gated to him by the law.
Article 12 The Provisional, President (2) The habitations of citizens shall not shall be the commander-in-chief of the be entered or searched except in accordariny and navy of the whole of China,
(3) Citizens shall enjoy the right of the security of their property and the freedom of trade.
(4) Citizens shall have the freedom of speech, of composition, of publication, of assembly and of association.
(6)-Citizens shall have the right of the secrecy of their letters.
(6) Citizens shall have the liberty of residence and removal.
(7)-Citizens shall have the freedom of religion.
to remember that the revolutionary move years be cast aside, as a garment outworn
from ment, as such, is essentially the work of I believe the monarchical principle to be Confucian a small and comparatively unimportant inseparablo
It cannot be too emphatically philosophy, and that the Throne is the class. stated that if this class has now risen to national contre to the Chinese social sudden predominance and power in the system and ancestor worship. To destroy laud, it is because the whole State had it means the uprooting of the ethical and long since become disorganised and moral foundations of the Chinese race Master, appeared in support of the peti. Politically speaking, helpless to resist any It is certain that the vast majority of the ance with law.
organised attack. Amongst the blind the Chinese people have not the faintest idea one-eyed may be kings; but it is certain of the changes which the Republican that Young China's newly ledged politi-system would introduce and that the cians possess neither the education, the notion of a Middle King Kingdom without self-discipline, nor the qualities of cohe the Dragon Throne is entirely beyond the sien requisite to provide the Empire with range of their imagination. Given time, the stable and progressive administration and a Government well chosen and sup- which alone can save it from disruption.ported for the necessary work of education It is equally certain that, so far as the vast and reform, the Chinese people may yet COD- work out their own salvation, but law and masses of the Chinese people are. cerned, they have, and can have at preorder must first be restored, and Young sent, no voice or say in the matter of their China is assuredly unequal to the task. Government. In the great cities and pro- vincial towns of the interior a certain sec- tion of the mercantile classes has come into contact with the opinions and plot tings of the journalists, students, and mili- tary officers who constitute nine-tenths of Young China; these, in so far as they Sin, I have read your article in yester. hold political opinions at all, were at first day's issue on The Hour of Lawlessness," inclined to approve of the revolutionary and I learn from to-day's papers that some movement, on the general ground that any of the organizers of the militant section change must be for the better. But as re- Sovereign could easily be chosen, either rights. of the Women's Franchise League have gards the people (the "stupid ones," as been arrested, presumably under the laws the mandarins call them), the millions
we to doomed to pillage, starvation, and all the of Confucius. Lehe Are dealing with conspiracy. assume that the Government, while deal- unspeakable horrors of Chinese rebellions; ing finnly with a mischievous outburst of Yuan Shih-kai was probably understating angry women, dares not face the far the case where he said that they under graver conspiracy, some of whose leaders, stood nothing of the Republican more
SIR HENRY BLAKE ON THE COAL STRIKE
"THE HOUR OF LAWLESUKERS.
The following letter appeared in The Times of the 8th ult. :-
Foreign intervention and the mainten- ance of the Throne, adde Mr. Bland, pre- sent grave difficulties, no doubt, but they are less than those which threaten China from persistence in this Republicau mad- л056, The Manchus were impossible as autocratic rulers: so be it. But the Chinese intelligents," if firmly handled, would be quite content to accept a con stitutional and limited monarchy, and a
from the descendants of the Mings or those
THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK,
LIMITED.
The following is the report of the
Bank:-
Article 7.-Citizens shall have the right to petition the Parliament.
Article 8-Citizens shall have the right of petitioning the executive officials.
Article 9.--Citizens shall have the right to institute proceedings before the Judici- ary and to receive its trial and judgment. Article 10.-Citizens shall have the right of shing officials in the Administrative Courts for violation of law or against their
Article 11.-Citizens shall have the right of participating in civil examinations.
Article 12.Citizens shall have the right
to vote and to be voted.
Article 13-Citizens shall have the duty to pay taxes according to law.
Article 14.--Citizens shall have the duty
unsuccessful in one of our more, virile ment, and that they would not approve Directors to the shareholders of this to enlist as soldiers according to law.
war upon Colonies, have organized a English liberties more dangerous than any conceivable foreign attack 7
England presents to the world to-day a pitiable spectacle of administrative feebleness. A trembling Government, having passed the Trade Disputes Act, has ween an army organized with the avowed object of striking at the heart of the nation, and, now that the battle is joined, instead of boldly facing the position and dealing firmly with the leaders, reserves them for the blandishments of appeals and conferences. Let us hope that the fiat of South Manchester that England expects even its Government to do its duty may arouse the manhood that must be latent in the most yielding Cabinet,
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
HENRY A. BLAKE. Myrtle Grove, Youghal, March 6.
THE MARINE INSURANCE MARKET.
THE OVER-INSURANCE PROBLEM.
it if they did.
Gentlemen, The Directors submit to you the annexd statement of the liabilities and assets of the Bank, and of the profit and loss account for the half-year ended 31st December, 1911.
Article 15.The rights of citizens as provided in the present Chapter shall be limited or modified by laws provided such limitation or modification shall be deemed fare, for the maintenance of public order necessary for the promotion of public wel- or on account of extradinary exigency.
"GOVERNMENT BY THE NURSERY." Already, in the Councils of the Provin- cial Delegates themselves, in the verna- cular Press and in the attitude of the literati, gentry and merchants, there are
The gross profits of the Bank for the unmistakable signs of grave doubts and fears in regard to the beneßt which the
CHAPTER III.--THE ADVISORY COUNCIL. Article 16-The legislative power of the new régime is to confer. The agricultural past half-year, including Y1,183,397.54 amount to Y11,589,722,46, of which population, the "stupid people," remain, brought forward from last account, in the Diass, apathetic and inarticulate;
Article 17-The Advisory Council shall they neither understand nor desire the 8,254,596,21 have been deducted for Chinese Republic is exercised by the Ad- kind of executive government to which we interests, taxes, current expenses, rebate visory Council. Europeans are accustomed, and so far as on bills current; bad and doubtful debts, their unorganised means of resistance and bonus for officers and clerks, etc., leaving be composed of members elected by the Article 18.-The Provinces, Inner and force of inertia permit, they will assuredly balanco of Y3,885,136,25 for appropria-several districts as provided in Article 18. that Outer Mongolia, and Tibet shall each elect continue to resist, under monarchy or Re-tion. public-any-government which attempts 350,000.00 be added to the reserve fund, and depute five members to the Advisory to change their ancient ways and means
Council and Chinghai shall elect one mem
The election districts and methods of ber elections shall be decided by the localities concerned.
The Directors nów propose
VISCOUNT YATARO MISHINA, Chairman.
During the meeting of the Advisory Council each member shall have one vote.
Article 19-The Advisory Council shall have the following powers —
Head Office, Yokohama, 9th March, 1912.
(1)-To pass all law bills. BALANCE SHEET.
(2) The pass the budgets of the Pro- Y. 30,000,000.00
17,150,000.00 visional Government.
(3)-To pass laws of taxation, of cur- - 364.832.60-
7,001,828.87 rency and of weights and measures for
the whole country. 141,840,082.84
Capital (paid up)...... Reserve Fund Reserve for Doubtful Debts - Notes in Circulation Deposits (Current, Fixed,
&c.) Bills Payable, Bills Re- discounted, Acceptances, and other sums due by the Bank Dividends Unclaimed Amount brought forward
from last Account Net Proft for the past
Half-Cear
108,097,788.80 6,820.52
1,193,327.84
2,091,808.41
Y308,652,496.58
of living. They are accustomed to bad and recommend a dividend at the rate of government and bad officials; but they twelve per cept., per annum, which will have also been accustomed, from time in-absorb Y1,740,000.00.
The balance, Y1,196,138.25, will be mémorial, to indicate by sudden and violent measures the breaking-point of carried forward to the credit of next their submission to tyranneus abuses. account. Manchus or Mings, Germans or British, may be their titular rulers, and so long as the breaking-point is not reached the Chinese people will continue on its ac- customed way. They accept therefore Underwriters yesterday, says the Times Young China for the moment, these queue less students and these khaki-clad sol of the 8th ult, read with keen interest the report of the question and answer in the diers, as they accepted the Manchus long House of Lords respecting the loss of ago as they accept the British in Hong- over-insured vessels, and undoubtedly a kong and the Japanese in Manchuria great majority is in complete sympathy stolidly enough, but with due reservation. with the view of the Board of Trade that They are prepared to acquiesce in a new legislation at the moment is undesirable, dispensation which promises remission of In numerous articles that have appeared taxes and the greater glory of the Flowery in The Times during the past few years Kingdom, but already they begin to have various aspects of the over-insurance ques- their doubts as to the benevolence of a tion have been discussed, and no one with régime which permits rowdy students to any acquaintance with the subiect could dock the peasant of his queue at the city deny its extreme complexity. But diffi- gates, to interfere with religious core- monies, to change the feasts and seasons cult as it was a year ago, it is far more obscure now, and for thie 'reason. Much of the moon, and generally to imitate the depends upon the "proper" valuation to customs of the foreign devil, while, at the be placed on a vessel the view of the same time, life and property become daily owner may in certain cases quite rightly less secure and demands of all sorts are not coincide with that of the underwriter made, on patriotic grounds, for the filling --and during the past 15 months all of the Republican war-cheat. The Man- values, in consequence of the advance in chus have exhausted the mandate of Ireights, have risen enormously. Practi- Heaven, the Empire has suffered grievous. cally every day insurances are being for many years from rebellions, flood, placed on increased values, and these, for and famine, and the people are willing the sake of convenience, are generally enough that they should go the way of discredited rulers. Yes, but this does not P.P.I.
"disbursements." effected Values are instified to-day which were not nean, as Young China proclaims it, that accepted & year ago and may not be they are eager for a complete change of
• regarded as reasonable a year hence; all their own time-honoured ways. therefore something may be said for cover pretend that the Republican movement is fy the amounts P PL. and so avoiding a people's movement is, therefore, sheer opening the question of the rate on the sense. Its chiefs idvocates and gud- original policy, which owners might have come ground for desiring to do if the all-gitators, the same class which, were it risks insurance were raised.
ST
Still, though there is this complexity the market is far better equipped to meet it than a year ago. In the fire place, under the Gunford Judgment under writers have the right to claim disclosure of all amounts so effected; and, secondly there is an understanding among under writers that no disbursements" shall be accepted for more than 15 per cent, of the all-risks policy. By exercising the right to disclosure and sturdily refusing to agree to values that are obviously and altogether unreasonably inflated, under- writers have it in their power to reduce the danger of over-insurance to a
Minimum.
TRAGEDIES OF THE FAMINE. The following telegram was received by the Central China Famine Relief Com- mittee at Shanghai last week:-
Tangkiangpu, March 27th. **** Talbot reports that for ofty-li-north west of Walichuang (north of Tsing kiangpu) he found people practically all eating bark and Icares. Many have already starved. He judges that nine out of ten families are in a starving condition To see the number of unroofed houses is appalling. I am using every effort to reach people quickly. Woods."
Cash Account
In Hand... Y13,013,051.87 At Bankers 13,217,328.00 in Poblic Investmente
Securities
Bills discounted, Loans,
Advances, &c. ..... Bills receivable and other sums due to the Bank....
Pro Promises, Bank's To
Bullion and Foreign Money perties, Furniture, &c. ...
Porters are students and professional
(4)To pass measures for the calling of public loans and to conclude contracts affecting the National Treasury.
(5)To give, consent to matters pro- vided in Articles 34, 35 and 40.
(6)-To reply to inquiries from the Pro- visional Government."
(7)To receive, and consider petitions of citizens.
(8)-To make suggestions to the Gov. ernment on legal or other matters.
(9)-To introduce interpellations to
members of the Cabinet and to insist on their being present in the Council in making replies thereto...
Article 33.The Provisional President, shall ordain and establish the administra- tive system and official regulations, but be must first submit them to the Advisory Council for its approval.
Article 34-The Provisional President. shall appoint and remove civil and mili tary officials, but in the appointment of Members of the Cabinet, Ambassadors and Ministers, he must have the concur- rence of the Advisory Council.
Article 35-The Provisional President shall have power, with the concurrence of the Advisory Council, to declare war
and conclude treaties.
Article 36-The Provisional President inay, in accordance with law, declare a state of siege.
.
Article 37-The Provisional President shall, representing the whole country, re- and Ministers of ceive ambassadors
Article 38.The. Provisional President foreign countries. may introduce bills into the Advisory Council
Article 39.-The Provisional President
of honour.
may confer decorations and other insignia Article 40.The Provisional President may declare general amnesty, grant special pardon, commute a punishment, and restore rights, but in the case of a general amnesty, he must have the cOB- currence of the Advisory Council.
Article 41-In case the Provisional President is impeached by the Advisory consisting of nine judges elected among Council he shall be tried by a special court the justices of the supreme court of the realm.
Article 42.-In case the Provisional, President vacates his office for various reasons, or is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the Provisional Vice-President shall take his.. place.
CHAPTER V.MEMBERS OF THE CABINET. Article 43-The Premier and the Chiefs of the Government Departments shall be called Members of the Cabinet (literally, Secretaries of State Affairs)
INTIMATIONS
ECZEMA SO BAD HAD TO TIE HIS HANDS
To Prevent Child from Scratching, Running Sore All Over Head and Face. Cuticura Soap and Oint- ment Quickly Removed Sareness and Proved a Perfect Cure.
*My child suffered with a yellow running 'sore all over bla, head and face. I attended two hospitals with him. The doclors told
ma that it was SCISSIM and they gave MOSOKNO ointment for it. I used the same day after day which did no good. – 11
was a sort of disosan,
always keeping my Hitla ons vary restless both day and night. which forced me to tie his hands down to pre- vent him from scratch-
big the sores. They used to nim very much and form a very filthy looking szab. My child's auffering also prevented me from getting on with my work at home.
One day I was advised by a neighbour to try Cutleure Soap and Ointment. I soat for a sample of Cuticurs Ointment and put It on my child's head and face, Bolug very pleased about its wonderful work, I bought two tablets of Cuticura Soap. E washed ray child with Cuilcard Soap and hot water, then applied the Cuticura Olnimmi. They quickly removed that sitetiesa and left my thild very clear, bright and healthy-looking akta. Cuticura Soap and Ointment put an end to all my misery,
"I had tried all kinds which all fallad to cure my child until I tried Culicura Bosp and Cuilera Ointment and they proved is perfect curo." (Bled) ..Quin, 22, Diana Bt., Newcastle-on-Tyne, Eng., July 12, 1911, Bamptes with 32-p. book free from nearest dopot: F. Newbery & Sons, 27, Charterhouse Bq., London: R, Towns & Co.. Sydney, N..W.; Lennon, Ltd., Copo Town; Muller, Maclean & Oo, Calcutta and Bombay: Potter Drug & Chem. Corp., sola prope.. Boston, U. §. A.
87.9
Chs. J. Gaupp
& Co..
ALEXANDRA BUILDINGS,
CHATER ROAD.
WATCHMAKERS,
AND
JEWELLERS,.
OPTICIANS,
Article 44-Members of the Cabinet shall assist the Provisional President in assuming responsibilities.
Article 45.Members of the Cabinet FINEST QUALITY shall counter-sign all bills introduced by
DIAMOND JEWELLERY
the Provisional President and all laws and orders issued by him.
Article 46-Members of the Cabinet and their deputies may be present and speak in the advisory Council.
Article 47After members of the
Cabinet have been impeached by the Advi-
A SPECIALITY.
sory Council, the Provisional President ENGLISH, AMERICAN AND SWISS.
GOLD AND SILVER may remove them from office, but auch re- moval shall be subject to the reconsidera- tion of the Advisory Council.
WATCHES.
CHAPTER VI. THE JUDICIARY. Article 18. The Judiciary shall be com posed of those judges appointed by the Provisional President and the Chief of the Department of Justice.
The organization of the courts and the qualifications of judges shall be deter
mined by law.
Article 49.-The Judiciary shall try civil and criminal cases, but cases involvig ad- ninistrative affairs or arising from other particular causes shall be dealt with ac- cording to special laws.
(10) To insist on the Government in vestigating into any alleged bribery and 26,228,379.87 infringement of laws by officials.
(11)-To impeach the Provisional Presi- 20,082,877-18 dent for high treason by a majority vote of three-fourths of the quorum consisting 88,298,380.80
of more than four fifths of the total nuno- ber of the members.
the 169,027,509.98
(12)To impeach members of 1,148,812.13 Cabizet for failure to perform their offence of higher officials.
cial duties or for violation of the law by 3,866,886.81 majority votes of two-thirds of the quorum consisting of over three-fourths of the ¥308,662,498.58 | members.
Article 20--The Advisory Council shall itself convoke, conduct and adjourn its own meetings.
Article 50The trial of cases in the law courts shall be conducted publicly, but those affecting public safety and order may be in comert.
Article bi.-Judges shall be independent and shall not be subject to the interfer-
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT.
rent Expenses, Rebate on Bills Current, Bad and Doubtful Debts, Bunus for Officers and Clerk, &c. To Reserve Fund
Y6.00 per Old Shares for 240,000 Shares, 1.25 per New Bhare for 240,000 Shares
Balance carried for- ward to next Account
not for the strong hand of authority, To Interests, Taxes, Cur- would ere this have honeycombed India with sedition--the classes which have brought anarchy and humiliation to Per- sia, the fatal new wine which threatens to burst all the ancient skins of Asia. Against them and the Republic will soon To Dividend: be ranged the literati and gentry, the inerchants and the old bureaucracy, hesitating at present, and frightened by the swift march of events. Already the lines of cleavage are becoming as clearly To marked as the disorganisation and lack of leadership in the Republican ranks. Already the Manchus being reduced to terrified impotence, the struggle is defin- ing itself between Old and Young China. By Balance brought for
ward 30th June, 1911 But whereas Young China is noisily vociferous, the great mass of the people By Amount of. Gross Pro- Confucianist scholars, merchants and pea fits for the Half-year end- san try alike remains for the most part
ing 31st December, 1911... inarticulate and inert. Yuan Shih-kai stated two months ago that seven-tenths of the nation would oppose the Republican'
We have aramined the above accounts programme. It is safe to say that this proportion will rapidly increase, and that in detail, comparing them with the books the immediate results of "Governicent by and vouchers of the Bank and the returns the nursery are not likely to impress the from the branches and agencies, and have people as an improvement on the Manchu found them to be correct. We have further inspected the securities, etc., of the Bank, THE ALTERNATIVE TO A REPUBLIC, and also those held on account of loans, In Mr. Bland's opinion everything points advances, etc., and have found them all to the certainty of civil war and brigand-to be in accordance with the books and age, on a seale similar to that of the Tai-accounts of the Bank,
YASUNORI ASADA) ping and Mohammedan rebellions, ualess
TAMIZO WANAO
regime.
the Powers realise that it is neither
Article 52-Judges during their con- tinuance in office shall not have their emoluments decreased and shall not be transferred to other offices, nor shall they De removed from office except when they are convicted of crimes, or of offences punishable according to law by removal. From office.
Regulations for the punishmer judges shall be determined by law
oi
Article 54.-The Constitution of the Re- public of China shall be adopted by the National Assembly, but before the pro mulgation of the Constitution, the Provi- sional Constitution shall be as effective as the Coristitution itself.
Article 21-The meetings of the Advi sory Council shall be conducted publicly
CHAPTER VI.SUPPLEMENTARY ARTICLES, but secret meetings may be held at the 8,254,506.21 instigation of members of the Cabinet or
Article 63-Within ten months after the 350,000.00 by the majority vote of its quorum,
Article 22-Matters passed by the Ad-promulgation of this Provisional Constitu visory Council shall be communicated to tion the Provisional President shall con- the Provisional President for promulga-vene a National Assembly, the organiza- tion of which and the laws for the election tion and execution. 1,740.000.00 Article 23.If the Provisional President of whose members shall be decided by the
should vato matters passed by the Advi-Advisory Council. 1,195,136.25sory Council be shall, within ten days after he received such resolutions, return Y11,639,732.46 the same with stated reasons to the Council for re-consideration. If the same matter should again be passed by a two- 1,193,327.84 thirds vote of the quorum of the Council,
Article 56.The Provisional Constitú- it shall be dealt with in accordance with Article 22.
tion may be amended by the assent of two- Article 24.-The President of the Advi- thirds of the members of the Advisory sory Council shall be elected by ballots Council or upon the application of the signed by the voting members and the Provisional President and being passed hy one who receives more than one-half of over three-fourths of the quorum of the the total number of the votes cast shall Council consisting of over four-filths of
the total number of its members.
Article 56.The present Provisional Con- Article 25-Members of the Advisory be elected, Council shall not, outside the Council ball, stitution shall take effect on the date of articles for the organization of the Pro- be responsible for their opinions ex-its promulgation and the fundamental pressed and votes cast in the Council.
Article 26-Members of the Council visional Government shall cease to be
Sealed by:** shall not be arrested without the permis effective on the same date. sion of the President of the Council except for crimes committed at the time of arrest or for crimes pertaining to civil and in- March 10th, 1st year of the Republic of
China Auditors.ternational warfare
10,846,404.62 V11,539,732.40
I
THE ADVISORY COUNCIL.
CLOCKS
46
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