Page
vicler Folmere
The Wine Merchany of the Ea
NAPIER JOHNSTONES'
"SQUARE BOTTLE"
WHISKY.
UNVARIED FOR OVER
150 YEARS,
THE SAME TO-DAY AS IN
1745.
BEWARE OF IMITATIONS.
BOLE AGENTS IN HONGKONG :
LANE, CRAWFORD & Co.,
and from ALL WINE MERCHANTS.
The Titish Mediczi Journal" sayu- *senger Yood bay, by its excellence, established a reputatiif its GWIL,"
BENGERS
Benger's Food is sooth- ing and satisfying. It contains all the elements of a natural food in a condition suitable for immediate absorption. When milk alone is heavy and unsatisfying, "Benger's Food, made with milk, is appetising and nutritive.
Benger's Food should be used
For INFANTS, INVALIDS, AND THE AGED, for healthy development in infancy, for rebuilding strength in weakened systems, and for the pre- servation of old
age in usefulness and vigour.
Readers can obtain a 18-page booklet. thenger's Food and tow to Uso it which contains a Concise Guide to the Kening of Infants," and practical Information on the care of Invalids, etc.. on application to Benger's Food Ltd. Outer Works, Manchester, England. Benger's Food is sold in tina by "Druggists, ete, everywhere.
By Special
Appointsial
to H.M. The Kin
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HIGH QUALITY, MODERATE PRICES, PROMPT ATTENTION
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These tiny Capsules
[56
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to Copaiba, Cubebs, and Injec- tions CURE the same di- seases as these drugs in FORTY-EIGHT HOURS
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25
A RELIC OF THE PATRIARCHAL!
SYSTEM.
REALLY UNBEATEN TRACKS IN JAPAN.
[BY CHUZO GGAWA IN THE "JAPAN CHRONICLE."]
It is no
on thing that a railroad four hears transfers one
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, AUGUST 21st, 1911.
so strong that on This impression is
ола house
almost entoring shocked to realize the existence of a big dog-iron on the big hearth. Even this simple iron implement seems rather incongruous in such surroundings! The hearth the contro of the family oirdle-is a rectangular open spaco of about four square yards, where a fire is always batning ander large kettle, and the whole family sit in a circle around this centre of social intercourse.
rao. Planty of timber being available, the house itself is very substantial; the impros. journey of from the centre civilimation and convenience sion of frailty of these huts is produced by the into the heart of the primitive forest, but here, thatched roofs, but frailty is not a characteristic buildings, which aro often very where I write the article, I have been transferred in order to give accommodation to within the same length of time not only into large in
the numerons inmates. A hat of 24 yards the depth of the primitive forests, but also inte
Bight The inside is a primitive civilisation which must be several bare and roomy, and without any desgration, thousand years old! Just imagine a house- hold of thirty-nine or forty-five members. The innermest section has a Buddhist shrine embers and is usually divided into three sections. liring under the same roof in obedience, to aid is reserved for guests and special occasions the patriarchal authority of the master of
and often is sub-divided into two rooms. The the house. But this is not all. Large house
middle section is invariably divided into two; holde are no extraordinary thing in the East the front one is preserved for occasions of leas even one hundred or more members of a
a family have couples living under the patriarchal authority of
the sleeping-room of the married the parents.
But what makes our experience couple. The last section is very large in extent, hers most extraordinary is the fact that there is and here the whole household take thoir meals only one married couple or at most two in sendir social communion. The kitchen is onnered and life together, and around the hearth have family. All the other members of the family this part. from a legal point of view, though this does not imply that conjagal relations do not exist, of remain single, and the illegitimate offspring the women of the household regard the head of
hey counted in China, many omrried while the back room soms to be
30
pooliet money that the mother provides clothing and defrays what little personal ex- ponses that the child may noed, and we can readily see that her responsibility is no Bamo casos, when the light one. In
he senda help father recognises the child.
be to the mother, but this does not seem to obligatory. This material re ponsibility on the part of the mother of looking after her children unaided by the father seems to have its effect on the rate of illegitimate birth. With the increasing difficulty of keeping the childros in food and clothing sad with the gradual enbsi denes of conjugal appetite after the birth of two or three children, the rate of illegitimate birth must naturally fall very low. Moreover, the soil, being very poor, does not produce abundance of food. The food of the people is poor; even ponitry is not raised here, for the Tares, with a little rice and pickled turnip, are winter is long and cereals are too precious. their staple food, and
they are such hard- working people, they grow old very early in and at forty they look rather emaciated. life,
This is most singularly noticeable among the They are most beautiful in their maidenhood, but among women over thirty there are very few who would attract admira- tion.. Excessive labour and poor food minst Speaking about physiognomy, if there were exhaust their vital energy rather early in any migration of the Aryan race into Japan, the ancestors of these people who shut thom- selves up in these mountains must have been of Aryan origin. They are white of complexion,
WOOL.
life.
the family as their father, To explain this most of the room, in the most honoured place, with ws, and are tall in stature. Japanese
extraordinary survival of the old family system, I must tax the patience of my readers to follow ide in my journey to this really unbouten track
in Japan.
"THE LOCALITY.”
If you enter this living room during moal time you will see a most interesting as well as bewildering sight. The man at the higher end mare tray before him, is the master of the house. On bis right you will see an old man or women, each with his or her tray. Below them in position, you will see people of middle-age and grown-up children, and women with a few children around their trays. In all they count Take a map of Japan and imagine a line cross-
Bit 25, 30, or even 40.. Strange to o say, they all ing the main island from east to west, from the rather apart than close together, and though promontory of Noto to Nagays. You will see they partake of the common staple meal, esch sloploted on the map piles of high meastain
tain individual seems to have his or her own, relish ranges and innumerable rivers and tributaries, to enjoy. They are communistic as to the and you will almost wonder if there is any pass staple food, but decidedly individualistio as to oressing these ranges at all. But this is indeed the relish. They are now at their meals, and just what we are doing on foot, for there is no have come back from the fields to rent from other means of transport available. This the toil of the day. Now we are able to examine Shirakawamura, Hida province, where I am now,
more closely this most extraordinary family.
is 140 miles west of Gifa. Slation on the Tokaido line, about
35 miles from Johana Station
切
Dis
the Chuetau lino, the western coast. Which over way you take you must be prepared to goover. hill only to meet another. The waters meet in the mountain valleys and by the sheer force of the combined momentum force their way through the ranges of the hills. This main stream is called the Shokawa. In the course of mauy thousand years the water has out a long and deep ravine through the rocke, and the banks are almost always perpendicular rocks of graet height. A pass is out midway between the top of the hill and the stream, and this is
*
CONJUGAL RELATIONA
From time immemorial it has been the custom of the families in Shirakawa-mura, not comany as 300 in number as at present, to limit the increnss of their families; the master and the oldest son took a wife, but all the others were left single. This means that only one out of numerons brothers in a family can take a wife, and thero fore, only one out of several daughters can have the chance of proper marriage, Younger heathers, and a commensurate number of girls would love to live in compulsory celibacy
were to strictly follow the trage of this
in face, with the Roman type of no:0, pictorial representations of the superior glasses, such as princes and daimyo, no goon in the
coloured
to have been old
prints, som modelled from the type of these people. Or conversely, superior classes-whe put themselves as rulers over the squat, round- fuced, flat-nosed people as princes and loeds mast have been of the same stook as these people. And it is a most pathetic sight to see one of these girls, with sach a
a splendid figure, who beautiful enough to insure a
a lofty sense of poetry and admiration in the artistic mind, and to think that she is not to become the graceful adornment of a happy family, but in all prob ability will give birth to an illegitimate child! CHILDREN THE KIN OF THE MOTHRE
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SELLING PRICE
FORMER PRIDE,
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$.800
$1,000
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$ 800
$ 500
$775
$ 495
$ 000
$ 400.
$ 625
S 395
$ 675
S 385
$525
$ 350
$ 600
AUTO-MANUAL RACHALS BRINSMEAD WERNER KRAUSS WERNER CHALLEN
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1734
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NOTICES TO CONSIGNEES
The child grows under the fostering care of the mother in the household until it reaches the age of 17 or so, when it becomes an inde pendent member of the family. Old Chinese historians nid
of the ancient social state that the people knew who their mother was but not their father, and we used to wonder at EAST ASIATIC COMPANY LIMITED the remark. But here, contemporary with our civilisation, surrounded with all the enlighten- meat of modern knowledge, we have exactly the sarae social stato as was described by the old Chinese historians. Furthermore, in old Japan, as was often pointed ont by many scholars, the prince had several mistresses in different places,
...
COPENHAGEN
NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES,
THE Steamship
"KINA,"
the only route that givos access to this village. they ty. We are not, however, to believe and the children of the prince by a mistress | baving arrived, Consignees of Cargo are hereby
The road, such as it is, has been mooh improved,
NOTICES TO CONSIGNSES
"MOGUL" LINE OF STEAMERS.
NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.
The Steamship." BRAEMAR,"
FROM GLASGOW. LIVERPOOL AND STRAITS.
and we can readily imagine what state it was in that this most unnatural restriction of one of lived not with the father but with the mother, informed that their Goods, with the exception that all Goods are being landed at their
before it was improved."
the strongest appetites was, at any time in the We reached Johans Station in one day from history of this community, strictly followed. Kobe, and after spending a night there, wo start. Ordo put it saother way, the ancient commani-
до
to fourt.
All broken, chafod, and damaged Goods are to be left in the Godowns, where they will be examined on the 19th inst., at 9.30 ..
All Cisime most reach us before the 24th inst, or they will not be recognized. No Fire Insurance will be affected. Bills of Lading will be countersigned by the Undersigned.
MELCHERS & Co., Agents.
[1033 Hongkong, 13th August, 1911
All Claims against the Steamer must be pro- sented to the Undersigned on or before the I th
All broken, chafed, and damaged Goods ara to prox., or they will not be recognised, be left in the Godowns, where they will be examined on the 21st inst, at 2.30 ra
No Fire Insurance has been affected. Bills of Lading will be countersigned by
DODWELL & Co., LTD.,
Agente. Hongkong, 14th Angust, 1911. (1035
NONSIGNEES of Cargo are hereby informed this of Opium, Treasure and Valuables, are being and here we seem to have the survival of this
stored At their risk istorisk into the Godowns of the Holt's Wharf at family system! In these cirouzostances the landed ant
the hazardous and/or extra bazardous Kowloon, whence and/or from the wharves child knows the maternal love, but not that of ed early for our destination. We toiled up the hilly would seem not to have restricted free con- the father, and the teachers in primary schools Godowns of the Hongkong and Kowloon delivery may be obtained.
Wharf and Godown Company, Limited, No Chinus will be admitted after the Goods and down the slope, through shady forests and on
and a Goods the edge of fearful
1 Precipices. Of course it was relations, ară the idea of real celibacy must And it difficult to inculcate filial piety in the Kowloos, and Wost Point. Godowns, whence have left the Godowns,
have been entirely foreign to the general con children. Indeed, it is a gonder that the woman
remaining undelivered after the 21st inst. will hard work, but it was not without some redeem-munity. And from time immemorial, those who made it her own responsibility to raise and delivery may be obtained.
No Claime will be admitted after the Goods be subject to rent. ing features. As we climbed up the mountain sides, the sight of the broad expanse of bold who wore not publicly married had private foster the child did not become the head
andelivered after the 20th inst. will be subject rudulations of green hilla and densely, wooded, as shown by the numerous filegitimate of the family in the long run, and estab have left the Godowns, and all Goods remaining
mentioned above, But illegitimate birthlish something after the style of the Nair mountain-sides on the other side of the river was here is no disgrace, either to the mother or to polyandry described by MeLennan, for there is very refreshing, and there was something fearful the child; it is the general rulo, and no one
characteristic Inach eiilarity, as well as and ewe-inspiring in the perpendicular crags thinks it at all strange. Indeed, illegitimacy difference, t between the Shirakawa-murs family that reared their bold fronts from the midst of
is a legitimate thing here.
aystem
and Nair polyandry. I will give a brief the rushing stream where the water chafed and
Furthermore, a marriage without legal or description of the latter family system Cham- formed and want rannd in whichpools. Most customary nation is regarded in the outside bors Encyclopedia. says: Among the Nairs graceful streamlets fell from the high mountain world illegitimate, though the man and of Malabar, bodies of the nearest relations form sides into the blue river below like ribbons of woman may live together in perfect conjugal a joint-family and hold their land in common, white silk, and ornde suspension bridges here relations, but when I say that the younger the control of the joint-interests being in the and there might be likened to rainbows by brothers are illegitimately married in this eldest male. But the family propor among them
fantastic posts.
Melodious-night-villago, it is an entirely different thing. The consists, when at the fullest, of a woman with ingales, home-reminding cuckoos,
young men never live in the same house her mother and brothers, and of her children. thin dovos, quails, pheasants, and many other with the woman They Hive in the house of The uncles are protectors of the children, who birds mixed their chorus with the hollow sounds their father or their elder brother, and it is
are their hairs brother first succeeding bro- of the woodpecker and the distant murmur of only after the toil of the day is over that ther, and then sister's children encoeeding, the torrents. Luxuriant growth of wild grusses they walk several miles to visit their sweethearts, The woman has no husband living with her. were full of blossom. Though the scenery was and before the dawn of day they must be back There is no father in the family; the woman really beautiful, we could only partly appreciate at their own konse. A child born in such sir. its valne, for the difficulty of travel is no ordinumstances does not know its father, and stays
Continued on page 6. ery one. The footpath is always up or down always with its mother. The situation, where over orage and broken stones, and eren oren this old custom is still preserved, may be gener ers not need for transportation. Ride-for Shirakawa-mura does not produce enough orally expressed in this way: With the are carried on the human back. En passant. girls of the village are supposed to have been AS SUPPLIED TO THE HOUSE OF are being landed at their risk into the hazardous Consignment will be sorted out Mark by Mark to foad its inhabitants--and all other provisions of the eldest soas and their con
sotze
mann-
these carriers have wonderfully strong backs: they earn their living by carrying 160 pounds back and forth every day from the village to Johans.
"
DIFFICULTY OF COMMUNICATION AND STATIONARINESS, IN, DEVELOPMENT.
married
erooption Consorts, all the
I at least to some males of the village. This fact is most interestingly shown in the blackening of the teeth of women, which in old times, and even at present, is the sign that a woman is a wife. Here in Shirakawa-muru all the women, legal wives or not, at the age of 19 blacken their feath, and a girl who gives birth to a child before that aga also follows the custom. Incidentally it may be noted that the blacken- ing of the teeth is dying outeren in this village.
I would not bova described the difficulties of the road at this length were it not for the in- Fortant relation it bare to the proservation of the old family formation of this wonderful
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FAMILY. Tillage. On account of this difficulty and in-
Now as to the detailed constitution of the convenience of intercourse with the outside. world, the people have preserved the old family family. Suppose the present head of a certain formation uninterrupted to this present day of family had bres brothers, and four sisters. enlightenment and scientific investigation. The All these brothers, and, perhaps with one modern sociologist, with his knowledge of the exception, all the sisters, stay in their elder most advanced kind, can go into the very midst brother's house. The master and his wife may have five children among them, and each of the single sisters may have three children nach,
of a social formation such as can only be im- agined by modern scholars from the mutilated records and ancertain traditions of long-past who are all registred in the Village Office na ages. Moreover, we almost seem to see be- nephews and nieces of the master. On the other
actual
very
seplerinas no culs, the old nyotera is being
LORDS AND HOUSE OF COMMONS
THORNE'S
OLD VAT
No. 4
NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.
THE P. & O. 8. N. Co.'s Steamer
"ARCADIA,"
AMERICAN AND ORIENTAL LINE. T
NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES.
8.8. WELSH PRINCE," FROM NEW YORK............
NONSIGNEES of Cargo by the above-named Tessel are hereby informed that all Goods
C
and forextra hazardous Godowns of the Hongkong aud Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co., Ltd. Kowloon, whence delivery may be obtained.
All broken, chafed, and damaged Goods must-be-left in the Godowns, where they will be examined on the 21st inst, at 2.33 PM
No Claims will be admitted after the Gooda have left the Godowns, and all Goods remaining undelivored after the 21st inst. will be subject to reat.
All Claims against the Steamer must be pra. sented to the Undersigned on or before the 27th inst., or they will not be recognised. No Fire Insurance Ins been effected.
ARNHOLD, KARBERG & Co., Agents. Hongkong, 14th August, 1911. · [1034.
NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES. FROM SHANGHAI, KOBE AND MOJI.
THE
EE Steamship
ARRATOON APCAR” having arcived from the above Forte, Con-
house. One of the traders, who had remained SCOTCH WHISKY.s will be devered from alongad set their
$8
addition of so much working power to the community. In truth, the child born to her, according to the communistic notion of these familias, is no more her child-than a cor CIN claim ownership in her calf: The child is taken to the family and fed and sheltered by the family.
SOLE AGENTS IN
HONGKONG, CHINA & MANILA
fore us the workings of social evolution in hand, these brothers are all bachelors, t.., so far This vat was started by the late Robert Thorn
What hes progress.
remaitied ar the responsibility of fostering their chil of Greenock and has been sold as No. 4 since 1831 stationary for these thousand years in the draw is concerned. The
nephews when seclusion of the monstsins, seems to have taken they grow up will live a bachelor life, and the rapid strides towards the modern form nieces, together with the daughters, will parsas of *Fociety.
With daily postal communication the same life as lived by the older women of the by the new. But this social family long in the midst of these people told me, and until has to go through all the stages of social I see no reason to doubt its truth, that the birth evolution before it can attain the modern in of a child to a girl of the family is welcomed dividualism, and this progress from one stage to another is actually happening before our eyes.
Shirakawamura is an extensive district; its extent from east to west is 45 miles, and in its widest past in over 13 miles soross. The whole of this region is covered by steep mountains, and small village communities-ten in number-are found along the course of the Sho river. In other places along the river the mountains are so stoop that no space can be found for building and cultivation. Only two of these villages hare more than 50 houses, all the others being villages if such they can be called-of two or thres houses, Mr. Hearn says that the Japan baby is cared for by the young children of the ese Shinte buikling preserves the form of the family, of whom there are many, and the mis primitive Japanese hut, and here we seem to tress of the house undertakes the general direc have the confirmation of his theory. When we tion of affairs at home.
see these huts in Shirakawa-mara we are irre. sistibly reminded of sto roof construction of the present Shinto buildings at
thatched
Tools
steep
nicet in a
Two
very
in the
The burden of direct fostering, however, most. heavily falls on the mother, and the father does but very little, if he does anything, in this direction. After the birth of the child, the mother goes to the fields again with the other members of the family, for the sail is poor and needs much labour, and during her absence the
THE WEEKLY HOLIDAY.
line
Here I must be allowed to make another shape
When the dependents of the of an inverted V. and there is no covering to the digression.. sides. These buts, standing in the very heart of family, boys as well as girle, reach the age of the dark green hillsides, intermingled with coni- about 17 they are allowed to own, ar rather to cal pine trees, shapely elms and oaks, and bounded work out, their personal pocket money. The in front by the rushing torrent of the She river, Inbour of six days out of seven is rendered up to make a very soothing picture. We feel as if the general funds of the family, held by the wo were carried by enchantment into the ancient master of the household, and in return they community of which we have only a misty re- receive shelter and food. But one day out of presentation and only a suggestive description seven is a holiday, and on that day they can - in the dawn of Japanese civilisation, when there either rest or go to the mountains and out fust was no calender, or sense of time, when people or timber or cultivate as best they can, the pro- were not hurried from pillar to post, and had no ceeds of such labour being the property of each
ailway trains to catch.
dependent of the family. Now it is with this
A. S. WATSON & Co., LTD.
MILK FOOD No. 1. From birth to 3 months..
d
MILK FOOD No. 2.
From 3 to 6 muathi.
MALTED FOOD No. 3. From 6 months upwards.
The
г902
et
Fлoм BOMBAY, COLOMBO AND STRAITS. Consignees of Cargo by the above-named vessel are hereby informed that their goods are being landed and placed AT THEIR BISK in the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company's Godown at Kowloon, where oneb and
areery can be obtained as the Goods
This ressol brings on Cargo:
From London, &o., ex sa. “Mooltan."-- From Persian Gulf, ex .. D. L. 9. N.
and B. & P. S. N. Co.'s Steamers Optional Goods will be landed here unles instructions are given to the contrary within 6 hours.
Goods not cleared by the 23rd iust, at 4 F.M.; will be subject to rent..
No Fire Insurance will be affected by me In any case whatever.
Damaged packages must be left in the Go- downs for examination by the Consignees' and the Company's Burveyors, Messrs. GODDARD and DOUGLAS, at 10 AM. on MONDAYS and THURSDAYS. All claims must be presented. within ten days of the steamer's arrival bare, after which date they cannot be recognised. No claims will be admitted after the goods have left the Godowns.
Е. А. HEWETE, Superintendent. Hongkong, 16th August, 1911.
Cares
impeding the discharge will be landed NOTICE TO KOWLOON RESIDENTS and expense into the hazarXTRA COPIES of Daily Fries are on dous extra hazardous Godowas of the Eale daily as the following Stores. Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company, Limited.
No Fire Insurance has been effected. Bills of Lading will be countersigned by
DAVID SASSOON & CO., LTD.,
Agents, Hongkong, 16th August, 1911;
[1038
KOWLOON BOOK STALL, Ferry Wharf Messrs. H. RUTTONJEE & SONS. Kow
loon Store, No. 36, Haiphong Road. Messrs. HUNG CHEONG, Haiphong Road- Mr AH TAU; Hongkong Stall, Ferry Wher
soon grow strong, sleep well and gaid robust
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WEAK BABIES health when fed on the 'Allenburys' Food
ALLENBURYS' RUSKS. The
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