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The hinc
[56
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SPECTAL ARTICLE.
MODERN BRITISH PORTS.
GLASGOW.
The Tinice has recently been publishing in its Commercial Supplement a series of articles on Modern British Parts. The latest is the follow ing article dealing with Glasgow:
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, MAY 29TH, 1911.
Frustees
MACHINERY AND LOCOMOTIVES.
to
breast. A contract has also been placed for industry which has reached a very high degree erecting behind the western portion of Meadow- of development in the West of Scotland. side Quay a granary with floors and silos capable of storing at one time 31,000 tons, together with quay elevators, conveyor bands, and other
There are many subsidiary industries to the sppliances of the most ap-to-date description usia iron and steel tandes, and no attempt to deal, however briefly, with commercia! Glasgow ted by electricity; for the discharge, land- and storage of grain.
would be complete without reference to the important feature of the improvements landing position occupied by the manufacturers which will in the near future be carried out le ot machine tools located in the Glasgow the widening of the channel at Renfrew adjoin-district. It is almost impossible to visit an ing
the site
site of the new graving dock. The
Great Britain industrial establishment' "la The second city of the Kingdom has always trustees have just come to an arrangement with wif
without fading the equipment evidence hed to meet comparison with the beautiful sister the ancient Burgh of Rentrow for the acquisition of the great reputation enjoyed by West ity Edinburgh, and it is not surprising that in from them of the vehicalar ferry, which is carried of Bed Brachial tool ackers. In the the opinion of those who have regard only on by means of chain-guided ferryboat and field of Locomotive building, too, there is for externals, Glasgow has invariably suffered inclined slips. It is the intention of the within the city itself one of those great in the process. The comparison in "quite an trustees to discontinue that system, and to unfair onu.
Glasgow is well content to leave substitutes ferry on the high-level system, private establishments which supply railway requirements in our Colonies, in the Argon- to Edinburgh the distit.ction which rightly be smilar to others in the harbour. The old ferry tine Republic, and aleewhere, and would. longs to it as one of the show cities of the at. Guran is to be remodelled on the high level did the need arise, be ready
provide focomo world: the metropolis of the west aspires rather
her system.
tire power for British railways. to be known as a great centre of industry. Ita
With regard to the maregement of the port,
In the manufacture of sugar machinery aleo Low fine streets, its old minster, and many other which natil 1809 was in the hands of the City Glasgow has played a leading part, and the con- features are subsidiary to cotamercial interests Council, in the year 1858 the former Acts were
extends from the year 1785 in unbroken into which the very texture of its history is repealed, the sonstitution altered, and the noction of the city with this branch of industry. closely woven, and its great river the prosper. undertaking defined. Under tot de Lities the scusion down to the present (tue. Allied associated with all that makes for the
a body under the title "the to the shipbuilding industry is the work of ity of Glasgow.
tees of the Clyde Navigation. As thon dredger building, and hora again the Clyde Oues distinguished as a village on the banks constituted the trustees were 25 in number firms have won a great reputation for their of the river, the kinship of the Clyde withton chosen by the dunicipality of Glasgow, work. A newer industry, but an increasingly
Glasgow is a close one, and the two each by the Merchants House, Chamber industrial
important one, is the manufacturo of electrical familiar claim that if the river has made the
of Commeren, and Trades House, nad nine city, the enterprise of Glasgow made the Clyde, elected by the qualified Harbour Duos plaut, and in this is now developments have been recently recorded. The utilization has in it far more truth than is found in most Payers. In 1905, however, the constitution of waste energy for the production of current efforts to tell history in the making off was woondet. by the introduction of sight is now passing sins of the experimenta! stage.
counties The great industries of the Clyde members representative
and promises to open up a epigram.
new sphere of Love developed with the improvement of the towns on the banks of the river, and of nine activity to the electrical engineer who is worthily navigation, which alene has made it possible additional members elected by the Dues Payers
In the chemical trades the city may fairly for the river to become the ersille of the making 42 in all. By the incorporating Act represented in the commercial life of flagow. world's navies. The first passenger steamer and the many subsequent Aste of Parliament
pioneer Cer built in Great Britain was launched upon ite the trustees obtained powers to aequire land and claim to have played the part of waters, and to-day Clyde-built ships fly every to constract the dock and harbour system as it tainly the work done by those associated with the chemical industries of Glasgow' gavo a fing and sail every so Her shipyards, from a to-day, and for those purposes to Lorow, on one of which was launched the Lusitania, and the security of the harbour rates, the necessary Breat impotus to manufacturing processes. The work done by one gre t establishment in the. where is now being built the oa gaint capital, and also to levy dues en passels and manufacture of explosives in well regnized. Cunarder, destined to be the largest ship in goods, and for the use of the appliances
Nitro-glycerine was only scientiflo curiosity the world, have ever been pioneers in new other facilities. The total area of the harbour until Alfred Nobel brought it into the methods of ship design and propulsion, and and docks is 530 aures comprised of a port of commercial field, and this was followed by the the British motor battleship, when it makes the river and partly dooks or besins open at all production of dynamit», blasting gelative, states of the tide, which muges only from 10ft. its appearance and it is nearer than many
and finally patient investigation resalted in cordite boing ad Bed boliere-may be laid down in a Clyde shipyard. to 12ft.
to the list. The history The first quarter of 1911 has witnessed great
of this enterprise furnishes a striking confirma thou of the advantages which follow the applica articity in shipbuilding, and the present year gives promise of establishing a record in tentage
tion of science to industry, of which so much of new ships launched from Clyde shipyards.
as latterly been heard. In this depastmout of enterprise it has always bean and still remains the dominant chauctoristic.
HISTOLY OF THE PORT.
of
ond
As showing the progress of the Port of Glas gow during the past fifty years, it may be stated that the revenue of the trustees from the dues of the port was then £97.983; last year it was £555.403. The net registered tonnage of vussels was 2,897,738; in 1910 it was 12,354,798. The tonnage of goods was then 1,192,475; whereas last year it was 10,097,283. Of the tonnage goods, 40 per cent. are imports and 60 per cent exporte, the foreign trade belag 72 per cont.
the whole,
INDUSTRIES OF THE DISTRICT.
Reference may also be made to the oil industry, of now assuming greater importance in view of tho growing character of the applications of liquid offsel; and in some branches of the industry,
notably the sulphate of ammonia proituct, the Scotch oil industry enjoys something approach- ing a mesopoly. Something should also be written on the glass making which is carry on in varied forms in Glasgow and which has been established in one braucli at least for np wards of 70 youre White earthenwars has been manufactured for more than a century.
THE AGE OF ALUMINIUM. aluminium industry are not in Glasgow, no Although the headquarters of the Scottish
The great waterway which has made the shipbuilding industry was within the memory of personu still living a parrow and tertuous strain many parts a mere creck a few inches deep and fordable at many places. The need of taking steps to improve the navigation was evident 300
and from 1670, years ago.
Reference has been made to the shipbuilding when a small port was formed at what is still known as Port Glasgow, 10 miles onward, the industries which have been so closely associated work of making the port meet the grawing with the development of the part, but ship. woods of the trade has been steadily continued building is a modern incident in the history of until te-day, schen the programe of new works commercial Glasgow. The Merchants Hongs is assuming somewhat important dimensions, and the old Trades House stand as witnesses the object boing to make the 18-mile channel of the long association of Glasgow with com which is under the jurisdiction of the port city extensise privileges on the river in 1656 merce. Charles I yielded a charter giving the authority available for vessels drawing over city 301t of water. There was no hint of this need in and further evidence of carly trading enter record of the commercial activitios of the Wost the early history of Port Glasgow, which eers dexlets in the ancient trade associations, which the needs of the trade for a period of 50 years, include those of the weavers, which dates from It was not indeed until 1729 that a second 1528, the hammerers, ilyers, wrights, and many small унду тель
was provided at Glasgow, which others. Additional confrination of the trading instimets of the city is to be found in the then had a population of 20,000, for the accom. medation of small craft. At that time the osta lishment of a Chamber of Commerce and development of the eport was in the hands of Manufactures in 1783. the City Fathers, and Mr. James Nicol, the City chamberlain, bas just achieved a triumph over historiaus by
the books discovering in of the corporation the first entry in the capital totals of the Clyde Navigation which now nine and a half milliona sterling. The account was kept in the booke of the Common Good of the City, and refers to sundrio
paymon including "a couplicment made by the Council to James Starling, mathematician, for his service, pains, and trouble in surveying the river towards deepening it by locks. That the old plan of carpening by locks obtained serious cous doration is evidenced by the fact was from a remote period a principal occupation that the account was originally titled "The in the villages of the west, and if the music lock designed upon Clyde, but this was after of the shuttle is silent to day it is only that the wards obanged to "Deepening of Clyde," and textile industries have entered a newer phase in 1779 to the title the account now bears of and are hensed in factories. A study of the "Clyde Navigation. In connection with Liohistory of the textile teades shows that Scotlanul lock scheme the city obtained the adsize of the in the past adopted a somewhat conservative pioneer engineer James Smeaton, afterwards attitude towards mechanical associated with the building of the Eddystone Lighthouse. The work of creating a port at the doors of the city was a slow task and oe cupied many eminent engineers, including th famous Telford and Ronnie and James Watt It was to the scheme of Galthorne of Chester to contret the channel by building rough sicns jetties from either bank that the first effective deepening was fine.
The beginnings of Glasgow are of much earlier date than this. Mungo, the patron saint of the city, began his missionary efforts in the sixth century, and there are yet earlier The suburb records of religions activity; of Ratherglen was a Roral borough long before Glasgow attained that dignity, and many stirring episodes in Scottish history wore enacted in the streets of Glasgow. Yet through it all runs the story of commercial the development.
The textile industry repre- sented to-day by great interests is one of the weaving oldest trades of the district. Hand
21
The growth and development of the harbour of Glasgow has kept pace with the improve- ment of the river. The harbour now embraces the portion of the river, about 41.3 miles in length, between Albert Bridge and the western boundary of the lands of Shieldball, with the dncka, quays, and other works within these limits, the portion above Glasgow Bridge being called the Upper Harbour, and the portion below the bridge the Lower Herbour..
NEW HARBOUR WORKS.
progress.
The cotton industry was early established in the Glasgow district, the first mill having benn erected at Penicuik in 1778, and Glasgow can claim to have carried out pioneer work in bleaching and calico printing, in which fold the city took precedence of Lancashire. To-day the general position of the textile industry may be accounted satisfactory, the only cloud latterly being the high pries of raw materials. First place in importance is now held by the white cotton trade, and this branch has held its owE in the face of rery keen competition.
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of Scotland would be complete which did not refer to the great water power plant at Kinlochleven, These works are the largest in Great Britain operated by water power, and the company owning the plant is one of the largest pro- dours of aluminium in the world. Without giting entire assent to the views of those who aluminium will eventually anpersede predict that iron at the common metal, it is clear that the field of application for aluminium is an increasing one, and the establishment at Kinlochlossa in an important addition to the older West of Scot- land industries. Another modern commercial development in which the Glasgow manufacturer has played his part is the motor car, and at the
keen interest. grant annual exhibition at Olympin the new Scottish models are noted with
The place occupied by Glasgow in the manu facturing life of the nation is indeed a
great one, and to some extent perhaps the crit may be accorded to the important place-given to practical training in the local industries AS SUPPLIED TO THE HOUSE OF
the educational systems of her great
and
training her, technical University centres. The present your is to be marked by an exhibition in Glasgow, and it is hopes that an attempt will be made to illus- trata for the benefit of the stranger within her gatos the many-sided activities of the West of Scotland.
LIGHTER ACTIVITIES, The lighter activities of this great, business Scottish firms mity are numerous and varied. have long ago won distinction for the making of biscuits, and there is no visitor who has inspected its numerous and excellently managed light food restaurants, which are to be found in
an
MUSTARD & COMPANY
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No. 22, Nusanto Boal, Corner of Scorbow Road, Shanghai (402
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all the main thoroughfares, who will deny that This vat was started by the late Robert Thorn in the particnter field Glasgow has achieved of Greenock and has been sold as No. 4 since 1831. something quite unique in meeting the needs of Thong great West of Scotland industries, the population which the, present Census will iron and coal trades, ows much of their pros probably show to have topped the round perity to the existence of the great Lenstkshire million. The transport needs, which arealways a problem in a grout city, are well served by coalfield, the yearly onipat of which is now some
electrio tramway service which has won the SCOTCH WHISKY. 17,000,000 tons, of which a considerable propor-
by the praise and imitation of other cities, and tion forms part of the export trade of the port, three great railways, the terminal stations of ma iron producing district the West of which bring the traffic into the heart of the Scotland once held the first place, but the The first quay at Glasgow was built tout advance of Cleveland, was uit to be denied, aity. The line terminus of the Caledonien Bail. 1662, and by 1792 the accommodation amounted The iron works at Carron were famons in the way is representative of modera practice in to 382 yards, with a water area of about 4 acres. latter years of the 15th century, and of the every respect, and both this company and the Now the quayage is 19,234 lineal yards and sight blast furnaces in operation in Scotland North British have underground lines for the the water area 325 acres. For many years four were connected with that establishment, accommodation of local traffic. An interesting which The importation of foreign ores was not feature is the circular cable subway
serves nearer suburbs like Partick and Govan. riverside quayage was sufficient for the require
Municipal ments of shipping, and it was only when front necessary in the early days of the industry
Glasgow, typical government sufficed age became exhausted that docks were added, and the native ores to make a reputation
for Scotch pig iren which it has never lost and not only the water supply but all other public utilities are under its control. This Dook in 1877-1830, and Prince's Dock in
purely the product of commercialism and which takes pride in that fact. There is still evident to-day that disposition to take full advantage of FEEKLY PRESS. July to Decsuber,
Of
Kingston Dock being opened in 1867. That the industry is a local one is made evident spirit is no doubt natural in a city which i
lineal
To provide for the growing requirements of the to the visitor, who will find blast furnaces in mineral
eral trade and for ita transference as much operation within the municipal boundaries of the as possible out of Glasgow Harbour, a new dock, city. Another ancient the Rothesay Dook, has been constrasted at of the tannin saint Glasgow industry is that Clydebank, about six miles below Glasgow. followed in the wake of pig iron manufacture The dock has an area of 20.43 acres and 2,044 During the past year important additions were The feature of the made to local plants, and a visitor to the lead Fards of quayage, dock equipment is the application of electricity ing establishments cannot fail to be impressed to the working of the coal hoists, cranes, trans- by the improvements which are being gradually porters, capstans, and turntables.. Following effected in manufacturing processes. The in- the decision to construct Rothesay Dock, the crease in capacity of outpat last year wes demand for more accommodation became so accompanied by a growth in the export trade,
and the outlook is fairly satisfactory. apparent that, in 1904, the trustees obtained powers to construct basins and quays at York- The close association of the West of Scot bill, and these works are now completed. They land with steel ranking needs no insistence, provide 1,137 yards of now quayage, with a and the great constructional engineers of the depth of 28ft. at low water and 40ft. at high district who built the Forth and Tower Bridges Water springs.
have made the name of Glasgow familiar in tho by Graving docks are a necessity in the arcom for corpora of the earth. The past year was modation of a part, and three docks have been no means a good one for structural engineera, built-the first opened in 1875,, the sacond in but while the reputation of the West of Scotland 1886, and the third in 1898. The largest of still stands high, the tendency to employ these existing dry docks is 880ft. long. A new ferro-concrets for purposes for which struc graving dock is to be built at Renfrew with stural steel was formerly the only material is length of 1,000ft. or more, and this will be one a modern development of which notice should of the largest in the world. This dock will be taken. An important branch of the local adjoin the fine workshop of the Trustees steel trade is the manufacture of armour plate recently built at Renfrew, and the location is and ordnance, which means that the great therefore a very convenient one. Other recent establishments of the Clyde are in a position to improvements include the new quay at Meadow contract for the building of a warship from the side, on the north side of the river, 1,616ft. laging of the bool until she is ready to be placed long. There is at present in couras of con- in commission. The existence of these works struction on the quay a goods shed 1,640ft. forms a national asset of the first importanse long by 100ft. wide set back 42ft. from the The,taba trade is another branch of the metal
the natural resources of the district which, com bined with the qualities of tenacity which are a natural characteristic, has made Glasgow one
of the greatest commercial centres of the world.
MILK FOOD. No. 1 From birth to 3 months.
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