THE EXPULSION OF JESUITS FROM PORTUGAL.
(Continued from page 5.)
a few weeks ago in the Spanish parliament, by the Premier Canalejas, in regard to defensive works said to exist in some roligious houses. How, then, what happened at Campolide, where the mob broke in, fooding corridors and private rooms, bursting opan everything, throwing about books and papers, and threatening to shoot the unfortunato inmates P Does not all this show that it would have been highly advantageous to have had some means of hindering the sack of the College, until the public force could come to the rescue?
In reality, however, there was nothing of the sort. In the whole building of Campolide were only a couple of guns for purposes of aport, when our professors went for a fortnight's holiday to a country house at Val de Royal. M toreover, these guns were not employed when the assault took place.
What, than, of the abots fired from our resid- anco.at Quothes? These shots wars the occasion for bitter calumnies against us, in an official note which has as yet not been contradictol by the
Provisional Government.
The General himself commanding. at Lisbon, who Wad appointed by the Repablio, neknowledged to tho ropresentative of the Paris Illustration that, as was clea ly proved, none of us had any hand in anything só done. Who it was that fired the shots, Pome being dressed in costumes found ir our rooms, can easily be understood, especially when we know what occurred at Campolide, where one of these pseudo-Jesuits who fell to the shot of one of his comrades was fonad under his eassock to be wooring his military uniformi, betraying his true character. It is certain, moreover, that two days prior to the assault on the Quelhas residence, ulf the futhors there had been arrested and imprisoned. As to the secret underground passages and com- munications by which these mythical Josuit riflemen made their escape, no one ever saw them to this moment. Moreover, the General in command has likewwise declared that there are no such subterrancan works excepting
narrow sewery.
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6TM, 1911
many of our opponents have expanded their But however we may differ in regard to such eloquence in vigorous donunciation of our matters, what kind of liberty would country, wealth, without reflecting on the circumstancesnjoy in which a theologian or moralist was not under which our raspits are enrolled and permitted to expres the doctrines in which he trained 1 The training in the Society is very believed or to writo in poriodicals on subjects of slow one who goes through the entire course is his special study? As to the journal (Porigual occupied in it for fifteen or even seventeen a letter from its Editor-in-chief pablished a few years. There are laoluded the ascetical train day ago may take the place of a reply. Ta it he ing of the Novitiate, then the literary and declares that during the latest phase of the paper, philosophical and the theological, and as a rala procisely that in which it was most ferosly there is introduced one of practical pedagogy for attacked for its polemiol attitude, the Society those who are to teach in the colleges. On the had no share whateror. other hand, the great majority of vocations to the Order were from the middle or lower classes, and the subjects had bat Bttle to obtain from their parents. It thus resulted that for the heary expenses necessary for this lengthy training of some two hundred priests and scholastice, about a hundred of whom were engaged in study at home or abroad, the sole rastres was the fund established by some of our own members who had devoted their owa fortunest this very purpose. I can here testify that the vast majority of ours in Portugal Dovor gave sught to the Bociety, either because they had nothing to give, or because superiors would not permit them, on account of the poverty of their relatives. Hence it resulted that the funds destined for the training and instruction of our young men wero wholly inadequate, and opal ent benefactors whose generosity might supply the deficit were but ra e in our country, where wealthy Catholics are few, and the fixed idea of Jesuit wealth hinders even our best friends from allowing me to benefit even by the large sams spent apon obaritable purposes.
¦
It saying this I have no desire to shirk responsibility, or to express disapproval of the energy displayed by the Catholic Pro Far from it. Trath must be vigorously championed, and the more to in proportion as the enemies of religion claim for themselves unrestrained licenos of language and calumny. They cannot indeed be fought with their own weapons, which honour and Christian charity forbid us to use, bat at least they must be encountered with unflinching courage and resolute independence.
A revolutionary journ 1 lately published a' letter of mine in which I asked a correspondent. to interest himself in obtaining support of those responsible for the Portegal. Isay nothing of the surreptitious publication of a private letter, nor of the insidious comments by which it was 30000- panted. I would only observe that the interent which I exhibited in this undertaking shows no more then that its general drift wes in accord with my own views. Is there any offence in this-even were a fact that the articles written during the last stage of this newspaper wore in reality oura
What, then, aboat our methods of acquiring
Finally, as regards the last elections, I mast inheritances Against this slander 1 protest absolutely deny the fables ciroulated concerning with all my energy. The fantastic pictures, my brethren by an unscrupulous Press. I ag frequently drawn in larid colours. by our nothing of the silly tales of Jesuits, crucifix in stemmies, BTO mere repetitions of
the hand, threatening all who voted for the time-worn fables invented by paws pl Government with everlasting damnation. Such leteer.. Seldom indeed haro legacies been bequeathed to as in Portugal, and in two cases spread these stories know about us. More than Boasense prove only bow little those who alone were they at all considerable. Had they this, not, ouo of my brethren took part in any been more frequent we shouli bave notably electoral propaganda. Some Catholics even will extended our progaganda, religious, education- be surprised to learn that very few of us record- al, literary, and likewise patriotio-both in our od eur votes, this abatention being justified in own country and its dominions over sea. How most cases for serious reasons, by which alone often in conversation with my brethren, when can it be justifie in such circumstances. spoicing of generous bequests made to the As to advice given by us when privately con- Misericordis, ant especially to that of waited, and in matters of consolence, I should So much for Quelhas. As to Campolice, IO Porto, have I not remarked on
the not say anything, but for the factitious indigna- may add that beneath the surface were cut vari terrible outry which would be aroused were any tion erhibited by the hostile Preas and its ona water channels, amongst them a fine cistern portion of sich wealth to be assigned to work misrepresentation of facts divorced from their constructed by one of my predecessors as direo of the Eovidy of Jesus, ter of the college. But although these chan. 3.-INVEIGHING YOUTHS TO JOIN THE OLDER,
The last Government of the Monarchy from nets had been inspected and their real character Never has it been thought blameworthy for its commencement not only showed itself die- understood, the Anti-Clorical Press did not host anyouo folurite others, by word or writing, tinetly Anti-Clerical, but after variously infring- tate to produce a sketch of one of them and to to join a asociation which he himself iug the rights of the Church, begau a persecution esteems, and whose prospority he accordingly of religious orders, affording clear evidence to desires; a religions man has riht to reall who did not choose to shat their eyes that commend any who possess the requisite qualities their purpose in regard to these was no other to join his order, and serve God therein.
than that exhibited in the-list decrees issued in must, however, make an exception in the case the King's name the day previous to his deposi of our Society, which will doubtless astonish tion,anderaltingly proclaimed in the public Press mong.
immediately after the revolution. Now, I would ask, what Catholic priest wishing to do his duty in face of such's state of things would not uplift tho. Haptist denounce what he holds to be his voice against so manifest a danger and with anlawful?
styleit" entrance to a subterranoon.”
the
I confess that I had never thònght I should one day be called upon to dofond myself against charge of such nrsenals and ambushes. Such Arabian Night tales, so frequent in the acobin Press, bad often amused my brothers and myself, and when about a twelvemonth since terrible stories about an arsenal at Campolids were being circulated, and a friend of mine who had ie ently been a Minister of the Crown, warned me that we should at last be obliged to provide against so assault. I answered plainly that we would rather have our lives taken than take
2 --WEALTH
those of others.
The belief in Jesuit wealth was so deeply rooted in Portugal; us to bo enter:ained tat only by our enemies, bat even by our best friends.
good of our
country.
Eupposing this belief to be well-grounded, why should it make us criminals? It woul beastrange measure to expel a man from his country morely becan-e he possessed a large sum of money But our reputed wealth was purely fabulous. without any foundation in fact. Would that the Society had notdally in Portugal abundant material resourecs wo should have no lack of good works on which to expond them for the But we had no #neb resoÜTÇES. Frequently after my appointment S Luperior, I had a hard struggle against griuvons difficulties to find means of supporting my subjects. So many are that with a view of dispelling them I the misconceptions regarding Jesuit property
long projected course of lestares On the subjost. I was, however, provented from do. ing as I wished by the incognita in which I was placed by Hints Ribeiro's decree (3). God knows what e mortifestion it was to me to have to assume a disguise imposed by law, but wholly repugnant to my own straight forward ness and natural ideas concerning truth as well as to the heartfelt love and admiration which I entertained for the Society of Josua,
|
i
I
We have special role forbidding as to advise anyone definitely to join the Society, or to do more than further what we believe to be a genuine vocation from God, withoutbay particu- lar determination. Such I know was the con- duct of all my brothies, and had they done otherwise they would not only have transgrassed their rais, but, moreover, have acted foolishly, In fat the first question put to a candidate for admission i whether he has been in fluenced by anyone in this way, it being cartain that a youth so attracted would not persevere. In truth, life in the Society demands such self-sacrifice and obedienco eo perfect that nothing but a genuine call from God can ensure fidelity, no human influence will avail for persavezance.
The long training, too, prior to the taking of final rows, affords such a guarantee of buman liberty as there is in no other state of life, for during all this period-extending, as I have said, to 15 or 17 years each of us may to released from the Bodety, as he surely will be if he have
not a real vanation.
circumstances.
many others, I was honoured with gratuitous On this particular question of politics, as on slander hy the enemies of the Society, who attributed to my government of the province a new direction given to the Society in Portugal. The trath is that neither as superior nor as counseller had I ever to interfere, as these insidious writers pretended, with the conduct of cars.
The policy of the Society of Jesus at the present day, as it has ever been, is that expressed In the Lord's Erayer, Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven."
The enemise of God and His Church esanet. forgive our combat for this ideal and our con stant endeavour for its realisation. Hence the implacable hostility wherewith we have ever been assailed, with chargos the most diverse which in
variona times and cironmstances have been found As a matter of fact, our enemies in Portugal serviceable against us. In every orase our provided us with abundant arguments to refute adversaries have proved to be those of God and this charge. For some weeks before the Rapab.the Catholic Church. papers published various letters of our Fathers what I say. It is alleged that we Jesuits are lic was proclaimed, the revolutionary news. What is now in progress proves the truth of to a young man who had intended for some time the worst enemies of the Republic, and mart to join the Soviety. These letters are models of accordingly he treated with exceptional severity. pradence, moderation, and spiritual houone, This is mero pretence. The Society has and whoarer, without prejudice or hood of the nothing to do with Republicas institutions as malicious comments in which they wore ombed-sach. When absolute monarchies were the rule dod, will but study these harmless epistles, so throughout the civiliset world, the foremost worthy of a good religious, will find in them a Jesuit writers already taught, on grounds of conclusive amwer to the slander against nu.
philosophy and divinity, the fundamental principles of damoorney, and at the present day one of our provinces are more prosperous or anjoy grister liberty than these established under Republios; it will be guflicious ta name those in the United States.
4. OUR BECKET ASSOCIATIONS. If there were any such among ne would it This matter will require but a few words. not be somewhat curious to find that those who If the government of the Society in prosecute us on this account are amongst the strictly monarchical, ita administration most infantial patrons of secret societies? is on the contrary extremely decentralised. However this may be, there is no accusation Each house ia separately administered, and more utterly false than this. The instituto and nothing can be more imaginary (han the bottom-zales of the Society are to-day-more than ever leas common pursa which has inspired so many falsehoods.
As a fast, if in Portugal, thanks t, the care ful administration of their superiors, the Jesuit bouses have been free from debt, they have usually pou-essed for comforts and have s metimes endured great hardships. Residences sabiated merely upon stipends for Masser und pranching, or alma spontaneously offered. In the colleges the great expenses required to provide one boys with board and lodging, with the comforts and amuse- monte they enjoyed (4), and still more with what was required to keep abreast of modern educa tional developments, all this I say obliged ns to interrupt car building works till the number of pupils should be muola inere eod.
The anti-religious movement of 1901 having alaried msuy families, so that the number of scholars decreased, it was found necessary to suspood operations. At a later period, when I
was myself made rector of the college, I con- trived to make considerable additions, but the troables stirred up by the revolutionary Press checked the work, which has been at a stand- still for two years. Such is the truth of our wealth in Portugal.
What am I to say of our Seminary Fand, that, I mean, which is devoted to the education of our own young men in the Society P. How
(3) The "decree, alluded tɔ is that of April 18, 1901, by which the Jesuit Order was compelled to have its statutes approved by the Government. Accordingly, they formed the Association Fee Patria," which was ruled by a President and a small Committee, so that offloially the sins of Provincial was little concerned. Torrond.
(4) It is romarkable that while by universal consent Campolide ranked at in respect of board, tuition, and hygiene as well as physical training, and while other colleges oharged £5 er £6 per mouth. Campolide never charged more than £4. In the provinces, at Boira, S. Fiel giving the same education, long exacted only £1 10s-only recently was the monthly fes raised to £2.
Among the recreations provided for our boys must not be forgotten the scientia excursions initiated at em- polide two years ago by myself along with Father Luizior, for the benefit of the elder students who were shoat to finish their course and proceed to the University, and were thus introduced to all branches of Natural History. The public schools which adopted the same rlan later on did but imitate us, and not so thoroughly.---(), Torrend.
open to all the world in every public library, It is true that since 1901 the Society has resum- ed a kind of peendo character in the eyes of the public and the law, but this was imposed upon us by statesmen who, though at the head of a Catholic Gov, rument, did not dare to grant to a religions order approved by the Holy See that liberty given us even in Protestant countries which have a true nation of freedom.
There is,, therefore, no such opposition as is protended between Jesuits and Republics.
at least we were cuti-republicans,
It will, however, be objected that in Portugal
But, in the first place, wherever it is situated, the Society, like the Catholic Church, inculcates loyalty to whatever form of govorniment is duly established. And Portugal was a monarchy,
A still more powerful reason, precinded our sympathy with the Republican movement in Portugal, namely, that the Republic as exhibited
in our national history was not the Republie We had therefors to nesame the paudonym of imagined by speculative sociologists. It is "Association for Faith and Fatherland" (AB-Republicans who make a Republic, and who a0bolás Fée Patría"). I must acknowledge were these in Portugal? With few very rare that, threatened as wo wore with dispersion and exceptions they were the declared enemies of lanishment, we were but too glad to obtain religion, either aromed unbelievers, or at best this simularcum of liberty, and to avail oursel wholly indifferent to all beyond politics, Could ves of any title under which might devat we, without taing false to our most cherished ourselves to the utmost for the benefit of religion principles, affect sympathy with such a party? and of Portugal. But, I repeat, it was un- willingly that we adopted this legal inengaito, actions that we were not wrong; just as the last They, themselves, undertook to show by their which morsoverhoodwinked nobody.
Government ander the Monarchy clearly showed The actual Republican Government took pos- session of our own official catalogues, in which by its action that we were not mistaken in its were recorded all our names and occupations.
regard They may the sae that we never thought dread of the revolutionary intolerance of these I must, howevor, acknowlege that for all my there was any reason to make a mystery of advocates of liberty, my simplicity was at fault, our existence or to shrink from letting it be since I never dreamed of what we are witcessing known to the fall that wo bear a title to-day. which we esteem next to that of Christian, namely, of religious of the Society of Jesus.
5. POLITICAL AND ANTI-REPUBLICAN ACTIVITY. Opinions expressed in certain articles of the Mensageiro, whispere of later years concerning our share in the polemics of the newspaper named Porturf, and innumerable fictions about the Jesuits, or occasion of the late elections: such were the causes of the noensation that we meddled with politics.
6-REACTIONARY INFLUENCE.
As it soms to me, I have replied to all pretexts alleged to justify all the arbitrary liberty of which my religious brethren and the spoliations and outrages against tyranny, myself have been the victims. It remains only to speak of what is proclaimed as the final motive of the laws enacted against us, that our influence reactionary.
Well! our enemies are right1 If this As for the Mensageiro, its articles are upea the Catholic Church, self-renunciation for resotinary spirit signifies fidelity and love for to all who choose to read them, and the doctrines Christ's sake, earnest endeavour that no jot or there expressed ne to the responsibility of the tittle of His Law be neglooted if it means that olectorate in regard to legislation and its excou- tion, as to the solidarity of the members of our of active and fearless Catholics, who will not we have striven to produce in Portugal a body party, Ita traditions; programme, and political contine themselves to prayers, but will labour life, are after all only those which are oom by word and deed to renewal all things in Christ; men amongst every people with whom the that to this end we employ every means within principles of civic oniturs and the social obliga-our rasch, the pulpit, the confessional, lecture. tions of Catholis have not been so lamentably ships, the Press, in order thus to promote the forgotten as with us. Only those who realise glory of God and astration of souls-then in how utterly all signored which has been venti tenth we are reactionaries, and guilty of the lated in these subjects outside Portugal, by offence laid to our charge, episcopal pastorals, ecclésiastical instractions, and the zealous propaganda of the Prese, con explain the astonishment of many, Portuguese to whom oonclusions concerning morals and conduct which elsewhere were familiar to all seemed altogether novel.
every hand we hear our enemies proclaiming. Strange offence, indeed, in a country where on liberty of conscience, of speech, of the Press! Strange offence of which to be accused by men who denounced the Monarchy for suppressing freedom,
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an offence to be pauished by those who are never weary of declaring that every insu must be allowed to propagate and fight for his own ideas.
corselves for their disagreement hy-inflicting Yet what else did we do P. Were we ever known to enforce the agreement of others or to avenge upon them what we love ourselves endured Ne, it cannot be said that such conduct was ever acrest, imprisonment, confiscation, banishment?
berty who, instead of responding with reason cura; it is peculiar to those false prophets of and argament, sask to redues us forcibly to silence, or to crash as with fasalt and declame- tion, The Tablet translation.
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Mr Giles, Mrs and Miss Meos and Mr C. Sung. | and C. M. Jackson,
Per Haiyeng, from Const Forte, Mr Aming, Per Zaire, from Manila, Mr_J. C. Ogbn. Mini Alovoar, Mr and Mrs J. S. Rees, Dr. and Per N.T.K. str. Herazo Mary, from London. Mrs Murray, Mr Bradmon and Mrs O. Harodla. 7th January Mr J. H. Barton, Miss H. Mao- Per Mongolia, from San Francisco, &s, Mr Dowell, Mrs E. Tutcher, Mr 7, Black, Mrs 0. H. Adam, Mr J. R. Albers, Mr and Mrs Clay Brockett, Mr A. Morricon, Mr oud Mrs L. Chuh, Anderson, Mrs L. E. Bray, Mr P. C. Baugard Masters E D., G. R. and A Cheh, Mri Dunn, ner, Miss Marguerite Butters, Hon. F. W. Mr and Mrs C. Davies, Mr C. A. G. Roberts, Carpenter, Miss P. Clark, Mr L. O. Ca bert, Mr H Sykes Thompson, Mr. M. Tanzald, Lt. Mine K. Cornell, Mrs E. H. Crouse, Mr L. L.-L. B. Hill, Mine L. Shirley, Mr T. Otsuka, Lt. Day. Mr and Mrs A. B. Dewey, Mr C. H. H. Mitchell, H. H. Wada, Major S. Kaskil, Dickie, Mr W, G. Eccleston, Mr and Mrs F. C. Mesara U Beppa, S. Midsuzawa, Y. Tanaka, Y. Froy, Mr F. C. Frey, Jr, Miss France Frey, Unnio, R. Nakamura, K. Mizutaal, 8. Hosoda, Dr. W. J. Galbraith, Mr C. G. Bartlett, Mr Otanka, T. Hosaka and T. Kodama, Mra Henry S. Gaus, Mr. and Mrs H. F. Getz, Mr Uyenishi and 4 children, Mr and Mrs A. and Mrs J. N. Glover, Mr N. E. Gorton, Mr E. Watanabe, El. Green, Mr C, O. Hagan, Mr and Mrs H. L.. Hershey, Col. John Hicks, Mr P. Halloran, Mr
STEAMERS PASSED THE CANAL I. O. Jones. Mr. J. D. Kehlmann, Jr, Miss M. A. Kolp, Miss Emma Landis, Mr Edward R.
January 17th-dragonia, Benderan, Nore, Yaldo, Yorck, 20th-Canton, Ningehow, Pelho, Lewis, Mrs Oscar Long, Mr R. O. Ludwig Peleus. Sikh 24th-Breconshire, Ghazee, Ton Miss D. Marnia, Mr and Mrs W. W. Markin, Alesia, Glenfarg, tirano Maru. 27th quarit and 2 children, Mr and Mrs J. C. Look Alinous, Moyune, Ningehow, Pak Ling, Arabia. wood, Mr M. J. Obeyza, Mr G. N. Perdue, Dr 31st Dengloc, Ceylon, Koranna, Glamorgan and Mrs CV. Piper, Mr J. D. Powell, Mr W.
alire, Palawan. February 3rd-4jas, Astyanaz,
H. Schwerin, Mr and Mrs F. G. Schworn, Mr Austria, Brasilia, Goeben, Kaga Maru, atop
Mr C. M. Simmons, Mr Delmar Smith-Clinton, Me I. T. Spiegel. Dr. H. E. Stafford, Mr and Mrs E. Staley and infant, Mr. G. W. Tewks- bury, Mr and Mrs J. P. Wiessenhagen. Miss
Princess Alice, Somali, Tango Maru.
ARRIVALS AT HOME. February 3rd-Kawachi Maru, Komang Si,
M. Wilson, Mr W. E. Winslow, Comdr. V. E.Ville de la Ciotat, Stock, R.N., Mrs F. M. Alloa, Mrs Edward į Courtland, Mr W. M. du Bois, Mrs Evans, Miss: Arnett, Miss Kranenberg, Mrs B. du Pree, Mr JL. Parks, Mr T. J. Jansson and servant, Bov, Geo Harlow, Mr A. Kramer and servant
AN "DEPARTED.
or
ON SALE.
A TABLE OF THE
RATES OF EXCHANGE AT
HONGKONG
Demand Drafta on London on the day of preceeding the departure of the English
Mails; also Table of the Yearly
Per Asia, for San Francisco, &à, Mr. A. H. Young, Mr Goo. Foster, Mrs B. Ormsby, Mr and Mrs C. Gaspar, Miss A. E. Fitch, Me and For Mr F. C. James, Mr A. W. Cole, Mies E. M, Burlingame, Mr B. Powell, Mr L. von Houten, Mr and Mrs Bafford, Dr. G. Howell, Miss 8. Melrose, Mr and Mrs P. Smith, Miss E. Smith, Mr J. Smithi, Mr Wm. E. McDonough, Mrs F. 1. Cogswell, Mr and Mrs L. T. Grant, Mr C. Pass
Approximate Averages for 36 years
From 1974 to 1909.
Price $2 Cash. On sale at the "DAIL
Office, or Local Booksellers,