16
XIX, Belgian Treaty Art. XLIV; Spanish Treaty Art. XVI; Italian Treaty Art. XIX, quoted from Fox, British Admirals and Chinese Pirates 1832-1869
4 Turnbull, supra, p 255
4 Buckley, An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore pg 756; The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce, 13 Oct 1857
"Emerson Rupert, Malaysia - A Study in Direct and Indirect Rule, Chap 2. p 91
46 Hall DGE, A History of South East Asia, p 511
47 Ibid, p 511
* Mills LA, British Malaya 1824 – 1867
49 Act 24th George III Cap 25;
174
NB: This act was retained until 1858, when England assumed full control of India. However, the policy of non-intervention in the Malay States still continued until 1874.
50 Philips, The East India Company 1784 - 1834, Chap 2, p 32
si Purcell, Malaya, Outline of a Colony, Chap 6 p 70; Jones, Public Administration in Malaya, Chap I p 8
52 Mills, supra, p 174
Tan DE, A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore, Chap 9 p 119
54 However, it should be made clear that in the pre-1874 era, the nature of intervention was limited. Though there were cases of British intervention in the Malay States, their actions were “inactive” or passive. The governors were often reminded of the official non-intervention policy, and this policy remained unchanged until 1874, when a new law (the Pangkor Engagement) was observed.
Cases of non-intervention
The EIC's non-intervention policy started from the earliest years of British rule