DIG
CFLON FOR HONGKO
think of ANCIENT WINDMILLS OF THE WORLD...
Windmills. we often WHEN we think of
imagine tall metal skele- tons with fins whirling around in a circle at the top.
But for almost 1,000 years,
windmills meant great, husky giants of stone or wood. Usually they had four sails, also called arms, which made powerful sweeps hun- dreds of feet around as they caught the wind.
Huge sails
Of course, windmills couldn't work when there was no wind. And they couldn't work if the wind was blowing in the wrong direction. Some
smart miller found a cure for this situation.
He built a mill that could foundation. This If the
a
turn on its was called a post mill. wind was blowing the Wrong way, he hitched his oxen to
the rear of the long post in structure. The oxen then turned the mill to face the wind.
Until electricity came to Another type of mill was then the smock Europe, farmers used windmills invented-called
mill. The man
In this
the to grind their grain.
type, only who operated a mill was called dome turned to face the direc- the miller.
tion of the wind,
knows
One of the most popular types Almost everybody
in Holland-a nation noted for someone named Miller. This its windmills-was the tower means that long ago somebody mill. This was stationary be in his family probably operated
cause the wind direction hardly a mill
ever changed.
As the arms of the mill spun, a shaft was turned. inside the building, sending great stone grinding wheels around and around, crushing the grain
to flour.
The 17-21 Club's five rules
When men learned how to grind grain with machines run by electricity, steam or other engines that didn't depend од wind, the great windmills be-
gan to disappear from the European landscape.
оде
England and Holland each had about 10,000 mills at time. Now England hardly has
any.
about Holland only has 1,000. These are now used most- ly to pump water in the Dutch canals.
ancestors.
are
American type windmills look very little like their Euro- pean
They generally used to pump water.
Some of them generate elec-
to
O Membership in the 17-21|tricity farmhouses. One Club is open to all windmill was built in Rutland,
within that age group.
Vermont with two 175-foot sails. It could supply enough elec-
O Contributions and all actricity for a small town.
tivities of the Club will be limited to members only.
O Contributions may consist
of anything that is publishable articles, letters, stories, photo- graphs, drawings, verses. But only the best will be printed.
O All contributions MUST
be original.
O Written contributions should not consist of more than 350 words, photographs and draw- ings will only be accept- ed in black-and-white.
-MEMBERSHIP.
Fill this in and send it to the China Mail, 1:3 ̊ Wyndham Street, Hongkong.
Name
Age Occupation Address
B
that never
went
to sec
Smock Mill: Stationary except for the dome, which is turned to face the wind.
Post Mill: The whole mill turns to catch the wind in its sails.
Tower 3 The only morable parts of this mill are the sails.
American Type: These windmills are used mostly to pump water on farms.
When they test these big model airplanes
Huge steel wind tunnel makes a full-grown man seem like a dicarf. Tunnel is at Langley Aeronautical Laboratory.
WHILE WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY WHAT GRAVITY IS, WE DO KNOW MUCH ABOUT HOW IT WORKS.
SALILEO (ON THE LEANING TOWER AT FISA) PROVED
THAT DIFFERENT WEIGHTS FALL AT THE SAME RATE - A NEW IDEA AT THE TIME. GRAVITY IS IMPORTANT IN THIS SPACE AGE....
ALL OBJECTS EXERT GRAVITY... THE STRENGTH DEPENDS ON THE MASS ANDITS DISTANCE
FROM ANOTHER BODY.
EARTH'S GRAVITY (ITS"GRAVISPHERE') REACHES ABOUT 4 MILLION MILES INTO SPACE.
EARTH
EARTH
1
ITSELF WILL HAVE A SPHERE OF GRAVITY.
BUT IT WILL BE EXTREMELY WEAK.
MOON
EVEN A SPACE SHIP
36,000 MILES ZONE OF BALANCE*
£202,000 MULES
BILLARTER
CNLY A SLIGHT PUSH WOULD SENDA CREWMAN OFF INTO SPACE ...
you'd better stand back
from the big wind
AT a signal, the gigantic turbine began spinning.
It whirled faster and faster, manufacturing "The Big Wind." In minutes a hurricane-like gale screamed down the wind tunnel. It tore at the firmly fastened airplane model. The Big Wind blasted against, over and around the model, and on down the tunnel. More wind beat on the small model at over 2,000 m.p.h.
The model stayed rooted, Connected to these aircraft locked in the grip of the hold- models are many wires. The ing rod. As the wind whizzed wires lead to instruments cut- past it began unlocking secrets side the wind tunnel. In the of flight.
wind tunnel the model being swept by 2,000 mph winds is actually behaving the way a full- scale plane would do at 2,000 miles-per-hour.
These winds show how new type airplanes will fly. The winds can tell by swishing past small models of the real plane.
4 ACTUAL COURS
INTENDED COURSE
ATEDEE OF ERAVISPHERE" ERAVITY WOULD BE ALMOST NIL, BUT COULD STILL INFLUENCE THE PATH CF. A SPACE SHIP.
... SO THERE WALL SE NO 'SWIMMINS'İN SPACE WITHOUT A LIFELINE.
So the wind, plus the braits of scientists, combine to seek out the many secrets this new- type airplane holds. How will it-fy? Will it land at low speed? Will it go into a death spin? The man-controlled horricane finds out
Full scale
L the winda shỏ, that the experimental modet would crash At, 537)* 1,503 my2; then-z- full scals, reat phase would akʊ pro- bably crash at that spezi
In many wind tunnels across the country, new, undreamed of types of airplanes. helicopters (and-space Lips, too). are be- ing blasted by superspeed winds.
Our rides in temetry's jet transport planes will be safe, thanks to findings Afwinds slamming into models of the real thing.'
JUR
RONAL