CHINA MAIL SATURDAY, JULY
WORLD'S EYES ARE
IN
ON THIS TRIAL
West Germany the Eichmann affair has resulted in such a violent rash of new proceedings against former Nazis that Germans, much against their inclinations, are forced to relive some of the most dramatic and em- barrassing phases of their last-war history:
But no trial will be watched with greater interest than that of the balding, corpulent and be-' spectacled 61-year-old insurance man, by the Lame of Max Simon, who used to be a ram- rod-straight- proud Lleutenant- General in Himmler's Waffen SS, the military wing of the fanatical Nazi Black Guards,
The case against him was begun towards the end of last month. But to quay on-lookers It rooms that it is not only ex- General Simen, but German Justice which will be on trial.
Its a case to render for those who plead for Eichmann to be handed over to German justice.
The facts
of Simon's case are not in dispute. They take 119 back to April 1945: the days in which Hitler's Germany. was
falling apart under the ham- merblows of the Western Allies,
No question
American tanks were con-
GERMAN NEWSLETTER-
From Willi Frischauer
Bonn.
time. Neither had much stomach sentences and ordered them to gups in Simon's ragged defence death. Simon confirmed: the for carrying on the hopeless be carried out. The unfortunate night. Morale was below zero. victims of Hitler's justice were One Johna Roader, then aged hanged in consticious places,
The Americans, who eventual- 50, a gardener with sore foot,
make-shift home ly captured Simon, sentenced guard uniform, decided that he him to death. In 1948 his sen- could make no further useful tence was commuted contribution to Hitler's effort. He went home.
wearing
A
to like and in 1954 he an
WA Fe became.
was
the first rea
idence to show
lamerica's airzoman idol never came back
Did Amelia Earhart meet
her death
as a spy?
ALL over Amerien that day men and wom
standing in the rush-hour bus queres, for
insurance agent and did fairly to shove, forgot to be irritable. They we well fer himself.
The following year Germined into stillness by the black letters apre letice went into action.it this the front pages of their evening newspap is the right word. Simon was.
Short shrift A ¡A local farmer, Hanselmann, thought that it was madness to sacrifice the lives of teenagers in Hitler Youth uniform, so he took higher orders as excuse. He away their weapons and sent had only acted in accordancef them home. The local Nazi leader and the Mayor of Bret with the notorious Fuhrer Crdar
verging on the area of Rothen- theim (both in their late 50's) bufg and surrounding villages aided and abetted Hanselmann which the remnants of Simon's In his humanitarian enterprise. once powerful 13 SS Army When these happenings came Corps were still trying to defend to the knowledge of the Nazi although there was no question military authorities they acted but that the war was lost for Germany.
Aged Volkssturm men (Home Guards) and teenage Hitler Youths were recruited to All the
as they saw it in accordance with Hitler's orders 10 make short shrilt of deserters.
The four men were summarily and sentenced
tried to
11,000 wanted ‘cloak
+
and dagger' job
Russia 'not for amateur snooper' Washington, DC. MORE than 11,000 Americans have applied to the "cloak and dagger" department of the U.S. Government for spying jobs similar to that of Captain Francis Powers, the U2 pilot. In fact, many asked specifically to fill his vacancy.
One airman applied so often that the Central Intelligence Agency, US, spy headquarters, started calling him "Captain Midnight."
We used to get about 40 ap- plications in a week," said a CIA spokesman. "After the U-2 incident
they sky-rocketed About 300 per cent."
by
ten replaced
transistor radio transcritters the size of a clenrette lighter, paraboli microphones, the aqualung, and the inflatable acroplane,
indicted for maider but clained
Referred back
In October 1953. he acquitted for lack of evidence, was he public, prosecutor's appeal was heard in 1958 and the case was referred to a Nuremburg Once more Siman, was court. acquitted for lack of evidence."
In 1959, this verdict quashed once more and the case was referred back to the original court. The public prosecutor claims that Siman trad broken the law by allowing the four men to be summarily tried-and- confirming the sentence.
Was
AMELIA EARHART MISSING.
Today that name is no more than a fading memory. But in the years between the wars was a legend. Amelia Earhart was a record-break- ing filer of many achievements. And the greatest of them all was that she became an ideal for a generation.”“
Those were the years, re-. member, when America's "icst generation" turned to bootleg gin and hectic living in a vain, asser→ tive attempt to find some new, more satisfying way of life.
Never was a nation's youth more in need of a symbol.
In Amelia Earhart it found-
Now the cumbersome process one. She was boyish-looking of the law creaks into operalión; and beautiful. She personified again The court will have to zest and freedom from tawdry decide, whether, in sentencing things. and executing the four war- weary: Germans, the SS general has acted illegally. Whether, in fact, he was obliged to obey the outrageous Fuhrer “Order.
And this is the crux of the matter which has a bearing on ever heard in West Germany. the Eichmann case, if it were The question is whether Each mann, like Simon, could ask for exoneration because he acted on. Hitler's orders.
The oath
Like Simon, Eichmann was an SS officer. Like Simon Eichmann had sworn an oath 'of allegiance to Hitler, Like Simon, Eichmann could claim to have simply carried out orders.
The modern agent must have the ability to "dt down with a sheet of paper and solve com- plex, original problems," in the opinion of Arthur T. Hadley, a
With the eyes of the world on them the jurors of the German He revealed that the agency CIA man of the war. would be unable to accept any "He needs the same deep, in-court who will be trying Simon of the applications. "The Soviet trospective knowledge of him-are confronted by a portentious Union is no place for the self that the ideal psychiatrist amateur scoper."
elee
The 1960spy must be a technical specialist, un tronics genius.
The disguises and code books, the cloaks and daggers, have
needs."
The personality of an agent was becoming one of the most important factors in choosing spy, said Hadley.
London Tigers Service).
Fly
The Rey
task
Because, as they consider their accused of causing the death of verdiet on Simon, who is four people, the world is think- ing of Eichmann whose dreadful score is-6,000,000,
-London Express Service),
Houses tu
Key cities of the Orient
Flying to key cities of the Orient, THAI INTERNATIONALS BoyRI Orchild Service offers a new and fascinating experience in airline travel
Colourful interior decor
luxurious appointments courteous mull-lingual cabin attendanta Aus food from the most modern fight kitchen in the Far East
Douglas DC-8B's pilated by experiensed BAS-trained fight orowa, all combine to make your journey by the unique and exolic Röyül Orchid Service a flight to remember.
Frequent services. Convenient travel limen Luxurious First Class with passenger lounge. Spacions Tourist Class with smple leg room and folding tables.
c/o SAS Scandinavian Airlines System
THAT
WORLD WIDE GENERAL
SALES AGENT: LZE - SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM.
because, like Charles Lindbergh, They called her Lady Lindy she flew the Atlantic alone (the arst woman to do so). She made adventurous solo flights. tances greater than ever before across the Pacific, covering dis attempted by a lone aviator. Then came the flight that to end in tragedy.
Almost routine
AMELIA EARHART WITH FRED NOONAN, har navigator on that last fateful trip.
THE ELECTRA. the twin-engined plane in which airwoman Earhart hoped to girdle the toorld at the Equator.
by SUSAN BARNES
But the navy was "unable to and any trace of the two filers or their plane.
It must have been in trouble, for it swooped law and flopped on its belly in the harbour."
On July 19 the search was Josephine had a special pass called off.
Prisoners
to the Japanese military area near the harbour. And the guard allowed her through the gate.
Josephine found her brother- The in-law. He was greatly excited:
everyone seemd to be.
Then the rumours began. first and most persistent was that Amelia and Noonan were prisoners of the Japanese.
"
The American woman! Comé and see the American woman."
They had the story went, Josephine and her brother-in- flown over islands being illegally law joined the knot of people fontifed by the Japanese. The who gathered to watch, plane had been shot down by anti-aircraft guns and the pilot They saw the American and navigator had been held as woman standing next to a tall man in a short-sleeved sports shirt. They were surprised be There was a theory that Amelia cause the woman was not dress- a woman usually dresses.
were anxious to get home. They circling, but cannot hear you,
But the pilot and the navigator, And at 7.58 am.: "We are sples. knew they could maintain ridle. Go ahead on 7,500 either now Earhart had been asked by the ed as contact with the US. Coast or on schedule time of half- was Guard cutter Itasca, which was- hour.”
US. Navy to "get lost" in the She wote & man's shirt and South Pacific, so that naval trousers, and instead of long hair, anchored off Howland Island, and could help to guide them by A's on 7,500 kiloxycles
Itasca sent out a long series of planes, while ostensibly "look she wore hers cropped short, like
ing for her, could take photo a man's radio in an emergency.
graphs of the illegal Japanese fortifications.
So at 10 o'click on the morn-
Just
On June 1, 1937, Amelia and ing of June 2 the Electra roared her navigator, Fred Noonan, down the runway of Lae clizbed into a Lockhena Electra 20 flying hours ahead lay the plane in Miami, Florida, and island of Howland. They were headed east. Their akit to due there at 6 q.m. (8 am. How girdle the world at its Equator. land time] on July, 3.
Despite the total length of Throughout the night the her route-27,000 miles there Electra and the cutter Itasca was nothing particularly hazard- kept radio contact There was ous about this enterprise. No a great deal of static. Itasca record distances were to be at- could hear Amelia's voice, but seemed to be almost a routine ligibles tempted in single hops. It most of the words were unintel
operation.
Days passed. Continents pass- ed. Twenty thousand miles were conquered.
thousand remained:
Frightened,
Anxious men
Never doubted
The US Navy has officially denied that it sent Amells Ear- Amella responded: "We are hart on a mission. The Japanese receiving your signals, but are Government has always denied woman were white and drawn, The faces of the man and unable to get a minimum[for a
as if they were' ül bearing]. Please take a bearing knowledge of her.. on us and answer with voice on 3,105," !
were
The rumours seemed nonsense,
The American woman and her But were they?
companion were led away by At 645 am, Amelia's volcé
Japanese soldiers. They Turn the clock on seven years taken into the woods. Shota broke in on 3,105 kilocycles. It to July 1844. The scene is the rang out. The soldiers returned was lold and clear and island of Salpan, in the Marianas alone. frenzied. We are in a line of 1,400 miles off New, Guinea: It position 157-337. Will repeat this had been a Japanese colony be- message on 6,210 kilocycles,
Wait, listening on 6,210 kilo- for the war, and had been cap- Cycles. We are running north tured by the Americans. and south."
Only seven At 6.15 am, tension entered? In the radio room in Itasca the radio room of Itasca. Above anxious men strained to, bear
They heard nothing.
Snapshots
There, in an abandoned Japanese barracks, some Marines found an album. filed with
Electra again ever.
They were not to hear from snapshots of a white woman
"Blying kit
It was July 1. Amelia had the static Amelia's voice sudden the message repeated on 8,219. wanted to be home by the Fourth Yy sounded clearly. And it of July. She was going to be sounded frightened. Late. She was still in Lae, New This time the words could be Guinea, with the longest leg of made out: "Please take a bear- the flight just ahead-the 2,556 ing on us and report in half- miles from Lae 10 Howland Is- hour. I will make noise in land, a dot in the middle of the microphone: About 100 miles Pacific Ocean..
Faulty.
There were good reasons for delaying the take-off. There:
-out."
She had stopped speaking, however, before the direction finder could take a bearing from her voice.
At 742 am, Amelia's voice were no records to be, broken; high and frantic burst into the and Amelia and Noonan were cutter's radio room, tired. Noonan's navigation in- struments had become faulty; an
"We must be on on," she
Amelia Earhart and. Fred The C
How likely is it that Josephine Blanco could have invented her story? And for what purpose? If for pront, she had had, tor more than 10 years after the American invasion, the opper- timity to capitalise on her sen- sational news.
Dr. Sheft has never doubted her story, and for many years in. he has hoped that a thorough
examination of the facts wond be made. They were. woman? : There is novas Noonan and their plane were doubt at all. It was Amelia Amelia Earhart could have lost somewhere in the South Bathart-
ended her fight at Saipan. It Pacific. The news signal for one of the greatest ait just made public for the fist at the time, it would have taken was the And, according to evidence Howland Island as was believed the were, indeed, headed for
sen searches ever known.
time* by Captain Paul L. Briand an error of about 100 degrees in An aircraft carrier with its fun, of the US Air Force reading her compass to have full complement of planes. a Academy there is excellent rea landen ber at Belpan. But she battleship, four minesweeper, and a seaplane Earhart should be found on Sal error before.
destroyers, a son why snapshots of Amella had made just such an uniicely rushed to join Itasca in the pan 161,000 square-mile search area. For occording to a rehable her navigator was mapping, and If she had turned north while
error of 15 seconds on the precl; told the Itasen. "But cant see If the plane bad come down evetness, Amelia Earhart us be had awakened in time to see sion instruments would mean a you. But gde is running love. on an, island, it would be easy en on Saipan in July 1937 islands, he would have, assumed mistake of one mile in the post- Been unable to reach you by to discover. If it had hit the sea after se, had crush-landed in they were the Gilbert, when in tion computations, And How radio. We are firing at dititude her empty gas tanks would have the harbour land Is a very small island, 1,000 feet.
kept her aflost indefinitely.
Still vivid
This piece of evidence was discovered purely, by thande)
In 1948 e navy demist named Dr Carlmer Shert with practice in Selpan, was diene sing Amelia Earhart's
{appearance with a fellow
dentist Suddenly the doctor's Japanese assistant Josephine Blanco, interrupted.
She had seen an American" woman filer FOBIN VECTE ago nine or tenon Saipan./1. American woman, Adore khala clothes and had hair cut like a man's="
fact they were the Canaline lands exactly the same stance away but in the wrong direction, Amelia Carhart's last report at 8:45 am gave ber line of position as 157-337. The navy's exhaus Live search satisfied judgments that the line was not a radio line, bus undoubtedly a sun line. A sun-lite 20 Belgen at that:zdím:
uessed,
The fit
at least.
at he was Boré
se ut he
All that he calcula
Tom he was near Howland, would Josephine Blantor who now have applied to Saipen if Amelia lives in California, was only 11 Baburt had erred in her stiering years old at the time. But the during the night. Incident, was still vivid in Her
mind