Cummings
MACHIU
LAST
HOPE" PLAN FOR
CYPRUS
THE CHINA MAIL, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1958.
"Take it away! I'd rather fight to the last drop of every Cyprus baby's blood!"
ALREADY HERE! THE TIME
Leo WHEN ONE MACHINE
GIVES MORE ANSWERS
(AND QUICKER) THAN 300 CLERKS
HE clerk, complete with
THE
stool, inky fingers and innumerable
is ledgers,
about to become obsolete. That symbol__of__drudgery and harassed humanity, portrayed
50 many
by
writers in the past, is being eliminated by automation.
The last word in electronic gadige- try--the matomalle office--is replacing
n. In a wond, tas
This most famous of all Brinch electronic computers, male by J. Lymps & Company Ltd., can produce roline Oce culations faster, and JO aerarately.
clerks than 500 working oi top speed).
The name
1 derives its name from Lyons Electronic Office. The association of this dem, noted for its reputation in teashops tea, ice-cream and Swiss Foils, and this most complex of 20th- century machines, the electronic "bral in both old and fascinating.
Even that stolid body, Tays Agency, has been moved to coNALIZUOTAL fort.
The path from tersisos te a logical computers is actually
one. Ever since the first teashop was opened by Lyons in Piccadil-
ly in the early 1890s the fitu has had to face tising moun- tain of paper work.
Paper to check the bills given to Corner House
Tiir
LEO
This is the office of the future. Space, light, the steady hum of machinery, and on the cathode ray screens a changing pattern of green dots.
report punched the CDSAC could da intricate This is typical of the sout of maller home. "Lyons arcuples mathematical calculations, this by-product produced by the fask "brain." Its planners pride a key position: no one else here, was generally an easier as far as
of themselves on leaving no loose
Anished the Job.
we can learn, Jus than computing the mass tylised the for-reaching prasi- day-to-day clerical work. bilities of the computer," they wrote.
At that time, in fact, not one nunufacturer
business machine customers!
paper to check the goods sent to them: paper in provide incives
the thousands of keepers locking Lyors
for
Bry
12151-
ducts; enough paperwork to prve vide un
of clerks
with nightmares for the rest of their working lives, The m. rapidly powing menace, always made a point of keeping ut eye on the latest advances in clerical efficiency.
aware
3t
this has
WOR
Men have been sent round the world looking at and resetang ideas to keep offfee the new work within bounds. within this programme that the story of Leo was born-on trip made by two senior execu- tives to America in 1947.
So excited
i::
Fast rate
The
problem lay
pace
to
In
the
ends untied by the time Leo has
Payrolls are only one of the
This
faili in
showed
many jobs undertaken by Lev the for yous. In Novemba 1954. in the world had contemplated, mountain of figures which
in was consume
given the frightening the idea of adapting a computer machine had to
ihe скас order to for business purpose.
work out the answers. task of working out
with its own quotas of about 250 items to bo **15
wrote To keep possible." Tatanpson and
machine had to. be supplied to each of the 200 Standingfal, speed the
fast tenshops in the greater London to play a passive rule by mere fed information at a very
area. had to be given a ly keeping in touch with deve rate, and lopment
store all these bul such a role would "memory"
considerable not enable us
to have any facts.
The machine. Never influence on the
kind of ma- By 1961 the computer
was before had A computer been chines built."
ready, but the special equip-
tight ment to make it do its job pre- asked to werkt to such a
schedule, perly was tili undeveloped. And so tho work continued, As nobely was building the while the computer earned its tackling mathe- machines Igors wanted
and, dally bread noberly we proposing to do so, mutical questions. the beurd of management decided
There Was demand for its services. Instilufe of Actuaries and the
Work began
to "go it alone." I
immediate
The
Rapid action
WHILE THE WHOLE WORLD WATCHES THE SKY, SEE HOW MOSCOW IS READY TO MOVE UP ON FOOT....
Now The Russians Plan
WHILE the eyes of
the world, are fixed on the skies wondering what Moscow will send up next, the Russians have been quietly laying plans for a scientific coup on the ground.
can
After attending. the Moscow International meeting of the Geophysical Year, reveal that the Russian selentisla дго planning to "out-Fuchs" Sir Vivian Fucha In the Antarcše,
Longer.
A 'Super-Fuchs'
By Angela Croome
A Ruslan expedition had to halt 400 miles short of its objec- live last sengon. No one has ever been to this God-forsaken
and spot
only
Aircraft ono fight has been near.
Too cold
I is thought to lie nearly 15,000 feet above the sea and mun stationed there may have la work in oxygen masks, It is unlikely the temperature ever goes above freezing, even in the summer, and will probably nose- dive to 160 degrees of frost in
bu 31, 1958. But Antarctic International Geophysics are to go on for at least another five years;
They will mareli forward on a Irrond, consolidated front,
No one is yet prepared to although the scientific battalions atcount for this extraordinary come from 12 different countries. cleft, but it is one of the most
The United States and Russia important discoveries yet made will stil make the most massive about this strange, deep-freeze and spectacular contribution, continent.
Australia and Great Britain While Bio Ob has been prob will continue in their quieler ing under the southern scan, way, doing fine, solid research- tho Americans have been as they have bờm doing in the polding into the southern leo cop. area since the war.
icc plateau 10,000 feet New Zealand, rather a relue- deep Americans have drilled tent member of the Antizetic down more than 1,000 feet, and club Ull now has decided to taken out almost all the core of follow up strongly her magnif- bus drill.
cent work last year with record- This means they have dug up breaking dog teams and Hillory's the Antarctic weather back to inspired freelancing. the 13th century-for some of ch year's mow Bever melts like the rings ha tree. and forms a layer in the ice cap,
They will carry out a traverso of the ice-cap from sea to sen al to right angles
On the British scientifle team's route. The dis- Lance will be considerably greater (nearer 3,000 miles) and the terrain an even more uncer. toin quantity than the first leg of Sir Vivien'a journey,
The party will er oft in winter. October, 1959, from the main Even the land-picked Arctic Russian slation, Mirny, which Russians chosen for this chore faces towards Australin The are not likely to be able to face plun is to nach the Belling- deep winter at inaccessibility. hausen Sen on the Grahamland They will build a robot selentine peninsula the following March, post there and withdraw 11 the
A new station to mupport the sun reappears. crossing will be built of the While I was in Leningrad the Bellinghausen. So this coming Nussion polar ship Ob (pro- will also be called nounced to rhyme with Zube) Dellinghausen-after the Russian reahed home after a 10-month navigator who gave his name cruise in the southern herni-
sphere. to the sea.
SO9001
Solid
are
South American and Japanese anys, though unlucky recently, are not to be put off by little things like the burning down of their stations and getting rellef expeditions stuck in the pack ice.
All land?
From the South Pole ice plt scientists retrieved refrigerated germs from another era. This was a great surprise, for germs
Of course, no one cant yet be cannot live in the Antaretie sure that Antarelica is a cons
(Colds naturally.
some tireni and not just a series of The Russians have a big task She found several extinct times imported, briefly, by visit. istands whose tops support an facing them this season. One underwater volcanoes up to twa ing ships.)
chelosing ice sheet, of the stations scheduled for miles high under the South
Sir Vivien Fuchs found land Where did the South Pole get beneath him all along his 1,200- operation during the presen: Pacific... International Geophysical Year The Ob also completed a Its burled germs?"No one con mile roule but this is not "can-
His cireum-polar survey. She also say. It is to answer such ques- elusive.
roundings has still to be established,
This is at the Pole of Inseces- located a rif valley running fans that so much more work teksi at considerable distancos sibility-in other words the round the whole of Antarctics i needed down under.
cpart, and, besides, the gape in most difficult place to reach in beneath the sea. At one point International Geophysical Year the land might not lie in the the whole Antarctic. So far it near the coast of King George work as a whole is to continue sume direction as he was going. has lived up to its name, V Land It is a mile deep.
for another year after Decem-
(Londen Express Seruter))
Bishops Birth
and Control
IN 1930 ..... Sssh!
IN 1958 ....
wero
Why, yes!
RECENTLY, A STRIKING REPORT... BY JOHN REDFERN
of
answered-but there is more lo bishops want the elergy to pea
cach family-"a are going to need public 05- AMILIES should be planned. Not too much security of FAM
God-given unit in society." stance, you have no right to
The report implies that some do that.” family, not too little. This is the decision of
worried the bishops are the 310 Anglican bishops from 46 countries who about contraceptiver as inviting
That is one big, big question
this report thun that. The swarmed into London last month and locked them-fishness and thereby adding t
this encouraging statement:-- vide pre-marital instruction for selves up for five weeks of conference at Lambeth hazard to marriage. Then comes Palace.
A hazard
They young couples,
Draise Marringe Guidance Councils and "And perplexing though the want the clergy and lay people in contemporary of mature faith and the right choicor marriage are, it must be said
offer qualiftentions" to
tcm- that
the
freedom uf
selves for training 05 cown- marriage in our sellors. sexuality int time is also a gate to □ now
depth and joy in many relationships between The decision, "How children?" is one for parents and wife." to make themselves, not selfish-
Their report in dealing with The expression of love in the marriage "breaks new ground," physical relationship, freed said their chief, the Archbishop from the old disciplines of fear, of Canterbury (Dr Fisher), is an enrichment of marriage in
itself, a strengthener of He can say that again.
the It is a bold, brave document, fortress of the family. It looks at the facts of life, end offers real guidance,
based in Christian theology, on the day to-day problems that nag and erade many a marriage.
In 1930 when the bishops at an conscience. Lambeth considered marriage
relations
crabwise.
they
ly, but according to their Chris-
Family planning, if by means approached it 4 mutually acceptable to hus- The Leashops cannot ASS
By 193 votes to 07 their requirements for the
they gave a grudging consent band and wife and secure from following day until Inte in the
Lalked selfishness-is "a right and in- to family limitation but afternoon when revisions to
Christian From Cambridge, they got the Meteorological Office were early ed through. Much then dependis unsatisfactory social and econo-
of "abstinence," and condemned portant factor in their standing clers are phon birth control as an
answer to family life." In 1953 the team, which had on the speed of the
"For many, many years," said mle conditions.
Dr Fisher, Taunching the one. The time allowed for packing and despatching the
port, "Christans regarded the
support of the late Professor customers. Hartree and De Wilkes, head of
an
By 1945 work was stated at first automatic office.
From
on the amount
calcula-
There are many other Lyons
the mathematical phyeles labora. been constantly at work solving of mount fory, who, with limited resources the problems presented by Leo, goods depends upon it. They made a point to Harvard Univerally tu see the and great diflculty, had been hind their reward. The com "electronic brain" there. Thongir building 3 computer called
puter was given a clerical job not chosen specifically to inves- EDSAC.
became the world's jobs now done by Leo. The tigate computers, they were well
requirements of shopkeepers, ed for the job.
thal moment the the control of their payments. The leader, Mr Raymond Cadby Hall in building a busi-
of work entrusted by sale: analyses, calculations of Thomson had been a matheuss computer based
From the Lyons to the electronic "brain" salesmen's commissions, stock maticlan of distinction in his Cambridge model.
control, market research, Cavendish Labomtory is expanded year by year. Curbridge days, and could take famous
Leo does them all, providing the Harvard language.
His Came a scientist, with a war-ilme
the essential statisfes and up- collecur, Mr Oliver Standing record as a bun, to head the
to-the-minute reports to satisfy ford, had a practical interest in engineering side of the project.
Early In 1954 Leo was given the management's need for mechaaleal things.
These two men were excited Organisation and Methods Office the job of working out the more raph and telling figures
the Cadby Hall than ever before. by what they saw. They came to crossed over to start planning payroll for the conclusion that the patentow to put the new machine, bakeries,
The macanter of the Lyons
Planners' pride
Now it calculates the From tle acorns big trees
throughout the men, estentially Industrial ⚫scientists A business Fus
dialitics of the computer business Leo, to work. Thompson gave pay for more than 12,000 Lyons grow. From the foresight of two - fur I boon tased solely up his dulles as Deputy Con- employees for scientific or military calcu troller of Lyons to head the country each week. lations was the most significant team.
tio
Was
not easy.
Change
WHAT a change in 20 years! Today the bishops tell the 34,000,000 people of their flock spread throughout the world a very different story,
Procreation of children is not the sole purposes of Chris tion' marriage.
IC-
procreation of children as the first, and almost the only tune- tion of marriage."
isolated one But that view function of marriage from two equally important ones the need of husbands and wives to
each other; complement
ROUND-UP
It is a tasik remarkable for sprouted, the tangible result of WEDDING BELLS
whero
A
thing they had seen 10 the The Job these men set out to its thoroughness. Not only is which is embodied in the Lyons American trip.
Although the pay worked out and printed factory at Park Royal,
employee today more than 200 people on a slip for ench bat 1.00 automatically formu are busy making not Swiss lates the contribution to go to rolls, not fee-cream, but elec the Savings Bank.
tronic computers—Leos,
ZANIES
* Whom shall I say is calling?"
ASK ME ANOTHER....
IN its short history,
SOMO
Leo has been asked stronge ques- tions. Among other things, it has: ★WORKED out
the
winners of the cows - and goats entered for the Dairy
Show at Olympia, DETERMINED the pre- cise position of Individual atoms in a molecule. COMPUTED now in- come Tax tables -
within hours of the Budget announcement. EVALUATED. degrees of stress and strain in aircraft designs. CALCULATED behaviour of guided
missiles.
the
PROVIDED joint file and ∙last survivor annalty tables for the Institute of Actuaries. COMPUTED gunnory tables for the Minis- try of Supply. -{London Express Service),
the
FTER three postponements, the wedding belly havo rung at kast for Private Brian Donkin, of the Pioneer Corps, home from Cyprus, and Miss Norma Jones, of Burton-on-Trent. Only when he stepped from the train at Burton did Brian learn it was so be their wedding day. He hurried to buy a suit. Norma iwent home to put on her wedding gown. The wedding was put off previously because Donkin could not make the journey from Cyprus it whe only after the War Office had learned from the local brandir of the Soldiers, Salons and Airman's Families Association of the frustra- A tions of the young couple that wedding loove was wrongod. condition attached was that the plane fare at 200 had to be pakt This used the money for a honeymoon, but two Blackpool boarding house owners sent a telegram: "We shall be glad to give you e week's holiday for the honeymoon," Private Donkin also found the Army has a kind heart. Ills paga was marked "20 days” Sastoad of the three weeks' Icave originally promised.
HORSE'S TAIL
the Royal Artillery "old Ulmers" being treated to ring-side
seats at the Woolwich Tattoo mext month is Hanry Holland, 05, ard his wife of North Greenford, Middlesex. On the wall of his. home hogs the tail of a horse ho rode in the Army, Mr Holleral Joined the Royal Artillery in 1909, fought in the 1914–10 war in Mesopotamian France. After complating his term of service, ho joined the Territoriale in 1998 and during the hat wer became o captain. The "old timers" going to Woolwich will get free Cros port from the West End to Woodwłoki in tolls-itoyce Silver Übost "ouch right of the Tattoo,
nev
Now then. What does it all personal husband add up to? The Lambeth Con- ference is a deliberative body. no Church in
to Cominunion But is recom- an aimost
Answering questions Dr Fisher It can compel (father of six song) summert the Angilean up: "There is clearly a divine to anything. obligation to plan your family mendations carry irvesistible weight, and not have it by accident,
Other Communions "This doe
may necessarily Treen Anal familles. In some moan over the way "Lambeth" cases, parents should have lado has walked. families.
not
But within the Anglican fold "But if you are going to have this new, positive line will be 16 children and the last five closely regarded.
TAIKOO
GOLDEN SYRUP.
for Energy and Health
TAIR
GOLDEN SWE
An ideal spread.
for toast, puddings & bread The Children love it I