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# NOTES
The Manchus established the Ch'ing dynasty in AD 1644, having overthrown the native Chinese Ming rulers. The Manchus were related to the central Asian group speaking a language akin to Mongol who settled in Manchuria many centuries earlier. They were usually referred to by Europeans as Tatars.
2. Lach garrison town, including Chapu, contained a Tatar walled city separate from the Chinese city.
In 1840 HMS bug Algerine paid a flying visit to Chapu and was fired upon from some batteries near the town. During the attack on Chapu in 1842, these batteries were quickly put out of action by the Royal Navy.
4. Under command of Vice-Admiral Sir William Parker.
*The Westmorland Regiment was granted the China Dragon superscribed “China” for service during the China War of 1840-42.
*The Nemesis was the first iron steamer to round the Cape of Good Hope. She was never commissioned as one of HM's vessels of war, yet was generally commanded by Royal Navy officers. She was of the greatest use throughout the First China War and after the Treaty of Nanking returned to Bombay.
A joss-house is the Victorian name for a Chinese temple or shrine, the house where the joss (god, from the Portuguese "Deos") was situated. From contemporary sketches and descriptions, the joss house in question would appear to have been a medium-sized Buddhist establishment, and although there were no references to priests, monks, or nuns, it had residential accommodation in addition to the usual altar halls.
Lung Fu was a company commander, Iso-ling (grade 4a), of one of the Eight Manchu Banners.
*Parker, L. II. Chinese Account of the Opium War.
A Tao-tai was an imperial Circuit Intendant, a member of the hierarchy controlling several prefectures.
I-li-pu (1770-1847) was a member of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner and an Imperial Clansman. He was banished for disobedience in 1841 but recalled and appointed acting assistant military lieutenant-governor at Chapu in early 1842, his predecessor having died of wounds during the British attack. Chapu was still occupied by the British, and I-li-pu had to remain in Hangchou, where he received orders to move to Soochou as it was understood that he was respected by the British, and the Court wished him to be on hand to carry out negotiations.