S.AFRICA'S
STRYDOM
REPRESSION COLOURED
Common ground at last
Cummings
THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1957.
YUGOSLAVIA
the land where freedom fighters won't lie down
by LES ARMOUR
D'LA, the preface to the book his friends have smuggled out of Yugoslavia, apologises for the fact that his work is not so well rounded as it might be.
"My circumstances," he says, "are at best uncertain, and I am therefore compelled to express my personal observations and experiences hastily.”
This understatement is the monarchy, and now con- typical of the man. He Jan- trive to give Marshal Tito guishes now in a fison plenty of sleepless nights. with which he is familiar.
He did time there under the inter-war
monarchy and under the Germans.
Now he awaits whatever whim may occur to Josip Broz, his one-time friend, fellow-partisan, and ON- rule in the revolution. And,
conflict dressed in an old shirt and a baltered hat, he dis- covered that his friend Tito has developed a taste for gold braid and silk chirts,
But he kept his peace, Perfection, was not to be had, but the fight had to go on.
ກ
He found himself. in the end, the new vice-president of Republic, Tito's right-hand They are a curious, eussed man, and an enormous Influence race who happen to like Yugoslav politics,
He freedom better than any- thing else they can think bureaucracy which grew up
of.
objccted to the rigid
around him, to the laws which did peasants who had fought out of their
When you and all your for their land
gains. But these, at first, he
ancestors back as far as you attributed care to look have lived under time.
the needs of the Anarchy must be pre-
if Broz, alias Tito, is not so threats of death, you do not vented, the wheels of govern- cruel as Stalin, he is also frighten so easily as other ment and of industry must not so genial or imaginative men. So Djilas has managed how be made to turn. as Khrushchev. Djilas has to keep his mind atraight. exposed his regime in quiet, his purpose clear through it all. And he can still manage a smile.
sen-
well-reasoned cool, tences, which lay bare the whole fraud of Communiam itself.
Some gains were won: the Flso collectivization programme
اله
Deviation
demand. The people must be early days: of the Russion made to conform not only in Revolution, and other men have their productive capacities but made it clear many times slace. in their capacities us But Djilas and his well consumers. They must consume intentioned friends were to find on what the plan has produced or it out at first hand. Once it the farms Was
but the plan will break down.
was clear that no amount of abandoned, some freedom of
goodwit would change any- apeeth was made possible and,
thing he became an Implic- There was a time, of course, under Dillas' prompting, Tito
able enemy of the system itself. when Dills believed that Murx stood up to Stalin and began to
He was sacked from the and Lenin had laid down the cultivate friends in the West,
On the other side of the coin, vice-presklency, shunted out of creed through which true
(Moscow placed the bulk of the handful of men in whom the the party. freedom and the brotherhood the blame for the Tito-Stalin power has been placed come to He red obscurely on what But then Milovan Djilas of man were to be found. That split on Diilus and, for ones, value their power above all else. his wif could earn as a bank is a Montenegrin und Mon- he should have been taken in e Kremin
threatens their clerk. probably Any deviation
But even that was not tenegrins have never cared of all is not so surprising as it right).
privileged position and must enough. He had to fight. He therefore, be stamped out at know that there was only one nuch about overwhelming might reem.
Right up until 1954 it seemed ence.
way of
making his views adds. They held out for cen-
best to slay where he was and Rulers in a democracy have known in Yugoslavia. That turies against the Turks.
do what he could to mould the relatively le to gain from was to have them published revolution along the lines of his power and relatively little to abroad.
It does not seem that his chaces are very good.
led regular revolts against
In Ghana: DICTATORSHIP?
OR DEMOCRACY •
co-religionists.
Underground
. In The underground move- landed him ments which first
in jail in the 1930's, Dillas did find the brotherhood, the single minded dedication to pro- fessedly noble Ideals, and the willingness to act despite the seemingly consequences which
comprised all he was looking
for.
.
dreams.
was
any
be
jose if they are usurped by the
If the words of Tito's, right- opposition. In an oligarchy, the It was then that he realised stakes are far higher: If you hand man appeared anywhere, quite clearly what he had long have pushed
a areat many Yugoslavs would have to And sected: With the revolution, people around for a very long out because there would have ere had emerged "The New time, the sehsequences of re- to be a trial and what he had Class," the phenomenon froin axation may be disastrous. done would have to be made which he has taleen the title of
Djilas had not. In the catly public. his book.
days. believed that the men
He wrote, was tried and sent he had fought in The central fact in his die with whom
had mountains could
to gaci. Still he hadn't overy was just that if you place the
enough. He had to have his tolal politicni and economic susceptible to these pressures.
book smuggled out and in the hands
But he was to learn that the There were, f course, small
group of men-however problem is not one of human published as widely as possible. In that he has succeeded. Once you conception moments when he had his good their intentions may be nalure but of logle.
Some say that Tito won't dare Stall was in league you automatically
on total planning you of democracy and the age-long doubts.
produce a decide
the face of Western trnditions of Africa. Dr with Hitler while Yugoslavia vested interest which can never have deelded to push people to act in
that all But More than that: If Nkrumah luled as much re-burned.
be equated with the public gond, around. Once you do that you opinion. Others hold
that remains to be fixed Is do not dare give up. when he said that
the Chuna falts down on the high cently
In the
appointment with subsequent Aurillo
Total economie planning pro- The problem is not
new Dillas" hopes held for it, it will reflect Ghana's ways of doing things
while he showed his duces an
it hangman. ecor.omy which is one, Betrand Russell set on African capacity-and on might not accord with Western War,
and His position, as he would 'put West
short, had contempt for worldly autherly use ptible to none of the ever- all out in "The Practice African
in idcns. capacity,
Africa, in
share of the changing pressures
Bolshevism" f11 of popular Theory
the it, remains "uncertain", by running his particular for self govern- her own methods. ment. Thus mis-government in could affect Nigeria'a Ghana
These methods will be more to achieve inde-
drostic and ruthless-possibl more efficient-than aspirations
those of deed, pendence in 1000. No one.
jy watching Ghana's Westminster. Outwardly. Par political progress more
liamentary forms of government atten-
will be observed: but tho tively than the three Premters Parliament of Ghana may be of Nigeria.
asked 10 sanction strange
There
other are
Incasures. eyes abroad-in financial circles in the United States, Салада
A delusion from which democratic path of pro- be deeply resented by their tween the Westem the British Labour Party gress' today? Buffers is in thinking that Colonial Foliticians ar
Reflect on what is hap- necessarily sympathetic to pening in Ghana at the mo Socialism. It is true that ment. The Ghana Govern- since the
· close
ment has expelled Mr. E. association has grown up Bankole Timothy, the de- between the Labour Party
puty editor of one of the in Britain and lenders of
foremost newspapers in the
War
It
Colonial opinion, but that is country. Elis erime was that .because the latter have
he was at times critical of endeavoured to enlist
the Government. He was
Labour support for their given forty-eight hours to nationalist aspirations.
quit.
walchful
vast sum TC-
No Appeal
The Labour Party has
Deportation orders were also for long encouraged up-and- served on two leading Moslems and London-in any place, in coming countries to Tun In Ashonti. And when seem- shorl. from which capital before they can walk, so, not cd doubtful whether These might come for the Volt river
arders could be executed under electrification
scheme. Hopes unnaturally, politicians have the existing law, specint legista of rais
There is in the B which raising the
secks power
The to deport felt that Labour will be tion was rushed through the
quired to start this project have Mosiem leaders a clause which more disposed to sponsor Legislature.
Mlready dwindled, it goes says that "No order of the their ambitions than Oon-
without saying that any irres- Minister made under this Act servatives. Once, however, "freedom" is achieved, it does not follow that there is any real bond between Colonial policies and British Socialism.
Expulsions
But it is not these expulsiona
has set the Opposition thinking;
ponsible behaviour by the shall be subject to appeal to or Ghana Government would ex- review In any court." It has linguish all hope of capital for something in common with legislation pasgett by the Good,
Nationalist Party in the Union of South Africa in order 10 overcome restrictions placed on executive petion under canstilution.
associated
c
Recent events must be having alue that have set the country an effect too, on litose British in a turmoil and stirred up officiels who are still serving once more the unrest from in Ghana, since the last thing For example, it was not which it was suffering up to the they want is to be so long ago that Sir William beginning of this year.
It is with
After all this the thoughts of Bustamante was the blue the fear of what is to come that with any form of totalitarinn-
ism, They are merely doing the Labour Party in Britain eyed boy of British Social- of the utterances
incir duty in serving the will turn again to the National of minister's Covernment which pays them. Anthem, which one of their ists. ilis party called it like Krobo Edusel, who is re-But expatriates in the judiciary ministers, Mr Hector Hughes self the Labour Party; he ported to
police have a M.P., composed to celebrate Government would not tolerate and the
Among Ghana Independence: ready meurred ill-will The for Jamaican independence. Goverment was going to "get the Ashanti. Their Position
. Ghana intoler
urse your North But when Sir William show- tough."
could quickly become
and South united, By common ideals for your
cherished land,
have said that "the
was a Nationalist struggling any nonsense in future."
ed that he was no Socialist
What chance is there,
able,
ihun,
stooge and that he was pre- the Opposition are asking, ut pared to give capital a fair safeguards for minorkies being denl, he became, in Labour enshrined in the Constitution? eyes, a Tory reactionary.
Confidence.
the
#HOT there in
Ashanti and the North. But, as
Behaviour
should have
evoked surprise
The British White Paper on
proposed Constitution of The surprising thing about have taken Ghana, which was published the events which
Mr Lennox-Boyd's visit place since Dr. Nkrumah's re- January, containext turn from the Commonwealth that they promises which, if honoured, Conference is not History may repeat itself would have satished the fears of have taken place, but that they over Dr Nkrumah, who has Conservative Members of Par in the outside world. For the been flattered and buttered lament were quick to point out Government of Ghann has, in tudent of up' by British Socialists. It in the debate on the Ghana In fact, behaved as any
dependence Bill, the Whilte Africon was only last Christmas Paper could not bind
-political behaviour Ghana might have expooled. In Africa, that Mr James Griffiths, once the country became in as in Latin America, ruthless Chairman of Labour Parlia- dependent. For the
Ghana suppression of opponents is a mentary Colonial Group, Government can amend the necessity In self-defence. The
constitution by a decision of and Mr Morgan Phillips, on two-thirds
Opposition in Ghana know this natority of the well, Would they not behave behalf of Transport House, Legislature. And since Dr Bke that it they were in sent a special message to Nkrumah'a party already has a power? No wonder, then, that Dr Nkrumah assuring him two-thirds majority, the Con- they fear for the future,
stitution can be changed at any
that "We, personally, and moment.
But what is surprising to the party wo represent are
those who know him is that your friends and allier" Threats, deportation orders Dr Nkrumah, with bis capacity And they went on: "We and vindictive Icglelation are for good sense and modemtion, Basociated Ghana should have been have complete confidence in haylog effects outside
which promise no good for it with these events, It is sald you personally
and the
future.
that ho looks Work nud members of your GoverL-
worried. Are wo accing, then, ment to work but a demo- Mr Timothy is a well-known Or is he being jockeyed along the real Nkrumah in action? cratic path of progress for, Sierra Leonean, le country-
men are not likely to forget his have more power than they are by his back-room boys who your country."
deportation, or forgive it.
credited with? +2
How conscientiously is
Io Nigeria, the deportation. The fact is that Ghana is on their protege treading the of the two leading Moslems will the threshold of a struggle be- ·
Where all are brothers--nat the least are slightest,
All for the fairest rights
now stand,
ĮPOCKET CARTOON
| by OSBERT LANCASTER
“The Reign in Spain
Stays mainly
On the chat!"
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