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World Copyright by arrangement with the Manchester Guardian
57.
THE EDUCATION OF DR. JAGAN
By Harold Jamės
London. Jagan hus now, abandoned. Ideas CIPENDING some time in London is Dr Chicddi Jagan, of nationalising British Gulano's But that in main industries. ox-lending Minister of British Guiana until the con- stitution was suspended by the British government, after not to say that he would not squeeze them through taxation a few months of office in 1958.
to talon the money he
would have to have to carry out his programme of social retorn,
Dr Jogan belleves that by end large, it is to Britisis Culina's Interest 18 Federated West Indies.
Ü
Not
Dr Jogan has juster of Chans on the eve of ta- returned from Ghana. He dependence. And it was the went there as the personal per use of their braink he added, that had achieved liberty guest of Dr Nkrumah for for Ghana. the independence celebra- tions. The invitation sur-
that he would receive a rousing welcome
there from MÖSSTE prised Whitehall for tho
Manley, Adams and Williams two doctors had never met, buckled to.
Nkrumah whom he has denounced 48 His government imperial stooges'. And it he and Dr Jagan, though the made mistakes but not through were ever to represent his coun- leader of the Opposition lack of energy. They came 10
Party in British Gulana, is not "the leader of the Oppo sition" in the official sense,
Limelight
What Dr Nkrumah's mo- tive was in issuing the in- vitation is not clear. Perhaps he wanted to cock a last nook at the Colonial Office!
1
Dr Jagan, however, was not in the limelight at the celebra- tions. He had plenty of time, therefore, to look around him
and learn. How was it that Nkrumah succeeded where he himself had falled?
"We have
unly no bombs: bming" said the Prime Minis
MEN and POWER
N
TOW Out Lloyd George
was Prime Minister it seemed Bikely The strife thatween the Govern
ment
the and
military would die down.
Lloyd George with hi increased Authority, in- mense public popularity, and freedom from intrigue and frustration from abse would be strong and sure in action. thus establishing complete lomulership of polis ticlans and generals too.
11
These hopes were dis. appointed. The generals freedom were to claim from restraint, They de manded the sole right to determine all military issues. even though their decisions. would have reperenssions.
BY LORD BEAVERBROOK
HERE comes the final clash between the Prime Minister and the generals as the First World War touches its climax-a clash that severberates with political thunder throughout the pages of "Men and Power." Will Premier Lloyd George win--or will the King intervene ?..
THERE was in the Great War (1914-18! as strenuous and important a conflict between the Prime Minister and the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, as that described in the 1939-45 war memoirs of Field Marshal Lord Alanbrook. IN 1914-18 the combattants were Lloyd George, the popular fire eating Welshman, and his autocratic Generals Robertson (CIGS) and Haig (CinC), In 1939-45 it was the obstinate Ulsterman “the Brook” and his maddening but lovable boss, the infectious, inexhaustible Churchill.
mand be unawed. An-
for the whole population of fractal- Britain, soldier and civilian, Aber mod mulle amen dale Secre
man
woman, shop-
keeper and hankey, financin! and commercial, every sec tion of the community,
rub-
of State must Ruted for Lord Derby. Accordingly the Prime Mini- ter office to Lord Derby the of Ambwendo, in Porks, Hit Derby was lon elever to The Gernum Government
fall unite that ditch. Ho sked in 1916 had been overthrown or terms sweeping in
character and replaced by Hindenburg and extraordinary in practice. and Ludendorff. Could not Duby declared that if dis- between ine chiets und fir War inftitary Unbury, he must be assured of he right to take an Inlepen- cent the. He reserved, in parti- cular, the tight in resign it Rubretion and Halg should be
powers could be just us dan- Berous вта Lloyd George iri Paris as London.
+
a similar change be brought al:out in Britain with Robertson playing the part of Hindenburg 7
ACTION
greement
the House of Commons was lessened; disap- pointment because, in his heart, Lloyd George had hoped to make a clean sweep of his mill- tary adviso
TRIUMPH
T the Supreme War Council day. Lloyd George was resolute by retaining Halg. the measure
meeting on the first day of
In interview of his perli in an forceful, the month of February 1918 with Lord Stoniftrdhum the with Lloyd George present, it Rugs secretory | he pointed out was determined that a General that of his Majesty insisted on Reserve should be set up. The retaining Sir Wiliam Robert control would be entrusted to arm in his power and place, he an Executive
ive Committee of the would lay down
The his tunk. permanent military repect enta- King must choose alber Minis- fives at Versailles."
tes. Lloyd George declared HAT Was the renot for That
itant. was
Thus real that the
must Haig's Government
unexpected sub- power would now pass to the
govern, He would not submit to mission? Supreme War Comell.
military dictation General Robertson
and in
count or in any direction. Lund effort to hold on to his authority Stamfordham hatened to assure over the Army Reserves in Lloyd George that his Majesty France. He demander that the h no Idea of making such British Military Representative insistence, at Versailles choukl come under
General Staff.
LLOYD GEORGE, Convinced disced. And Deshy with such himself as Chief of the Imperial
Robertson and his military colleagues now simed of overthrowing the Govern- men and selting up a new All- ministration under Army con- trol, determined that he must get rid of both Robertson, the Chief of the Imperial Staff, and Halg, the Commander-in-Chiet. Robertson and Huig too were well aware of the Prime Minis-
nis ter's intention to remove them from their posts. They were bent upon holding fast.
Thus it was apparent
Again Los George had been frustrated . his stend plan-- plan to rkt self of the impediment starting in the way of the dmiral of the generats. He tried once more, and for the third tim He attempted the knock-out,
He made a frontal Hook on Robertson and his General Stad cherylng them with
Lord Derby howard,
Not at all. At 1st Lloyd George had tracked down and cornered his cuemy. He refused any accommodation. In reply,
he offered General
ang nc-
THE HYMN
He must have known of Lloyd George's visit to Buckingham Palace on Saturday. Surely he had been instructed in the poll- tical realities of the situation. Possibly Lord Stamfordham may hove spoken with him. He may have been told of Lloyd George's warning to the King
or
that
THE king then saw his Prane But whatever may have been Minister. His caufiunte in the influences prompting Halg, : Chies of the Imperial Constel
it is sufficient to record that he Staff was absolute. There is bowed at onco
to the civilian He Robert on nothing in Lloyd George's re- authority.
deserted his the alternative of remaining on Lords to show that the King ent
friends without an excuse As Chlet of the Imperial ascented to Robertson's removal. apology.
refused Lloyd General Stair under the reduced dispersation, or of taking up the Wali Robertson's retirement Robertson
The news, nonetheless, of Sir George's suggestion
should be Riven post of Military Representative from his post at the War Office command of an army in France, at Versailles,
was announced by the Prime Lord
Derby he left stranded like Saturday
a whale
on a sandbank My home in the counte Ima Derby also called upon quite near to Lloyd His Majesty, Derby said that house at Walton Heath, and there was nothing left to him Lloyd George would frequently
call
me to him, especially when but to resign, though he ap he was in gloom or high spirits. praled to the King to advise
On this day I was summoned of the proper course to
shortly after Haig and Derby and rived at Wilton Heath had departed.
DISMISSAL
His W WHAT » dilemma for Robert- son: What a desperate can- ery was a strong defence of fusion of all his inspiratiert. 'De Chler o the
Imperial Either way he was done.
that comtaleating to the Press D compromise or reconellation bees of ufficial rerrets, came Impossible. The political chief and the Army commanders looked out upon one another just as two boxers in training Just approach the day of trial when one or other must have the de- cision, even to the extent of a knock-out.
General Staff and his colleagues.
The k-out blow falled. The Prim Minister was checked by the overwhelming devotion Minister
of the Secretary for War to the called the Secretary of State for cause of his millary advisors. War, Lord
on 11th Derby, December 1917, usking him,
The Prime
upon
It
PLANS
and
powers,
of the
Minister late afternoon.
little
un
to
10
of
WIS
It was in Ironie and a dismal him end for the old soldier. Even follow. The King assured him though he had hailed deflance there was no alternative but his at his Prime Minister denying resignation, civilian
I expected control, demanding
soo, Lloyd Lloyd nutocratie
George returned
and Ocorge in low health unqucationing
Walton authority, his enemies may well his
Heath possibly in n depresed mood. have pitied him. He could not home. He told his circle there: Instead I found him in a state
"I had one of the most anxious of jubliation. in effect, to dismiss his Chief of WHAT now? There could be escupe extinction,
Sace Robertson
days I have the Imperial General Staff and Y co question of Lloyd Georgs declined to
absolutely
ever had. I was He telephoned Bonar Law to budge from the with the King for an hour in tell him of the outcome of the also his Commander-in-Chief.
and Relierizon working together War Office and refused to re- the evening he sang his favourite visit and to lastruct him to offer Lord Derby refused. He re- any more. Lloyd George โรยป plied with a carefully reasoned launched charges against
linquish his
Lloyd songs, with particular emphasis the Sceretaryship of State for and cogent statement of his own crison that made any accom
Ro- George decided to dismiss him. on that Calvinistic hymn, deat War to Austen Chamberlain,**
to, orthodox Presbyteriana, "At But m True, the approval
thecou aw enrried with it a posliion.
the clear indication that if Llow! molation Impossible. Indeed, it rig was essential, but Lloyd the changes that are
to afternoon zure
Bonar
rang up Lloyd George with
the George's programme was to be imezing that the Prime Mini- carried out, Lord Derby would er, if he really believed these George was the constitutional come I do not fear to sec,"
adviser of his Majesty and the
Finig has been summoned to information that Derby wished not remain in the Administrations, delayed so long in advice would have to be e- London and on Sunday at noon, to withdraw his resignation. I
disalesing his Chief of the Im-
the telephone and The only alternative accompanied by Land Derby, he answered repled. perial General staff.
was dismissal of the Prime called on Lloyd George. Now carried the message to the Prime IN RUINS?
Other methods must
bt Minister and change of was the hour. This vital meet Minister. Lloyd George agreed Other plans must be Government, Such a bold course
ing might lead to anything; to a that Derby could stay on pro- Gove LORD DERBY'S letter shat adopted.
He, would rely upon would be dangerous indeed to Election with political strife in again.
new Government, to a General vided he promised not to resign tured Lloyd George's plan. matured,
master IP another He resignation over Halg and the wisdom of the old legend, the royal
the constituencies, set
or, alterna It was really of no interest Robertson would bring strong, "If at Arst you don't succeed, Government were ap and
10. peaceful occupation of te Lloyd George whether Derby and indeed
falled to And pubile approval. decisive; support try, try, try again "
"Hils strength rested on the
Street.
went or stayed: his staying The gênerals were esicemed from many Conservative mem-
by he was sus His Majesty. He gave them con-
The outcome was unexpected would make it somewhat easier bers of the House, and all of the knowledge that Liberals.
volte could tained by Law, Leader of
high character and good name support and always sheltered Derb indeed In
too had the tremendous
tion.
Derby's
1
Minister ira
fidence and trust, Sir Douglas and surprising in an astonishing for the Prime
mcastire. not be silenced or nordd. Brda the Conser Party, whone Halg enjoyed his unswerving moc to Lalg gave his allegi. Parðliment. But Lloyd George
George might his Chip of Co
with the support
·Commons · and also
fit the son
п
Gorge Lord Intended to dismiss him thortly gave his resignation anyway. Indeed, within
month he had left the Govern- |
carried conviction in thib House under royal protection. Robert- 200 and Detby was. son; But the order of distaissal country: and over everything reinforcement of the backing
on removing Haig, and
in a
#riumvirate of Bottered ment, with the la Para prize I would at that timg bring down on the cure and certam response and endorsement of his titular moment. Haig's, defnetion of the Embass$ents of, the
the rise. Both hb and Robertson
In ruins the Prime Minister's which he could depend upon if commaniter - In - chief, own Government. Lloyd George a General Election could be monarch himself, bral his two generals would all snatched, from the crisis,
On Saturday morning, 180 three fall, together."
virate was fleti and strong.
The
took Derby completely by sur
Sabbath day of excitement had lind thought that the trium hot finally settled the conflet Tie was now compelled to and February, Lloyd George motored What a follet for the Prime far, far stronger and sounder Lloyd George decided that some other way of dislodging to Buckingham Palace from the Minister) And yet what bitur Boation than be had imagtved tho
prop supporting the 'his opponent of the War Offee, country, It was a cold grey disappointmmt folket because likely on the Friday evening.
But Lloyd George was in a
Mistakes
In Ghunu Dr
trust the British civil servants try in a federal legislature ha would and himself in opposition. against them. They
them, not it is, in fact, in opposition that
and worked
with
observed
the decencies of parliamentary Dr Jagan streme happlest. procedure, In stvort, they learned to goVEITL.
All this will not have beat
lost on Dr Jagan. Nevertheless he still proclaims himself to be an unrepentant Communist, though to his mind there are various brands of Communism- the Communism
Staliti of Khrushchev, utt Mao Tito. aid that, if his Party took off. Paradoxically, he has
again, it would Communist government.
Capital
not be
of of
鎮
Respectability
Dr
Jagah has learned by his visit
But one thing. is sure to Ghana. He is, too, a wiser man than when he was in office. Now that he is in London he is flirting with "respectability". He would like to meet Conserva-
Parliamen tive Members of He has almost
to see Mr
asked
ANDEMAN torch Whisky
The King of Whiskies
LANDIMAN
SCNICH
ayd who, Solo Agents: DODWELL, & co., LTD.
with almost equat certainty,
will decline to give him 631 Interview for the very goott
renson that Dr Jagan has ofcial standing of any kind.
to of
uf
Πα
We have not heard the last Dr Jagan, His party may well win the election in August, What then? While for tactical reasons Dr Japan might prefer to become the parliamentary opposition he would be forced by circumstances to take ofice. The world Would then see whether the leopard hast changed his spots. There
Certainly it is dimul reconello Dr Jagan's brand Communiom, with his outlook on capital. Ho is, however, sufficient of a realist to my that British Guinna cannot develop without capital, and while, no doubt, he would prefer to mee this supplied by the State, or somebody like the World Bank, he would certainly not reject private capital. To get it be knows 11 must be given a square deal. Ghana, here, holds out a lesson for him, for Dr Nkrumah
But, until his behaviour his welcomed the foreign inves-
proves the contrary, the safest! tor: has denounced nationalisin
course is to rent the leopard as tion and will insert safeguards if it were still dangerous. That, for capital in the constitution.
anyway, is the view that It in because of repercussions on
responsible aders of the La foreign investment that Dr bour Party lake about him,
some who say that Dr Jagan has really ceased to believe in Communism
He come to cock ☐ snook but stayed to learn and listen
NOW!
FANS.
No. 1038
NO. 104
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