THE CHINA MAIL,
TUESDAY, MAY 22, -1956.
SENSATIONAL INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS IN THE U.S.S.R.
RUSSIA'S SETS A
I
EXPANSION CHALLENGE
By The Rt Hon. HUGH GAITSKELL
be
any
far in
An-
that
for
leader
A
Julie And The Boy Friend
I DIDN'T ASK WHO HE WAS AFTER ALL, THAT ISN'T QUITE ENGLISH
By C. NICHOLAS PHIPPS
New York she had a remarkably powerful TULIE ANDREWS is voice, and had her take lessons. She started professionally at 12. crease between now and then.
best- currently the
the She was called in from It may even be added
the rise perhaps,
in ilving
known. British (except garden, "very grubby," to sing Party will Labour standards when it comes
for whisky) export in New to Val Pamell, who had been bring with it strong pressure Gaitskell says "The West York She is the girl who playing golf with her father.
Parnell put her on at the for all must take action now...... for a more liberal regime,
at the age of 18 was taken London Hippodrome. "It sounds opportunities 10 travel,
from playing "Cindera" at very conceited, but I stopped those freedoms which other in-
advanced dustrially
nations still continue. But over a longer the Palladium to star in the the show. After that I got good enjoy.
period. Including recessions, the
has controversial Broadway pro. money and was always in work: is average rate of expansion
"But I wasn't allowed to know other been recently no greater
"The denying there are
of than duction
Boy how much I was earning until I possibilities which, so long as in the UK, where, Indeed, out- Friend.” the rulers of Russia stili belleve put per head has actually risen that it is the destiny of Com- faster.
the over muniam to expand whole world and that it is their duty to do all in their power to assist this development, must be taken seriously.
N the last few months Bul, judging by the success of again there a no room for doubt so much has recently been said instead of a more gradual
on the brood conclusions. and written. The Russians have articles the list plan, we cannot assume spate of
there will
a huge investment here Aerious Whereas in the West the pro- mado have appears about
portion of resources devoted to and without doubt it is already Tabure. Russian industrial
consumption is of the order of contributing and will contribute 70 percent, in Russia It not still more to the achievement of progress-what it has been recently and what it is like
much more than 40 percent. If. unusually high rates of growth In the future, this kind of in industrial output. ly to be in the next few
difference continues it cannot Thus we must regard as the profound most vital condition of Russia's but be of the most years.
success her ability to restrict Importance.
Morcover. 11 The
It may be so. But there Russians consumption, to hold down the
standard of living now so as to no leas have advanced so
years, despite the
devole an exceptionally high than 40
of creating the proportion of her resources to colossal tank new state and the heavy losses investment for the future. Her and tremendous devastation of government
this, of can do the Second World War, it seems course, by direct decision. The highly probable that the Chinese plan provides that only so much will in time follow the same capital and labour is available for producing consumer goods- road.
There is no reason
and the goods in the shops are pose their regime is in any way limited accordingly. Jess ruthless; sa a people they
certainly
industrious: Are and they will receive much help
fre
Interpreting statisties of economic growth is always
they when tricky:
Russia, statistics about country of which even best
The level of consumption in to the next five years is also rise, but less rapidly, although existing standards are very low. The Soviet worker is till clothed among the worst fed,
of the Industrial and housed countries of the world. The per amount of housing spaer person in the Russian towns is abum 30 feet-one third of that the Britain. And Il dues not stem that there will be much informed observers
the next Ove
about «mprovement in here still know far too little, years, even though twice there is special need for many houses are to be built.
The prospect in food is better Unless, however, caution.
doubling the plun
envisages we are all the victims of a
consumption the
of meal per gigantic international hoax, need-but the increase in out- it is possible to draw from mut of colton fabrics
tow unly
in
is to be 23 percent
the flve the information
consumer years, while durable available several important goods will continue very scarce. conclusions.
י!
1
Well Ahead Nital production of "heavy" has w Industry
Rusoa
wel unf
moving LASALAI
atpa ahead of the combined
Beld 571 this
uf Britain and Western Germany. This is true, in particular, of coal, steel and Nevertheless, since electricity the population of Rome is over
that
Brutal F
and Twwe Western Germany, output per head in heavy idustry is still only half as great as in Western Europe.
The plan for the
In Russia, with a steel out- put already twice as great ne urs, the trumber of passenger ears produced and available for the heme market will be 100,000 with tu 130,000. compared 500.000 now in Britain. The for small requirement of steel consumer goods means that out of every fon produced far more Thon in the USA is avaliable of inves! - for the manufacture ment goods.
ชอ
Two Things
Two things, therefore, stand First, the general rate of next five expansion
is of output
very years solves what by Western high-much higher than that of standard+
sensa- any Western country. In Russia, a further 14 tional advance in heavy indus- the national income is growing try, Thus, coal output is to 190
to
allowance
from Russia.
als
48
to sup-
Same Story
The same type of development appears to be planned In the satellite centres where the emphasis is also on a high rate of investment.
there
19
BII
Their Tactics
But supposing
I do not myself rank excess of consumer demand, an
high possibilities open. attempt by the people to buy among these more than the government have military aggresalon, begun with decided shall be avaBable? a full realisation that it means The deterrent Whereas in a free economy this a major war. could easily lead 10 a balance effect of the hydrogen bomb is In a fully probably decisive. It is, Inderd of payments crisis, planned economy no such con-
historical remarkable д
colti- the democracies sequence follows. There would cidence thot bo no rise in imports or in exports because both imports and
being
directly would not be affect
I have neither the knowledge control Ports.
demand.
and ability nor the time and ed by space to trace out all the im- pilleations of Russian and Chin- All I èse industrial progress. can do is to pick out and dis- cuss a few of the more obvious
questions which arise.
First of all, how do the Russians do it?
1 have referred
to rate
of growth and rate of investment. They are closely connected. The Russians could hardly be ox-
the pull of consumer
The only effect would be longer queues, a growth of the rise In black market and a prices. And the ensuing discon- tent which in a democracy could bring down a government ena be ignored dictatorship.
any
ຕ
which
the
BG
Success
of
5)
was 18 or 17. You know how 19 now playing Eliza awful children are.
"Yes, I do know now, but I'd Doolittle with Rex Harrison as Those who talk
by Higgins in a musical version of rather not say. It might eno the great
Show's "Pygmalion" called "My rather bad feeling you know. economic American
"When Vida Hope asked me freedom. Fair Lady." The critics say they
at first and argue that we must either give Broadway its best show to do The Boy Friend.' ehouse this or a Russian totali
I didn't in years" and add "England's I was thrilled. Then torian system, ignore the figures.le autres at 20 fulls the want to go in the slightest. But It Soviet economic development great promise she showed
in my mother said,
is less
The Boy Friend,'
well as the West of on effective and still needs to be given, Dictatorship
observations,
Responsibility
Come
I am bossy
on.
to
WATTT)"
I'd
a threat to the U.S.A
you've got to stand on your own than to Britain, It is only be-
two feet now." Best ambassador
a girl friend cause the size of the American
"Luckily I had (both in total national product
You will be reassured to hear in the cast. We were so fright- and per head) is so much great that as an ambassador
we didn't Miss ened over here that er and not because her rate of Andrews could not be bettered dare leave each other's side. growth is more rapid than ours. by a Foreign Ofee selection But then we got so fed up with
Both because of the need to house-party.
bea bags (tea is often made here provide for more adequate She has pald her hosts the from horrible little muslin bags your cup) fall have been given the prolection Assistance for the still uncom- delicate compliment of an un- which you dunk in
and mitted
that underdeveloped conscious and very faint Ameri-
an apartment we took of this particular weapon in the areas of the world, and because
can intonation. She also offered together." ไ decode
1054 Miss the of the longer term danger very
me a "cookie" before giggling Since August balance of economic power and. Communist economic supremacy, and amending it to a "biscitt.”
Andrews has ind nine weeks Los therefore, of conventionat mill- tary power, seems to be tursing it seems to me clear, however. In every thing else she is re- in England, and three in
that who democracies ought to solutely English,
Angeles, making a TV Aim with of be devoting more of their re-
In this down of bigger bosoms. Bing Crosby. against them and in favour
Communist dictatorships.
at sources to investment both
tinfer waists, redder hair, longer less Nor can one avold the
home and overseas and less to cyclashes, slimmer ankles,
she
to see She does not expect under- consumption, Exactly how this
sa model of English
until the summer comfortable conclusion that the
home again can be brought about is beyond
statement. most dangerous event for easy going, luxury and liberty the scope of this article, al-
She looks the nicest of all the of '57 at the very earliest. New hos "discovered" her. totalitarian loving West (in the absence of though it is a matter to which a nice giria who ever graced her York
all-round disarmoment). would great deal of thought has been native Walton-on-Thames. Like made her a star. Will she con be the discovery by Russia as
in New York? Perhaps hair shining with become an American citizen? lins mousey defence against nuclear attack will make now only three brief oil the nicest English girls she finue
"Oh no, I wouldn't like thin, willowy elbow-grease, a if its meant returning to In fact, efforts would certain-
gure that makes her look taller live in America. I'm very pro- at about 10 percent per annum pecting a 50 percent increase in
than she is,
and candid blue British, I'm afraid. I mean I'm from 390 10 590 million tons- In Britain the rate of growth coal and steel production if they ly be made in Russia to prevent position where power lay once with those countries
She also hua the best not afraid. I'm very proud. demund excess of
[Tom again exceptionally making Russia easily the largest is two to three percent. Making had not had an
enjoy overwhelming which
eyes. First, while 11 will be
"Americans are very producer in the world. Steel is every
for statistical high rate of investment in the materialising at all. For example,
in predominance quantitative
hearted and so friendly. from 48 to 88 million errors, the difference remains last few years, for example, in in the new five year plan, the
necessary to raise both Invest-complexion in New York. and in the Instru-
bit manpower
ment and saving,
No money worries the experl-
hate to sound the least tons (still less than two-thirds striking.
sinking new pits, developing old increase in the wage bill pro-
ments of war.
ences of the last few years
When complimented on it, she ungrateful, everyone's been, most 30 percent VI US current outpul). Electric-
Secondly. the proportion of ones, erecting capacity for provided for is only
Such a discovery, however, suggest that the greatest diffi- sttributes it firmly to the awfully kind to me, but---every from 160 to 320 resources devoted to consump- ducing coal culling machinery, compared with a 60 percent in- ily is to rise
the culty will probably be English climate, and thus stops, things ao vast, so super-super, billion kilowatts Chalf the US Dion is much lower, and to de- coke ovens and steel works, etc. crease in national income. There seems unlikely. i
widely held view that the increasing saving-in other once ond
homogeniscid" possible so fence and investment much A high rate of Investment JB no difficulty vulput today).
preventing a
of Anglo-American dis-
virtually impossible even A comparable expansion-50 higher in Russia then in the makes possible a high rate of wage-price spiral where free Russian tactics, for the moment words, keeping down consump-source
arc to expand the tion.
to get a loaf of ordinary, baker's. agreement. Exact to 100 percent In Ave years 1 West.
comparisons of growth in-as it were--the sub- collective buying does not exist at least,
of Com-
[scal Secondly, while
meg- In the land of the fabulous, bread in New York. One brand planned for
heavy investment consumption ratius sequent period.
and trade unions are simply the power and influence
munism through economile ond
sures must be used, a national she is the epitome of modern is advertised as having "abso different countries ure It is the same прогу
Instruments of state policy! engineering. The plan is only a
especially superannuation dimeull. But here technical training, about which Keeping down. consumption political penetration,
With on. In a country of domineer- lutely no food value.") pilun and may not be fulfilled, notor.ously
in the so-called, uncommitted voluntary contributions in which
very close familly "We are ing.
purse-proud aggressive, by direct decision of a govern-
years for many
payments in
leaves women she
ali her (I have three brothers aged nine ment which does much as
The execution of the new in- would exceed payments ou!
("I to 18; I am bossy eldest sister) the likes is certainly part of
anances to her manager. dustrial plan will be of great might be of great value as Q explanation of Russia's swift
don't know what I'd do without and I get dreadfully homesick. it's worse. help to them in their task. They
way of encouraging saving. Industrial development.
him. Imagine scatter-brained This time of year The power of dictatorship is will certainly be in a position,
Thirdly, I do not believe theme coping with taxes and all the Spring's so lovely in England." if they so desire, to provide also evident in another way. It
change can be put through
New York is as far south eg economic and technical ald on Britain at least, unless it is money worries of New York.")
Was is able by direct Instructions
And while part
She lives in what our fathers Naples, but outside snow government plan
Ah, come,"
I sold and by the free use of material
Cynically. "England's Aisually incentives, to obtain the pattern no doubt the call on this from which, even though much of it called chambers, we call a ser falling.
distribution-as
China will be substantial, there will be carried out by private vice suite, and Americans bc- of labour
should be no great difficulty in enterprise, is put across
with hotel apartment. tween differen! skills
time in supplying certain other the fullest possible explanation cupboard-kitchen in which she Industries-which it wants.
The large differences and privileges which exist
often Soviet Union have The been notel. To some extent they may be just the result of the now ruling class establishing It- seir.
also But they certainly reflect a deliberate attempt relate material
Give Your Memory
a Holiday
with the Seamaster Calendar
The new self-winding Seamaster Calendar watch is the
most faithful servant
making science
the month..
You
of time ever devised by watch-
telling the exact time and day of
. accurately, automatically.
can discard your wall calendar, you can forget old-fashioned stem winding. The Seamaster Calendar
winds itself with every flick of your wrist. Automati- cally, too, the date mechanism, changes every 24 hours. It's simple, sturdy, foolproof.
ember
12
13
14
751
OMEGA
Seamaster Calendar
Société
Suisse PORT
Pindustrie Horlogère
Sale Agente: OMTIS LTD. OMEGA
over
Geneva, Switzerland,
1810, Cosicunter, Buliding
it areas.
and
In
pay
in
to
a very large scale.
countries as well.
share
of a
and publicity.
scheme
in
to
Of course, they may not do
An atmosphere will have this and, of course, like the rest be created in which people be- of us, they have to balance these come conscious once again
Dgainst those
of their the responsibility
the The fact remains dividual and the group to
claims own people,
different degrees and kinds effort and skill and ability accordance with the respective economic policy than ever
fore. contributions made by these
to
what the government regard us the needs of the economy.
An Urgency
be-
and war
ΟΙ
of the
for all,
a
She hos
na
cools herself a large late breaks fast art makes herself a cup of tea, when tired of the delicious (but eternal) coffee. She is re-
her stove with whatever that may be. Rinsing through the collection she hos
tor worse than this,"
"No, it's not. April's usually lovely. And It's the picnics and boats on the river, and log fires.
I miss them very much. It i wasn't for that I'd really be happy as I could possibly be."
"Are you engaged? Going to get married? In love?" I asked. "No, Well, I do have a beau, but nothing very serious."
All complete
in that since the dictatorship
the of gramophone records Russia is now clearly making a community as a whole. Such an
jusi started (mostly the lighter in the period im-
Rachmaninov and success of its economie policy, atmosphere existed during rewards to
of it will be very much better able mediately following. In the last classics
to afford an aggresive in
foreign few years, however, under Tory Mozart-extroots) I came upon albums of the
In her bedroom, when I went freedom, it has largely been three or four
Just-released "My Fair Lady" to borrow the telephone was a dissipated.
photograph. It showed a tough, records. Precisely because democraty and fraud-the rejcels force
She looked as guilty as if they good-looking young man in the
been fithy
postcards. uniform of an officer of the weapons of the dictatoIt must had The dimculty of doing длу In face
to thing in
of this challenge, rely on a far higher degree of People in England asked me Royal Air Force. A message on suth
democracy. what should
to send them them, sne it had been bent round so it democracies the
national understanding and co-
could not be read. where there is a most uneven do?
of distribution of wealth,
It made the Englishness. the operation by the people. How to explained hastily.
singer It seems clear that for
Would any American far from democratic system of
perhaps not quite Miss Andrews complete and per "That him?” Ye."-- education and at the same time moment, while Russian indus- obtain this in a period of cold
war in the greatest challenge of consider trial strength, though growing complete freedom for individuals fast, is still for less then that
our time. There are few sub-modest to have her own fecords 'feet. Jects to which the minds of on display?
sho organiso themselves into
can more Her career began when groups to protect their interests, of the West, and while the de- democratic socialists
was soven. Her parents found mands made by China upon her need hardly atressed. But, in must still be very heavy, they fruitfully be devoted.
to
a
atill
should be in
Russia where no sectional
a position to pro- groupings are allowed to chal- vide for more aid for the un- lenge the absolute power of a committed countries than Russia state, such complications do not is likely to offer.
arise. If the government thinks it right to pay scientists more, they are paid more whatever anyone else may think about
A levy of one percent of their national income mcans only that they must defer a further Tise in their relatively high
wage and salary differentials! living standards for six months Large Base Russia as yoi could or would
по
and it is doubtful whether
Thirdly, the pace of economie outbid even this,
Whether the democracies in Russia advance
doubt
the possess either the will to do such also owes something to
the political skill economies of large-scale pro- a thing or duction in particular to the effectively to counter Communist high degree of standardisation, propaganda and insitration and the pooling of knowledge another matter. But the urgency in the manufacture of engineer- of acting now is not in doubt; for with every year that goes ing products. Such economies
are obtained in Western coun- by the Russians are more likely tries by larger arms, but in to be able and willing to step up their programme of economic Russia there is no question of waiting for them to become penetration. available slowly. They are there, as it were, for the taking, be- cause the government can deter mine the structure and organisa- tion of an industry.
There remain the more funda- mental questions, is the relative of the demo- economic power cracies certain to decline?. And what can they do to prevent this?
In contrast to the other reasons It can fairly be said that there become for Russian progress, this ad- is no need as yet to vantage is not hearly so closely alarmist. Most of, the BuARMIQES deperdent upon the political targets for total industrial out- well below ayatem. It is a subject which put in 1960 are might well repay further study, prosent U.S. Invata and, töf What are the consequences of course, still further below U.S. Trummin'w, mwift" industrial deve output per head, Rusala hár lopment, especially in the heavy still u long way to go before industries? It can be argued that she catches America as she is there is nothing abnormal about today and, after all, America this that she is simply building is not standing still.
a large enough buse on which But the pace of U.S. advaner. to rest, & life later, an equally is certainly much slower than sensational growth in the out- that of Russia. Indeed, contrary put of consumer goods; that the to common piler,
Mer, US. Indur prefers to tave a sudden, very trial, outrait is not rising ma far we increase, in the standard of centionally! fast. "If down living in my, can yokra Lima; "short periode, as Firstüployment with a dood of oral
fork washing jus machina
"in England?"-"Yes."
I knew my place better than
to demand his name,