If Stalin
THE CHINA MAIL. MONDAY," APRIL 16, · 1956.
Was Wrong
Then Who Was Right?
F
OR the first time In many years the Soviet Government and the world Communist movement have lost grip on their own
By WALTER KOLARZ
Kolarz finds it difficult to believe that there was
to the pros9 of Keuschov's secret deliberate "leak" propaganda apparatus. The denunciation of Stalin at the recent Soviet Party Congress, In his view the blame seems to lie in the same confusion and lack of co-ordination as marked the disclosure of the Kolarz points out, however, Naxi-Soviot Pact of 1939,
can scarcely bo in that the current disclosures Communist interest, and he poses the pertinent question: WOS so totally wrong, who was right?"* "If Stalin
story of Krushchev's secret speech at the recent Soylet Party Congress appeared in the "capitalist" press before it found its way into the Western Communiat news. papers.
the
fur
It 1s hard to believe that there was a deliberate "leak." it is more plausible to atoume that there has been the same con- lack of co-ordination and fumon in Communist circles un there
1030, Wiel In August
was broken when the TOWA obout the Nazi-Soviet Port. This sudden opening of flood-goles could not have been in the Communist interest. no one can foresee how much the flood will destroy and carry uway The Communist leaders themselves must have great mis- dia- The freedom of givings. cussion about the Stain period is likely to weaken the discip- Ine of the Cominest parties throughout the world, and shat ter the prestige of a government directed Ly Stalin's comrixits.
Even Worse
futter
The satellite lenders ore in un Most of even worse meators them have not yet mustered the courage to tell their peoples the full ctory Walter Uibricht it Eastern Germany was the only taise one to act only and Rome credit fo Stain's post-
humous dethronement.
Only minor extracts of Krush- have chey's teonoclastic report become known so far but they suffice to give an outhne of the new official version of Soviet history. This tallies to Bome Ex-
har tent with what
hitherto been the "bourgeois" history of the USSR.
It is now admitted that sinve 1934 the much-publicised "dieta- did worship of the proletariat"
got exist in the Soviet Union. All that existed was the tyratury of a vain, cruel desaя whose powers were not traited by any Party
Central congress SIT
Committee.
commit suicide.
be In 1940, ardored the arrest of Voznesen- sky, matbor of two consecutive Soviet Five-Year Plans.
Stalin is now aloo burdened with the responsibility for the great orgy of terror carried out by his police chief Yezhov, and known as the "Yezhovshchina," and for the terrible failures which the Soviet Union suffered in the early part of the war.
Onlookers
Trow
the
Ideological shake-up, must create new problems. The reports from Georgia, where the Communist Party newspaper paid tribute to Statin in defiance of the Party Congress, si W this усту clearly. Just as the tradesmen of Ephesus had a vested interest in the cult of the Ephealan Diana, so the political tradesmen of Georgia have a vested inter- est in the cult of Stalin, The Georgian Communista have probably ittle love left for the personality of Stalin, but they feel that their are bound to position must suffer as a result of Berla's and Stalin's disgrace. The new men in the Kremlin may yot learn that only the iron dictatorship of Stalin Vas able to keep dogether the peoples of a vast empire and prevent coming
Those who helped Stalin to Kaganovich. Voroshilov, rule,
misleadery, Molotov, Bulganda,
and Krushchev, Mikoyan appear as helpless onlookers. It would seem that all their past were either etlogies of Stalin hypocrisy or the price they had to pay for physical survival.
natiera rivalries from This re-writing of history is a concession •
Suviet public out into the opEN, upinion,
believed Once which never
the Communists have the official reports of Kirov'a
recovered from the shock, they murder and Ordzhonikidze's will try to turn the new situa sudden
Also douth, and
had ton to their advantage. In the doubts about Stalin's military West they may be expected to Bil these disclosures appeal to certain marginal left- will only whet the appetite and wing quarters which have so far ejected Skytet Communisin provoke a widespread desire for
ot of only because the Stalinist a more thorough disclaimer the past than the Soviet
excesses, and not for reasons of But on the whole. seem prepared to make for the principle.
the people in West will IWA accept Stalin the scapegoat any more than they accepted Stalin the idol.
momeru.
rulers
I Stalin was so totally wrong, who was right? Was Krush- who never they or Butano. resistert Stalin? Or was it Buk- harm and Rykov, the protagon, ists of a mod
moderute right-wing policy? Pernaps it was Trotsky, the man Stalin sent into exile? If Stoim blundered during the War,
WILS he not wrong in con cluding the pact with Haler? And, therefore, were not the Western Powers the true cham- anta-Fascism rather thon the Soviet Government?
Have we not been told that of today? Stan is the Lenin And must we continue to com- memorate the memory of Lenin, now that the personality cult has come to an end?
pions
In 1934 Stalin had a hond In the the assassination of Kirov, popular Communist leader of the younger generation. In 1937 he forced Ordzhonikidze, the builder of Russia's industry, to which
Meanwhile, the temporary relaxation of the police regime,
rung
10 parallel
the
Bod tree
the
Of course, nobody will doubt the official disclosures of evil Stalls did to Russia and the world. But his emergence
will not be the political scene
pc- nccepted as an historical cident as the present Soviet rulers are now trying to prove, quite contrary to their own Marxian doctrines.
Stalin was the natural product of the totalitarian dictatorship which Lenin created, He con- timed Lenin's work. His NKVD the legitimate heir of Lenin's Cheka. He was only one bad fruit of a bad tree which, though shaken; has not yet been hewn down.
was
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HILE no Etonian has ever been suspected of slashing, coshing elderly ladies and intimidating whole nelgh- bourhoods, such behaviour is not uncommon among Teddy Boys. That is why London teachers, magis- trates and priests, white raising no objection to the early Victorian wear of Ebonians, are disturbed by an overmastering desire among schoolboys to imitate their Edwardian elders.
In secondary schools through- out the poorer areas of London,
at
the age
of 13,
--and a teacher gives
up after 21 days
LONDON'S TEDDY BOYS
A special inquiry by
EDWARDS
ROBERT
grammar master.
or technical school boys, who refer to them affec-
tionately as 'hounds."
ས་
A 15-year-old pupil produced 215 in front of kia astonished school- maten...
A 15-year-old pupil produced £15 in front of his astonished schoolmates. Ho held a membership card to certain West End club. As the boy, went off to an ng proved school, father explained:
The trouble
4
with him
lá
Is ho
suffers
from
can quito understand "How wrong that is," he said, teachers who are soared stiff of A sizable minority of boys are, when I advanced the popular these potential Teddys. Some
incipient argument
that the wearing of are an enormous size, and I Teddy Boys, awailing the mo- Teddy Boy clothes is an inno~ would certainly not care to ment of graduation to street cent form of youthful self-
argue with them at night. corner gangs-with implics.
"Flick knives have appeared Several trainee teachers, brim- This ves." at school. Tables, chaire and ful of idealism, have been sent note the words of Mr W. J. blackboards have been flung out to the school--and left abruptly. Langford, headmaster of Batter- of windows. The windows were, One, an Australian, stayed for ca Grammar School: Too
that expression ali
a pruning of the peacock feathers preceding a life. of service to the community.
especially, should.
I visited a well-known London teacher who rellshes the
"The Teddy Boy philosophy," strong meat of state education he continued, "is to barge people of course, closed. There is per- 2 days and departed in the much pocket money carly on is in a tough North London LCC off the streets, to destroy and to sistent and chocking bullying of middle of a class. Next day he the root of the problem." School. Ho much prefers it 10 spread fear. They are adulated the quieter boys, spari from went on holiday to the South of the more sedale lite of a by at least 30 percent of our intimidation of the teachers.”
A KING MADE A MISTAKE
...And A Liner Was Named Queen Mary
By HAROLD M. HARRIS
France.
Another teacher, told me: "I have ceased to see the joke when people say our school is an extension of Dartmoor and Wormwood Scrubs. It is so near the truth,
Shape, purpose
Several London secondary schools are reintroducing school- leaving examinations--to
give shape and purpose to the last "A fair proportion of 'our
two years at school, now bald boys are already on probation. by teachers (but not by the Tho commonest crimes are LCC) to be largely a waste of breaking into shops and steal time and the spawning period ing from parents.
com- for Teddy Boys. monestfrecreation
is playing crap.' wwith pocket
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And so 534 became the Queen
WAS subdued" are Mary and not, as the Cunard "quieter and directors had intended, the party-Lord Rothermere, his son End itids of our Victoria.
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The cane-the modern inairu- ment A
most
Ineffective,"
A teacher com plained is spar- ingly used.. "What is the usa
Ted
of bashing a dy Boy?" sald
one maater. "Ha
on his own
you bash him.
against was told by his art, master to behaviour is a protest all that. It is self-pity. They paint a portrait of himself. cannot create, so they destroy.
"On the other hand; many The master told me: "It toale other children with equally him six weeks, Vanity, of poor beginnings never dreas course, is the big thing with themselves in
Toddy
Boy these boys. of absurdities. They let off steam
+
ROJECT 534 was the of the great ship being built on Clydeside. The £6,000,000 Tho captain of a trans two nieces. Walking briskly have been neg- because liner has to be more round the decit was Bill Morris, lected, contract was signed in De atlantle
of overcrowding, Captain Harry of Morris Motors. cember, 1980. She was to be than a aaltor.
from the moment of Grattidge, former commodore Cunard's greatest luxury the Canard Line, gives
After
a time, Beaverbrook, they started out at school.. crounds when
*Looked and Morris spent
at from their pot He gots plenty of that at home." Iden of the qualifications in an Rothermere, liner.
Within a
and more of each day of view, their homes are squalid, year 14,000 men absorbing book, full of enter more
their education has been poor Kinder methods do not always about life on together talking and making working on her laid aside their taining stories
A few days after their because of overcrowded schools, bring out the best in tomorrow's. board a foaling town and ex- notes. tools. Those were the years of elting ones about life at sea in return the Daily Mall and the their prospecís are poor. Their Teddy Boys. One problem "boy depression on Clydeside. But
Daily Express launched the although work on Project 634 peace and war.* could not be carried on, the idea Но
his sca-going Free Empire Party, of the great liner had fired the career as a boy apprentice in a imagination of the
four-masted barque. When ho public Into the Cunard offices at joined Cunard in 1914 he had to Liverpool poured a stream of overcomo his natural shyness
the rich and Grattidge took commond choques, postal orders, pounds, and mix with
the Queen Mary in 1948. In his on the sports field and harm no shillings It all had to be re- famous.
When the Laconia went book you may meet the royalty one. So, in the and, the problem "It was the only picture ha turned. Work could only begin
ever condescended to paint. It the Government cruising in the West Indies In diplomats, millionaires and gets back to the parents. Many chowed him, in full Teddy Boy again whten advanced a £3,000,000 loan. 1920, Grattidge was first officer. stars he entertained in his cabin of them are upeless."
Bho had the most-exclusive He scored his greatest muccess
rig, outside a public house, cigarette
flick in one hand, Too burdened / passenger list he had yet known. when delegates were travelling On the starboard side of the to a meeting of the United
knife open in the other. King George V launched her deck was a lively party presided Nations. The atmosphere was
Compulsory, homework is one
"I asked him what he would In September 1934. Her name over by Lord Beaverbrook and frigid until the Queen Mary's had been decided Д month Including Lord and Lady Brown captain emptied a parcel of toys paliletive. But such compulsion use the knife for. Well, he illegal. Even if it were not said, if anybody, tried to pinch earlier when
Hayden, low, Lady Lettice Lygon, on the floor of his cabin.
the teachers are too burdened 10 Cunard's chairman, was staying Richard Norton and Lord and
When they "A kind. of at Balmoral. He told the King Lady Weymouth
enchantment take it on. It would be the last my that the Cunard directors were not watching Lady Way- settled on the cabin," he writes, straw
Besides, there da nowhere
Six years from now the wanted permission to name the month (now Mrs Kan Fielding) Blatesmen knoll on the of home for the ciskiren, to do number of 15-year-old boys will,
a frenzy liner after the most illicious turning somersaults after break presand knees In and remarkable woman who had fart, they were writing out their clockwork. But there were still homework to up by half as much again. Every teacher agrees that, Unless the authorities: thekle ever been queen of England. views on world, problema for disealt momenta Belgium's
problem off Paul Speak wanted the bear. Bir despite their poor Mving condle: now the The King was deeply moved. Lord Beaverbrook to 200.
Loridora He said, "That is the greatest Punk
Alexander Cadogan was playing tone their chikken bave kod morrow Teddy Bor compliment that has ever been captain of the queens by cape why and Mr. Gromyko sald, much pocket money? But how they face an unprecedented out- paid to me and my wife, I'll stain "e" herritaratza egiani je kunnen
No, nor l'e mine,1% You pro can parents be made to me the burst i jak ber permission
LAUNCHED
.Lord.
Mire
one of them told me, N