THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1956.
TWENTIETH CENTURY TREASON TRIALS, NO. 2,
Hanged By A Passport
T
He Did
HIS is the story of
an Irishman, American
231
it 11
Englishman and IL
Not
By NIGEL GEE
German. They are one and
William The Joyces, father and son, the same person, Joyce, who acquired each took sides with the party of Inw
and order, and when this yield nationality by inheritance, ed to revolution, they withdrew birth, implied allegiance or to England. naturalization.
youth, William Joyce had de-
Within
the limlis
of
Granted free choice to dis- clured his alignment In the Joyce Chooses
from himself
the "Troubles." He had served “in entangle accidents of chance, Joyce might an Intelligence capacity with
/HEN the break
Need
On these two counts however, the defence won. By establish ing beyond doubt his American birth, Jayco was seen to have acted within his legal rights. He hod gone to Germany as n
nationality
and with
was more
the charge
right hand of the leader, Sir citizen of a neutral state, and as
could Mosley, but he was such he
broadcast his Oswald never accepted by the more res change fined element which controlled impunity. On that score Britain
had the parly hierarchy.
no case against him, nor Irud America, which at the time Joyce became a German Was a neutral
bystander in the European struggle.
The third count came ine speciile. It confined
splinter group of tween the outbreak of war and the British National July 2, 1940, the date on which Its Joyce's British passport expired. of Britain's Socialist League, which as
name implied leaned nearer to His American citizenship did not Hitler than to the dictator whom necessarily invalidate this count. the Fascists had taken as their Though Joyce had itd in order
to obtain a British passport, so" model, Mussolini, Hla
he long as it remained valid
K And
have elected to be British, but the British forces. The granting Wevitably, Joyee stumped off of high treason to the dates be circumstances and the star he of, Hcene Rule,
his then, to chose to follow were irreconell dissident compatriols seemed no to form a able. He was swept into a crime, less a betrayal of himself and Fascism, for which "the country which his fomlly than
dearly," 20
I love hangod him.
years,
of the
Britain, traditional role.
Rubicon
10
13
extreme
to
conservative
treason.
ROBERT COLEMAN TELLS HOW THE FABULOUS TAJ MAHAL AT AGRA WAS BUILT
TRULY ONE OF
THE WORLD'S STRANGEST STORIES
W
f
ITH rations of mouth, flower soft and senst-
TW meat tive....high girl breasts; fastened beneath shawl of blue,”
their saddles, the Her sari was a tissue of rose with golden yellow-skinned, flat-nosed, silk embroidered
petcocks and cypress trees. Her savage hordes of Tartars necklace, a long collar of gems and Mongols (or Moghuls) known as the “nine lucky stones
LOVE STORY IN MARBLE
fall upon India and treasures in 1899.
her of India," squares of gold en- crusted with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, opals, tur quoise, cats' eyes, chrysoprase, and moonstones.
Shah Jahan quite lost his
Shahjahannabad,
the original grow and grow until it became In what some have without hesita- name for modern Delt.
ho tlon claimed to be the world's the middle of the town
built the great mosque, the most beautiful building. Jamma Musjid, which could
It is a dream in white, a tomb hold thousand worshippers.
built of pure white marble
on . It was sald of the Moghuls standing
vast marble that they "bullt like giants and torrace crowned by A
The Moghul leader was Tamerlane ("Great Wind of the World"). In his train came rough, jolting carts heart for filled with gems, gold and "He preferred in his heart the finished like goldsmiths," and dome in the centre and smaller silver; and with the jewels.
women; always women
least ringlei' that curled
Joyce says he was brought up Protestations of love from a
with imperialistic ideas." convicted traitor fall Aptly on was the philosophy of the bright
From that point it was a short
to the the ears of the betrayed. Yet it
his uniform, every man in his own sugr time, le mote enter when enjoyed its protection. he torn from their homes and Duton her exquisite neck to the
Drone of the world" and the gunboat dis. is probably true that from his
war came, he faced internment he enjoyed its protection, adolescent
when this patched
rebellious or treason. Joyce chose treason. owed In return a temporary husbands. distant statement was made,
this parts. If that had once been the A few days before the declara- allegiance to the Sovereign. In
allegiance, In breaking that tion, he left for Germany. crossing
might, mainspring of Britain's
commit high German
citizenship in 1940, it no longer was so. But Joyce his luggage was the British pass could be held to Joyce was milded by a love for was not growing with the times, port which was to hang hun.
His work for the Germans is what he
Britain's conceived
well known. He served them zale to be, and by the means
to Like The Army considered
throughout the war as British
caster,
voice achieve that end.
gloating. wheeling or threatening to his people and their elected lenders
case for to Britain em- British listeners. At one time he had betrayed themselves. Joyes TOYCE went
The passport bittered at the treatment of commanded
considerable cast himself in the role of Moses,
faster developed and through him they would his family, perhaps in material audience. There were those who than the processes of law, and
turned to
Hamburg out respects with some justification, emerge from the wilderness.
but he set off to build his life curiosity, out of a desire to hear no ruling on this point existed. After hearing the submissions of
necessary
The
HOTL
his
broad- Judge Decides
CUCH' was the prosecution. had syston
unseen an
ho
Young
Shab Jaham ("King of the World''), born in 1592, · was destined to become the fifth Meghul Emperor in Delhi.
Every
no
the
That Joyce way bom as in the pattern he had always both sides, for the strange senga- both sides, the judge ruled that American 14
of henring now beyond dis intended. He nursed the ambi- tion pute. His father,
Irish Lion to become an officer in the enemy, or simply for amuse tre helder of a British passport Crown emigre, becaune. Ainerican before Briste Army, and politically he ment. Whatever the move, it owed allegiance to the Joyce was born. Yet his Ameri- inclined towards the Conserva- was rarely the one which Joyce even when he was outside the can nationality had little signi- tive party.
hts life схеерь legally, at its close, inheritance
ficanco
பா
Bad intended.
Though he attained a high
degree honours
la often stronger than the mere intellectual lowa
and Joyer of nations, America in his early childhood, conversant remained predominantly "Irish.
whose family renounced University,
Spied For Britain
stature through on at London observer more อก with the ways of
ol
"Jairmany Calling"
girl in Indla or Asia, matter how influential her family, would have counted it an honour to be beckon-
ed into his harem. . Both
public opinion and the laws of India at that time were unanimous that no restraint should ever be placed upon the love life of a Moghul Emperor.
realm.
That ruling encompassed the downfall of William Joyce. He was sentenced to death, and the But to have the right to conviction was upheld by both all girls was, in his case, to the Court of Appeal and the
We are not success was negligible, House of Lords, lie was executed long for one, English lite could have fold His
and his audience shrank as on January 3, 1946. him he had little hope
quite sure how he first mot storming these two bastions of the war progressed. He was in-
says comle title of Joyce,
then, was hanged by her, but one account tradition. The gloss of academie Vested with the
Lord
and it Haw-Haw, education could not obscure the.
must his possession of a British pass that at a sports meeting on the have
disappoint port. As an American ho had been
the sacred banks of a bitter peasant within, and he was re-
ment to Britain's self-appointed no need of it, but he may have Jumma she admired his T was to the land of their buffed in both ambitions,
carried on saviour, when
been the victim of a mistake, skill with the javelin. He was then a natural con- stretcher after his capture, he either through his own wishful returned in 1909. There they re- vert to the nascent Fascist heard British troops mocking thinking and uncertainty of his i mained until common prudence Party, trumpeting in grotesque
a deception THE GALAXY bade them all the Irish Sea to and puerile vulgarity through the nasal tones of his call-sigm, status, or through
"Jairmany calling." To the last consciously practised, even on England, Native Irishmen were the streets, as unsure of Itsi
who had destination at that time I two
ultimate
never his son, by his father Michael -the dhe British, сапир-
understood him, rebusted him.
Joyce, to Gaderene swine, those who proyed and fought to be rid of the allen oppressor, Hore again he was ultimately
positions be denied and those who compared the to. orderliness of the
with its his kerbside which they respected, with the wildcat conspirators who were his natural talents for leader their despised fellow country- ship and discipline had pro- noted him to sit even at the
fathers that the Joyce family.
mez).
British rul
of
MUMTAZ MAHAL
She was his priceless jewel... He wanted the world to remember her... 20,000 men worked for 21 years to enshrine her memory in the most beautiful building in the world.
SHAH JAHAN
Her namo was Arjamand But criminal responsibility is The father was in no doubt Basu and she was 18 years of not necessarily in proportion to about his own nationality, but age on their wedding day in lenders, the success of the crime.
.uld **** 1812- little
for UN The for reasons best known to him- aftrays
Shah Jahun - Oriental bride. attempt is enough, and so in self he fold another son, due course William Joyce
gave her the "palace nome" or to mention it.. was Quentin, never
which means when. William was in Mumtaz Mulial,
in
"and brought to the Central Criminal In 1934,
"The Jewel of the paluce," indicted on thưve the midst Court to be
of street
battles, when he looked at her the Michaet counts for high treason.
Joyce performed the Kon-l-Nur Diamond adorning But perhaps the best way of last symbolic rite of renuncia- | A
his grandfather Hon by burning his American the grave of
describing her is to say that the palace grounds might have she looked to him as any wife boon no more than cut
Bisss.
does to the husband who loves And he became Prince Khurrom.
Peacock her. The
£6,000,000 Throne, a glittering galaxy of
which
weighed gema one of 80 to 90 carats from which he rose to take her in his armS was just a handy
armchair.
WELL, WHAT D'YOU KNOW!
They Use Millstones For Money!
in
The Defence Scores passport,
In statements both as a young count he was man before he became a Fascist ON the first charged
with
after his final arrest, traitorously and adhering in time of war to the William Joyce had owned to the
doubts King's enemies, bring a person but had affirmed at the same about his nationality, owing allegiance to the King, by time that he believed he broadcasting on dates between September 18, 1930 and May 29 British, if only because in Ire-His wife was all that mattered,
Jand 1945. The second count charged
WAN
he and England the family and
treasures.
ith high treason in the had been treated as such. game terms by purporting to become naturalised es, a German
THY people say they shell out" when they pay citizen on September 26, 1940. their debts may seem strange- until you re-Had, in fact, Joyce been member that sea-shells have been used as money British
for centuries.
The most common type of shell is money-cowry, found mainly in the Indian Ocean. It was once accepted as coinage in Bengal. 3,840 shella being worth une rupee. The annual Importation of money-cowry was valued at 30,000, which was "shelling in" in a big way.
In Portuguese West Africa, the shell of the land snail is used os money. It is usually cut into rings, which are strung together. The North American Indians had their own form of shell currency-Wampum. Wampum came in two colours, white and purple, each colour having its own value. It circulated in some parts of America until the 18th century, and so completely took the place of ordinary coinage in trading between the Whites and the.Indians that its value was fixed by law!
There have been many other odd forms of money-rock salt in Abyssinia, hoes in the regions of the Upper Nile, iron und sloth in Central and West Africa, stone sxe blades in New Guinea, uperm-whale teeth in Fiji, and brilliant red feather bands in Santa Cruz.
But perhaps the queerest currency of all is the millstone money of the people of Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, Thero is no metal on Yup, so the natives decided to use stone as qur- rency. Then they agreed not to have their own stone, but import a special kind from the Pelew Islands, 200 miles away.
TWELVE FEET ACROSS
to
The idea was that if their money were to have any real value, It must not be too common. It was felt, also, that great labour nhould be spent in hewing it into shape..
The natives of Yap certainly go for big money the shape they decided on was a millstone The stones vary in size from one to 12 feet, across. The islanders make holes in their income --but only so that they can carry it about on a pole.
Value increases with size, but the quality of the stone is also
a factor in deciding the amount of the owner's bank balance. The Yaps call their giant colna “fel."
Fortunatoly for Yap women on shopping days, the millstone money is not usually carried about. When a deal is completed,
In fact, ono.
n'
citizen, he could have offered little defence to either charge, for he did broadcast and he did become a German citizen.
(COPYRIGHT)
NEXT SATURDAY : The Private Army Of John Amory
loaded her
.
haz
In this happy atmosphere (which
tended****** to exasperate historians in its obsence of lusty, conquest and
living) with promiscuous
thero entered a new golden age, the ago of Indian architecture,
What exactly did she look like? Edwin Arnold, describing miniatures which still exist, has pictured "A face to-win worship ...kind but good, Love-lighted eyes curtained with long, fine, swroping eyelasher. Sweetest
red
certainly although Shah Jahan domes at each corner, began by using the warm
of sandstone sands
the country, be
came eventually to use marble IN BLACK more and more. He favoured the Inlay of precious and semi- precious stones upon his build- ings, and simple decorations of flowers and vines,
great
arc
The years passed. Shah Jahanscriptions one of which says
bullt Special
Q
Inside she lies, and no words can describe the rott beauty of her burial chamber, the inlaid prvelous, stones, agates, blood-
jasper. There his own palace with
"The audlence hall, 370 foot simply,
Illustrious High above the sepulchro of Arjamand Banu columns, written in Begam, called Mumtaz Mahal; golden Persian script, was the died, 1831." incription: "If there is a Heaven on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this,"
'GOOD-BYE'
in length. noble
visit Those who
the Taj Mahal know that it mirrors the moods of the weather. In moonlight it is pale, ethereal, ghostly...appearing to rest be tween heaven and earth. At sunset the rays will catch the jewels, turning it golden red.
Не
Meanwhile, his wife at her husband's alde advised and
Fortunately, Shah Jahan lived helped him in governing, the country
The coins of the to see the completion of the Taj realm at his wish were stamped Mahal,
had; however, with the inscription "Gold has planned to build another tomb a hundred times the splendour for himself cxicily opposite. added to it by receiving the im- This was to have been of black marble with a bridge of silver pression of her name.".
connecting the two, Shah Jahan went on building
There were happily.
the
mind Tecla gardens of Shalimar at Kashmir thought of two Taj Mahals, one where each summer the court in
The
at
the
went for a holiday. Then at in white, the other in black and by band of silver-like Agra e built the Hall of lovers holding hands across a Private Audience, the marble stre
Die stream. But when the founda topped Jasmine
Tower, the
Lions of this second tomb were Moti Mosque of Pearl, the
being laid the rebellions of his Masjid, where reflection of Ught pons put an end to his hopes. Alled the while arches with But what matter. His plan for Mumtaz Mahal was complete,
shimmering colours, the chang
ing tints giving a sense of music being played.
How редсе
And the youngest daughter,
long could it last, the Guahar Ara he adored her, and love? hardly. letting her out of his prosperity Eight handsome sons
At the ago of 19 she Mumtaz sight. Mahal bore fimm and six was badly burned by accident.
father asked an daughters with the promise of Her unhappy
English doctor who had soll their mother's beauty.
factory
on the banks of the One day, when his wife was Hoogly to attend her: He saved near to the delivery of their her life, and as a reward Dr 14th
child he was called Gabriel Broughton was granted to traxle with the urgently to her bedside. She permission whispered a word of love, Dutch and Portuguese on equat agrod him to look after the terms. children and said "Goodbye." Then she was dead.ond. Shah Jahan in a torrent of tears.
It was all over is a moment. The chlid, a daughter, named Gauhar Ara, lived,
Just as a man works best HIS GRIEF when happy in love, so Shah Jahan pursued his passion for building. He built a city and called
himself.
it
after
GERMANY AGAIN EYES COLONIES
U
Berlin ERMANY'S yearning for colonies is awakening
By GEORGE MANNERING
יי
scás research and development work, otherwise Africans and Asians will learn to out-class The reopened school fiery Bavarian General Ritter them. In industry and agri- again. After Hitler's Reich paying lip service to changed von Epp, a dichard German culture. collapsed in ruins, Germans conditions will be named direction
colonial, took over general were kept busy rebuilding the Institute of Tropical
Often, say the spokesmen. their own country. Now, and Sub-tropical Agricul- school, was to keep alive
His job,
and that of the Germany is asked to send young the technicians overseas. But the with Germany booming, young Germans are eager
clamour for colonial territories technicians have not the right -with their raw materials, oven kind of training to suit condi- to go overseas.
though Hitler was really more interested in a grandiose scheme for carving colonies out of the Because of this, one spokes Ukraine, the Baltic States, and, man complained, Germans other parts of Eastern Europe. abroad are sometimes employ
are.
The places they should most like to settle in the Kaiser's onetime ter- ritories in Africa-Tangan- yika, Southwest Africa, the Cameroons, Togoland.
To train them in colonial development work
and
foster the "colonial spirit," Germany's old Colonial School at Witzenhausen, near Kassel, is to be reopen- ed early this summer.
Closed By Allies
This school
was closed
the native acquiring the coin just leaves it where it is, even by the Allies when Germany if it happens to be with the previous owner! woaliby family on Yap have never even seen their wealth. The fell. Largo amount of "el they possessed was lost during a storm and lies at the bottom of the sea. But since everyone knows it is thero, it is regarded as quite as safe on it would be at the Bank of England.
The Yape monetary system may seem silly to anyone outside the daland, but, after all, it's not very much different from our so-
„ called "civilised” methods. Not many people outside the Treasury
Now, only a year after West Germany regained sovereignty,
Chancollor Adenauer's Ministry of Food and Agriculture has pro mised an annual grant of
see the gold we store away to give value to our money. It costs 100,000 marks (£8,850) to
us a lot to dig up gold in South Africa, and all we do with it is
to bury it again in vaults nt further expensol
its head, Dr Curt Winter. Other government depart-
The Yape do have the pleasure of seeing their hard cash monts are likely to double lying about the island.
that figure.
turo.
But it will still be known locally by Its old name. The original school
was founded in 1898 when Ger- man Imperialism was at its After World. War peak, One it was run in subdued
Future Tasks
the
Today, Dr Adenauer's spokes form.
men are diffident about Hiller injected new life into school's future tasks. it. The Nazi Party formed ita
They point out that Germans own Colonial Department, and want to keep in line with over-
MANDRAKE THE MAGICIAN
I HATE TO LEAVE-- TODAY OF ALL DAYS BUT I MUST VISIT COCKAIGNE.
I KNOW, OR, NARDA--
HE SUDDENLY HYPNOTIZES HER-
THERE ARE PACKAGES.
AND FLOWERS, IN YOUR
CABIN. YOU WILL NOT
SEE THEM UNTIL THE BOAT MOYES.
A REVOLT
But tragedy still alalked. On June 6, 1058, one of his 500s, Aurangazeb, revolted against Shah Jahan, turned him·· off his throne and usurped his rule. Aurangzeb's first action was to imprison his father in His griet was terrible. Cen- the Jasmine Tower in Agra temporary accounts say that his Fort-the tower that. Shah hair and beard turned grey," He Jahan had so
Iovingly built would not eat. He wanted to years before. resign his idngdom and talked of going away into the wilder- ness. For two years the court was in the deepest mourning.
The imprisoned king was not alone in his coll. One daughter, Johan Ara, shared his lonely Me. Together they placed ́a He laid her softly to rest in crystal mirror on one wall so a garden of flowers. As he did that all day--and all night a thought stabbed his brain, when there was moonlight-he He who had built the world's could see his Taj Mahal across fairest buildings would raise the the water in the distance. best of alla buliding upon
Shah Jahan died in his prison, which no-man might gaze with-
old man, on February 1, out feeling cleaner, sweeter for an
He was 74. His faith the memory of Mumtaz Mahal, 1066.
ful daughter Jahanı Ara corried". Shah
Jahan summoned his to his grave in the Taj Mahal- team of architects. Among them at the side of Mumtaz Mahal
Ustad Isa great golden basin full of her were his favourite, Afandi, and a Venetian, Gero- own jeweb. nim Veronco. No one is quite certain which was
If one day you should vilt Then, at Agm, for
for tho Taj Mabul then test its. architect.
Stand beside long years (from 1831 to peculiar echo.
two who 1852), about 20,000 labourers the grave of those
The loved
coll strove towards perfection. The
and
ortly! ed as "cheap labour". And in
"Arjamand world gave of its treasures And from all round the bulld Brazil, he said, they have even
Banu-Shah to take Jobs with Negro sapphires from Ceylon, jade from China. Masons came from
will echo the two Ing
nimea families. That is "intolerable,”
Baghdad and allversmiths from mingling fainter, higher, softer The Fatherland
and more, tenderly. must pro-France to aid the builders.
Until at last-to vide a training to prevent this
what sounds like "I Every day the Shah watched love you"--they do away and bort of thing happening.
tho Taj, a name which is in the echo ir no moro, ́(COPYRIGHT)
itself a term of endoarment,
tions there.
GOODBYE HAVE
NARDA--
A GOOD TRIP
SNAP
the
By Lee Falk and Phil Davis
CR-* GOODBYE-- THANK YOU-
OH DEAR--MANDRAKE DIDN'T
EVEN REMEMBER THAT TODAY IS MY BIRTHDAY! ON,WELL-- HE'S SO BUSY
senior
(COPYRIGHT)
EVEN
MAGICIANS
Carl Carlsberg