SOVIET HOPE IN A FREE GERMANY
Trojan Horse' Manoeuvre
By Antony Terry
USSIA'S "Shadow Gov. interior one day, is not popular He was R
re. with most Germans. "rnment" for a
branded as n trailor when * he united Germany-the men went over to the Reds. But Moscow has been grooming allegations that he was a spy for accretly for years to share Russle have never been proved, In fact, no one has been able
top jobs in a future Father-10 estabilah anything against
land restored to its prewar John-except that he chose Com size-felt hope surge anew munism to further his ambillons after Geneva that "Der to rise to the top of the ladder. The Russians vajue him for his Tag may not be far away.
There is nothing openly Com- experience in running West Ger
there Soviet-any's security services after the munist about
are war. sponsored pollians who being trained for
the role of
THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, AUGUST
ANDR
CHAPTER TWO!
of the
GARBO STORY
by MICHAEL RUDDY
·
I
Beverly Hills.
T has often been asked why Greta Garbo shuns people except few intimate for a
to
Now all the Soviet German friends, profoundly dislikes Ickroom
boys seem the the press, and seems Western observers wrong side of the Iron Curtain revel in a peculiar unhappi-
running Germany one day.
But to
they are one of the reasons for Russia's sudden acceptance
П
on
clever 11889.
There is Dr Hermann Rausch-
the
brillantly of ning, Waren propounification
ing former Nazi Governor of Danzig for discussing
who fell out with Hitler and to ancl Germany's
weekly paper In the tiny edito which
ended security,
Germany devoted to Gencya stalemate and cleared Wor
German - Soviet the way
East-West furthering the for Foreign Ministers meeting in understanding. October,
These Soviet "shadow men Stands High
are being grocmed for a special Trojan rolc-to be Moscow's
Insid Horec
Independent
an Rusdana Germany.
The For know that, given the free elec- tions which the West demands, the city million Germans on both sides of the Iron Curtain Com. will never vote for the
puppet figures at pr munist Bent ruling East Germany.
Nor will Russia ngree, to Kovernment run entirely pro-Western German Chaneel- lor Adenauer and his men. In Bon, who would gain most of the votes at a free election.
Von Paulus
of
a
by
Owi
The Russlang have therefore, secretly bullp their shadow government for a future Germiny composed
record whoy background and would appeal to the matt in the street,
Rauschning is the Red, nor, he will tell you, is he a fellow- traveller. a parlour-Bolshevik' to the Germans enll them.
hu
3.
"I guess Garbo's happy when's she's depressed,' famous star said to me when I asked him to explain her "Bat h.o w moodiness. beautiful she looks when And that she's unhappy! voice of hers?"
He imitation
did
Gurbo
1955,
CHILDHOOD IS THE
Greta Garbo and John Gibert in a torrid love scene from
"Flesh And The Devil,"
SECRET OF
HER SHYNESS
for tho
low, melancholy, volce. "I can how well she wore them. The 'This he told 10 hi friends,
пос work, too."
catalogue sent out to hip resistants, whom he asked customers of the PUB had two to think of names The only work she could and pages of Gresa Gustafson dream woman.
at a barbershop, a few wearing the latest in temining streets from the tenement. She headgear,
and business wi was a lathergirl,' Sho lothered brisk for the next fortnight in the customers while the berber
millinery. stopped his razor. She washed the towels and ironed them in the back room, and all this she dild while the was atill at school.
Finally she asked her mother If she could leave school and look for a better job.
room.
A week afterwards she was chosen for a commercial
When the young student from the Royal Dramatic Theatre came to his studio, Bliler know she was the woman,
His first words to her were: Blm "Miss Gustafsson, you are too made for the store in which fat. You
must lose several
to Tuming
his ho said: "Isn't she
SOITIC.
Nollee those eye.
the sos to display clothes as worn by "the world's
worst kilos," dressed woman." A touch of assistants,
beautiful! comedy and Greta did the role well.
How they shadow the It was her beginning in Irchest
checks. She
tell Alms.
and Greta got the first job ahe
straight. Her feet are narrow. esteed for an assistant in the The "Mack Sennett of She stands well." millinery department of the Sweden, Erie Petschler, Rave PUB department store. The tall her a bathing beauty part in 15-year-old arranged displays peter the Tramp," filmed in of hats and helped in the stock late summer of 1922 in the countryside near Stockholm. She wore a block one-pices Blushing in confusion, the and whole waited. He directed her in her sult, 'looked helly
test, and tersely told his aides that "she is shy end has to Then she entered the Royal learn about technique, but the One night, she stayed 'late to Dramatic Theatre to train as an talent is there." finish a display. and while actress. Fellow students Bay. waliding homo she passed the she was shy and aloof bul
"I will stagdoor of a theatre. On an earnest about her studies. The impulse, she entered with a only thing she revealed of her group of players.
inner self was her admiration In the aim of the Swedish for Carl Brisson, then
Gusta classic, "The Story of No one stopped her. She Stockholm
She Berling," she played the second matinee idol. watched the play from back- 10
times to woman's part, a pure, becutiful. written several stage
she had and, starry-eyed,
her maiden her him, fervently expressing
whose love treatments to a nearby hospital, come koma, and told
saves a man of the she accompanied him. Years mother, fired and sleepy, where admiration for him. By chance, devotion
Brisson mentioned Greta, the cloth who has become on later she said she was distressed she had been,
protty student at the Royal alcoholic and a chaser. Dramatic Theatre, to the lead- ed endless hours before he was
ing director In Swedish films, looked after by the dogtor and at having to wait for what seond
Mauritz Suller, an old friend. the nurse.
11 passable
the of But Western observers be-voice, and I understood what
soon this became dirty. In these other children who cheer- leve that Rauschning is one of he meant.
spring it was'a district of muddy fully romped as healthy young- the men who stands high on
streets and strong smelis. In sters do, she would stand In a the Sovie! "shadow cabinet." A psychiatrist went further.
summer it was dusty and dirty, corner looking miserable. As
Nozl" old-time "An
Her fear of people is rooted in
Children who lived in those
In her her childhood, he said, and from
sadness; could appeal to the Hitler fana-
her father tenements had to play in the a fulure Germany,
what I have been told and have backyards, where the wash was He was the only one for whom ties in a
was compassionate and gentle. Another uf
Moscow read her childhood WOB 15-
ing out, or in the streets." Cabinet" is 76-year- happy. "shadow
she seemed to have affection. old Dr Joseph Wirth, who lives French Zang, As
When he went today in thre
ter weekly bo was former Prime Minister under the demperatle Weimar Republle, the Soviet set store by him.
of
There's a story related Garbo writing to a girl friend in Stockholm, and several let- ters began the same way: "Oh, I hate this ugly country. The cheerful. people! They are always so
50
happy looking. They canite at you, talk to you cheerfully even when they don't know you."
harl
They are willing to overlook the fact that he is toplo
Greta men coming senile and that scarcely a single person in the Germany of 1955 can remember the man who was Prime Minister for one brief year in 1021.
But, behind the camouflage, the are strictly on the men Moscow side and see the future of their country In a Russian- German alliance.
Foremost among them is ex- Field Marshal Von Paulus, the "Hero of Stalingrad."
This was in her early years In Hollywood.
Was
In a low whisper Greta said: Mother, cae day I shall be an actress,"
Her mother smiled, and made no comment as she
her gave daughter a simple supper.
birthday
she
Greta's parents came from the farmlands of southern Sweden, and in the city Karl Gustaffan was often ill. When he worked it was as a labourer or at odd
slaughterhouse. 995, like a clean-up man in a
a brother and sister, both older-Sven and
Grela's father died in 1910, Alva. She
n disappoint- ment to them when she refused and the loss to her was greater
than her mother or her brother- to play with them in the gutters and sister had imagined. Un.
On her 15th and the backyards. She used doubtedly his death had much to want to eee Corl Brisson at the and she sit by herself on the stoop, do with the forming of her Mosebacke Theatre. in silence, looking, at the character, revealed in later years, developed a schoolgirl "crush" on him. On the walls of the sky, the birds, the passers-by, in her strong personality trails.
shared with her bedroom sho to brighten only
At the impressionable age of of Carl. Brisson clipped from sister she hung up photographs when her father came home.
1, she had lost the one human And Wirth has already Lovisa Gustaffan was born in When she was eight, she was who shared her secrel thoughts, magazines, and confided to her shown he is willing to go along a four-room flat at 32. taller than
her brother and who understood her longing for sister that it she could meet Xic would be com- with Russia. He has
Stzet, backed Blenkingegatan
In the sister. Other children teased privacy, for being alone, and him her Russian plans for u "united
Southside district poor
about her height. The who might well have helped her plete. Germany" and, in return, has Stockholm, on the wrong side Skinny One," they called her. to emerge from this desire for been feted and banqueteci in of the River Matar, on Septem- And she ran to her father for vexily alone. East Berlin.
ber 18, 1805.
comfort,
It was he who signed the
Ger.. Rapallo Teraty between many and Russia 34 years ago Soviet- forerunner of the German Friendship Part which
will Moscow hopes
swing Germany Into the Soviet orbit ono day.
He has been handpicked by the Kremlin for the post of Minis- ter of Defence in a unified Ger- many
Von Pautus
can be made S popular because he saved thou sands of German lives by defying Hitler and surrendering the re- mains of his baitered armies of Stalingrad.
It is true that Greta Gustafson .......her ful name
Was
Gretn
to sit
and
of her
scemed
at
The advertising director the PUB store had noticed the
hate, and
observed
A month later, when Stiller from asked for livo actresses the Theatre, he asked that ono Bo Grela Gustafson whom ho", had never met.
And Stiller shouted: reven "
and
The reittionship of Suller and Greta Garbo, the name he gave her, was established. Day after day be taught her, Instructed her in techhiques, guided her;
and humbly, listened and patiently, Jeaned,
sho
To his associates at the studio It looked like Svengali- Trilby affair, Ho was making her over before their eyes, Unmarried, Stiller Wis 40, and, day by day, the change
into his life, was cpparent, when she came
He, had an ideal of the perfect A great film star was born.
women
Beiress.
who' would be beautiful, sensual, mysterious When he found and talented. this woman, ho would erasta tall girl in millinery; saw her of her the world's greatest Following the death of her These are only a few of the figures Russia is keeping up her
At 'school, she seemed A Swedish friend of mine, Mrs
father, life for Greta Gustaffson try on the dis- cove when the day for Ger-
John Clauson, told me:
"We inclined to play with the other ruddenly became harder. man re-unification comes with-
Her mother went out to do Ger- were always sorry for children children, and with reluctance 80,000,000 in reagh and
who lived in the Southside.
de participated in the organised housework and laundry. HCT to mans look like being able
parks or gardens games at the local playground. brother and sister got jobs in their Im- deelde
own future. They had no
brother and sister the city. It the Foreign Ministers nuke in which to play. There were Even her
It looked commented that she didn't ever no trees, no flowers. progress in their October talks best in winter when the fresh want to play with other children. "I will go and find a job also. that day may be nearer
snow was clean and white. But Aloof, strangely ill at vase with mother," Greta said in her
Second on the list of Russian "hopes"
is the man who threw up a big job in West Germany's Intelligence Service for the hope of getting an even more portant past in a Germany of the future.
Otto John, who thinks he will be Germany's Minister of
the
we think.
than
IT'S A LONG WAY FROM A BOX OF MATCHES TO A WORLD-WIDE FINANCIAL DEBACLE
THE KREUGER CRASH
I
most dramatic story
-T was perhaps the
ONE
STRANGEST OF THE WORLD'S
HAROLD WALTON
STORIES TOLD BY
And
flashed from Paris
that
Saturday afternoon of March 12, that Ivar Kreuger had shot himself..
"Incredible!
Impossible!
said those who first heard it.
a
1
Kreuger, of course, was swindler. There сать be -50 escape from that conclusion. But like so many of his kind before and after him he prob- ably did not set out deliberately to swindle.
:
them, suddenly, without How did Kreuger get away good that soon many European with it? How did he amass and South American states were warning,, everything came un-
Perhaps ho honestly intended up for queueing
Kreuger's stuck. such credit? And was the to
to break up the log-jam which The biggest "catches"
Kreuger had been in New was throttling the credit of blame for the collapse of all his money.
were France, to whom Kreuger grandiose plans?
Lent £15,000,000, and Gennany, York, end the question hed Europe and making for that arken there about some Italian great depression which, in later who received £25,000,000.
bonds. These had appeared in years, was to throw up. Hitler the, Kreuger and Toll balance and create the conditions for a sheet at
£7,000,000. Krauger second world war.
Ivar Kreuger was born at Kalmar, in South-East Sweden. In 1879. Ho started in the firm of
Д shore
£2,500,000.
There were, of course, one or One was that before two snags. Kreuger could lend money he first had to borrow it. This, be- cause of the strength of Swedish credit, was fairly easy.
was pressed to produce them. But he underestimated the
He
He found it was, He parried the question and dimeulties. left for Europe.
reached after all, not so easy to transfer ong country to Sweden could miss money on Paris on the afternoon of March credit from
whereas
another, end this drove him to He called a many 11, 1932.
meeting Wall Street Far-sighted man
number Contral
countries with a European
foreign artifices which he hoped would (Britain's Sir Guy be all right." far could not, but nonetheless the financiers Was D
to be paid their Granet among them) for 11 a.m. lenders had interest,
the following day at the
· Ho
of
And like to many swindlers,
he tried to cover up one fraud
But it was true enough, Kreuger and Toll, building con- only too true. Ivar Kreuger, tractors, and in 1917 he formed Match Company one of the richest men in the Swedish
of capital inter- with 151 the world and nationally famous financier had arrived in Paris from Americi, bought himself
Now, Kreuger pistol, and, while business associates waited for him at sighted man; in his way, he was a meeting had gone along to something of a visionary.
was also a very practical econo-
but merely his apartment and shot him- mist, And after the First World manufacturing side of Swedish said his assistant, to discuss a
War he not only realised that Match was growing enormously desperate situation self through the heart.
books of the like an octopus, with to in It was something
was very wrong in tentacles reaching out to almost Swedish Match Company. credit arrongements
forests Kreguer never went to it. In Said one of the leading the
every
country, Whole the (largely because London, as were bought up to provide stend ps the financiers walted London newspapers on
of the, war, was no timber, pulp factories were with ghowing impatienus,, he following morning: "Nothing longer the great lending centra opened, sold and in mines ob- took his own life.
consequence in the nature of a panic at the world) but he thought he tained. At one time Kreuger
was occur. It is knew how to put it all oright. is likely to known that the position of His idea was simplicity itself. nowspapers. the Kreuger organisation is essentially sound."
At the same time the actual du Rhin. It was moah by perpetrating another.
What a hope!
E
It
WDS
even publishing his own There is an old Latin pun that the Swedish ex luce lucellum from light a Match Company, In return for little lucre. It was trotted out monopoly for the manufacture many lies in those days when and sale of matches in any given men zpake of Ivar Kreuger. country would itself give that country a loan, at "of course, a reasonable rats of interest:
Powerful force
the closo
No, bonds
But
Yet he built in some ways better than most people know. Look today at the strength of ruch companies, he helped to organise as Swedish Match and Ericsson Telephones. None is better founded.
Clearing up
The effects were immediato. A In Stockholm the clearing up wave of selling of Kiuger and at the Kreuger ramifications still Toll securities began. On the goes on (by a British firm of "very morning of his suicido accountants) and the question is 165,000 shares were sold on the often askeɔd' ́(as it has been over. Now York Stock Exchange (the years over, sinon 1932);" Did What a hope that proved to be
alone. Everything came crashing Krouger really commit suicide? down. For in the end the word "panic" To Kreuger there could be no By now he was one of the
Exports have said that the an understatement for more ideal arrangement. became
Much most powerful forces in Inter- And to mica matices worso, financial crisis in his companies what actually did occur. In the needed credit-would now be national finance and a fabulously when his associates looked in was actually over by 1932 and Mentha following Kreuger's available to countries in need wealthy man." He owned islands his private safe in Stockholm, there was never any reason, for of everyone), around Stockholm, he had coun- they found there were no him to take his life. And a few death millions of pounds went (to the boneft down the drain, thousands of while the Swedish Match would try houses, motor-cars, motor Italian bonds at all-onl people out their fortunes and be assured of a business mono- boats, all lavishly equipped and pieces of paper which the Alle savings, and international poly for at least as long as the staffed; he had hours in Stock Tallan's Immediately denounced Fadil in nervy between-the-wars loan remained unpaid, he
holm Central Europe suffered a blow from which It never really re- kedvred.
The first country · Kré tackind was. Fol
the Potes ther bean. £1,000,000 and in retur that - Kreuger's” ad- matcher obydood france cost, ther in Poland Lov
Berlin Paris and Now a forgerien York, and in London a kilte al
one of the most exclufive hoor Thu news file the insc SWANA BRITTIKžién tây riserved i før World lijon
years, ego three associates who
pera privy to the
body this showed muleide
And they
arried out on permet autopsy
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