THE CHINA MAIL, FRIDAY, AUGUST 5, 1955.
CHINA The Shah Fighting Lone Battle
11 WYNDHAL SERIET
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'THOUSAND FAMILIES' OPPOSE REFORMS
Teheran, Aug. 4.
The 35-year-old Shah of Porsia, now fighting alone battle to bring social reforms to 20,000,000 poor workers and peasants, is meeting stiff and Increasing opposition from Parliament.
His reform programme is being sabotaged by the rich, ruling caste of Persia who dominate the Majlis and the Senate (the Lower and Upper Houses of Parliament respectively), who own four-fifths of the cultivated land in the country and who, in their own provinces, behave like little emperors,
Their opposition confronts the zvalous young Monarch with a alemma: ought he, a democratic monarch, ur ought he not to try oppors him?
ounce
crush the men who
By summoning every
of authority which is his under the Constitution and combining it with hh personal popularity and prestige, the Shah probably could crush the ruling easte
But, if he did, the
The noth point, economie I got word to go ahead and fre has been workedail the political appointees In development, out in detail and approved by my office- men under patronage Perstan and Western experts. of the Deputies. They were all Contraels have been signed and on the payroll, but I only saw work is under way on the pro-them once a month-on pny day. tired 40 immediately. There gramme in several provinces.
slampede of Ďapution 10 But the remaining four points my office, but. I told them that stili vall for detailed application, the Shah did not want absentee unless they are to remain well-officials-and in future no more intentioned slogans.
wire-pulling."
WILG
However, slogans or not, they question nrise who would rise in their strike at the roots of the power wake?
of the Shali's opponents — the 1,000 families, the Barons of the anarchistsMostem world.
with
Most likely the revolutionaries and
republicans,
roamed the streets who slicks during the battles which areompanie The overthrow of Doctor Mohammed Morado in Angual 1953.
They want reforms, too. But their programme ends with the of the institution of abolition themarchy. They would welcore Bas removal of the ruling caste. the caste which Persians have named "The Thousand Fami lies"
A Pillar
Sons of the 1.000 families pro- the Army, vide Generals for Deputies and Senators for Par- lament Covernors for the provinces, Ministers for central 11 Government, Ambassadors for They own the foreign service. vnet
or head the big estates merchant and banking familles of Persin.
They generally have incomes, between £15,000 tax free of ant £50,000 a year.
In the countryside, their power over the peasants, while actually that of life Or not
These families, good or bad, are yet a pillar of the nationaldenth, comes near to it.
structure which, if over- weakened, would plunge. Persia into violent upheaval again, and endanger the Throne,
"This is
Is the dilemma
facing The Shah as he sits in Teheran behind the high, white walls of his Palace, plunged In dream: of tomorrow. He has vowed lo exert steady pressure on the Majlis, which
w3 must poss all Government bills before they reforms become law, until his get the hearing they demand.
Most Parliamentary observers hellove unt if opposition here
krow,
The Shah's reforms call for a break-up of the vast estates. But carving up the land-some- times proprietors own a score of villages or half a province would cut at both income I power.
and
Peasants in Persia vote in a block for the proprietor. Their homes, food and clothing depend
upon it.
Boss-Rule
The Shah is, in effect, allack-
the Majlis.
bilin Ko before the
to the ruler's reform programme Ing boss-rule in the countryside.
his political But continues
་ ་ will be reached this Bosses themselves, sitting in the deadlock
alone. In May Shimmer.
He also wants to institute tax shelved Majlis
or emasculated three reform bills - workers' reforms. Officials say that there Lux claims insurance, waste and registru-ure 2,000 unpaid
tion and cheap supplies for amounting to millions of dollars the 1,000 Army personnel. One way of outstanding against rendering a bill harmless is to familles in Teheran alone.
On this issue both the estate the penalty clauses, and
remove
!!
the lies
this is frequently what is done, owners and the merchant fami
side by stand
side in deadlock is reached.
Corruption too. Is good busi- They eal for new elections and in-ness to the 1,000 families. fluence young men of vision. flourish under system whereby energy fat
reformist talent to they can flp £100 in notes to a corrupt offelal to evade pay- stand for Parliament,
Well-informed Persians doubt, ing £10,000.
Justice reforms would make however whether the struggle between the Shah and Parlin them disgorge Hl-gotten domains, force them to implement ment will dare up into an open and
bills giving the peasants and crisis. At this stage, they agree.
and A allenate the workers more money
improved jiving the Shah cannot 1,000 families without weaken-generally standard. ing the Throne.
The struggle against the 1,000
for on
the familles has gone past 50
Shah, years. Reza father of the present ruler and founder of modern Persia, used of 1 military the weapons dictatorship to get things done.
Dr Mossadeg used terror and menners to get some reforms past the venomous opposition of the Parliament. Mobs chanted "death to the traitors" in the Square outside the Parliament building
Shah could dissolve Parliament opposition. and rule by decree, Or he could
Five Points
The Shah's reforms are based
on live main points:
of
of
1. Elimination of corrup- tion from all walks
public life.
2. Reform machinery of Justice; impartial application of the law.
3. Tax reforms to make until trembling Deputies inside until further notice the under the rich pay, as well as the poor.signed bills. In the countryside, mentioned banks will pay
4. Lond reform-carving nationalist crowds attacked interest at the rate of 1% per up of the big estates and ex-estate owners mansions If laws
annum on minimum monthly pansion of small owner-farmers were not implemented.
D 5. Economie development
tions
income.
and Industry using oil
Step by step with these re- forms goes the fight against the Tudeh (Communist) Party.
balances in current accounts-modernisation of communica- in excess of HK$5000.-; those banks carrying savings ac- counts will pay interest at the rate of 2% per annum as from the same date, subject to the usual regulations. Bank of Korea
Bank of Tokyo Ltd. Banque Belge pour l'Etranger
(Extreme-Orient S.A.)
First National City Bank of
New York
A Reformer
A king as reformer may sound strange to Western ears. But in Persia sull struggling to shake off feudalism, jt is not King versus Baron story
NOTICE TO CONSIGNEES anachronistic.
Consignees per
e in a modern setting.
A reformer's task in Persia is For
enough to daunt anyone.
CIE DES MERBAGERIES MARITIMEs while abolishing the privilege of
4.1. "CAMBODGE"
at consignees risk and subject to
and
the 1,000 familles, he must simultaneously strengthen the will of the poor, subjected to Are hereby notified that their cargo
of exploitation will be discharged into the Hong centuries Kung & Kowloon Wharf & Godown oppression. Indian Overseas Bank Ltd,
Co., Ltd's godown where it will be Но must combat the dis- Nationale Handelsbank N.V.
the wharf's terms and conditions of llusionment of educated Perslang then storage, and where delivery may be who study abroad and ablained
or come Netherlands Trading Society
other stay abroad United Commercial Bank Ltd. Damaged packages are to be left home and haunt salons, criucis- their own in the dodown for examination bying everything in Consignees and the company's suT-
Those who meet him regularly NOTICE TO CONSIGNERS veyors, Meme Goddard & Douglas,country.
at 10 am on Saturday, 4th Aug.
obsessed say that the Shah is
"AJAX" Damaged pergo me this vessel will be surveyed by Moars. Goddard & Douglas
Whert Holt'a
19 km, on August 8, 1945, and coti signens are requbated to have their representatives prevent during the mavoy,
* BUTTERFIELD"» ÚWIRE,
Agerits. Hong Kong, August 5, 1000.
1935.
No clans will be admitted after with Ure need for reforms At the goods have left the godown and Court parties, he smiles absently, talk all goods remaining undelivered after but soon disappears to the 7th August, 1935, will be subject politics to intimates.
to reat.
Nowadays, he attendo Cabinet
All dinim against the vessel must meetings studies foreign reports be presented to the undersigned on in English, French and German
er before the 11st August, 1955, or Ile sends a flood of minutes to they may not be recognised.
Departments' urging notloss and/
'anti- has got up numerou
committore of en corruption
No Fire Insurance will be effected,
CIE DES MESSAGÉRIES MARITIMES
Hongkong. Mh August, 1000.
quiry,
hond re- One departmental ported gleefully: “A month ago,
Stage Set
Apart from the 1,000 families, the stage seems well set for the Shah's reform programme.
The oil agreement signed with Western companies gives Persia tapa trx £80 000,000 0 year in 1057.
The Tudeh Party has been crushest, Soviet diplomacy 19 cordial, Dr Mossadeg is in gaol, Army has been purged of traitors.
Bare White Mail Rhinoceros Notices
This is "Bebe" the female member of a pair of rare white rhinoceros newly arrived at the Regent's Park Zoo. The largest members of the African Rhino family this pair are the Gret
over to be shown at the London Zoo. -- Express Photo.
ISRAELI CRICKETS FOR
BRITISH ANGLERS
Zion, the Tel Aviv, Aug. 4. a gross annual income of near Rishonel
dollars-out small Israeli town where he An Israeli businessman, some 200,000 named Dave Branitzky, is of crickets. If the Shah hings back, he busy breeding crickets for will be accused of indifference British anglers. to the fate of his people. But there is no sign of that.
If he demands rapid progress.
The latest Ames of poulting shown below are those för funk registered correspondence poited af 0,9,0,, Hongkong. The uteri porting times elsewhere which, in general, are earlier than the 0.2.0, time can be kicertaled by enquiry at the local office.
"The "latest poiting times for registered articles are generally one hour earlier than, the timer shown below. Particulars regard- ing parcel mails can be ascer- tained by enquiry at any DOES oflee.
/
FRIDAY, AUGUST 5 By Air Formosa, a.m. Hurma. India, Pakistan, East. Africa, Great Britalis rope, 0 .m.
Kores, 0 p.m.
Philippines, 0 p.in, Japan. 9. p.m.
U.S.A., Canada, 6 p.m.
Dy Surfaco
Burma, Indie, 4 p.m. Macao, 9. pADE,
SATURDAY, AUGUST »
By Aft
Middle
& Eu-
Thailand, Malays, Indonesia, Aus- tralia, New Zealand & Coylon, Neon,
Philippines, 1 pm.
Indo-China, France, $ p.m. Philippines, N. Borneo, a pm. Japan,
6 p.m.
Hawaii, USA. Canada,
Malaya Indonesia, Australia, Now Zealand, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Middle East, Afrios. Grosť Beliain 24 Europe, 0 p.m.
Formosa, Okinawa, Korea, 0 p.m.
By BurfacO
China, Peopless, Republic, 9:30 am, Philippines, Noots.
Fonus, Noom.
Maçao, _p.mm,
Italy Franco, 2 p.m. Barma, India, 3 p.m. Malaya
Bast, Great
Ceylon,
Adan.
Middia
& Europa, 4 pm.
Japan, Canada, i p.m.
China, People's Republic. 6 p.m. Macao, 6 p.m.
INDONESIA
| SOUNDING-OUT.
Colombo, Aug. 4. Indonesia has told Ceylon sho is sounding Communist
to consider the
of
lives, and he already has and Western countries to Mr Brunitzky hopes that ordera for sample shipments arrange an informal conference his crickets will be sold to from some firms in Britain. of all United Nations members
admission When they are ready for Ceylon and He got the idea after anglers in Britain at about
other Afro-Aslan. he is accused of wanting to re-reading about the success of 2d. each. He estimates that shipment-and the fishing countries to the UN, it was re- introduce his father's dictatorialan United States
ported here today. plumber he can breed them and line about a methods, or of trying to over-who gave up a
couple of prosperous despatch by air to Britain months after hatching, he It is understood that the ride the Constitution.
invest 10,000 for a If he can find a way through business to
wholesale price of will send them to Britain by conference would try to reach a difficulties 20,000,000 of dollars in crickets.
understanding which The about £4 sterling per quart. air in specially designed, would prevent any
possibility the poor will benefit, and hts American, Mr A. T. Arm- country will remember him as strong, of Glenville, Georgia,
of any "big power" vetoing in He breeds them in sand-holed, cardboard containers. the Security Council of adinis- "Mohammed Reza Shah--the
sion of these countries.---Reuter, Reformer."China Mail Special. is stated now to be making|bottomed barrels in a grovel-China Mail Special.
thes
MANDRAKE THE MAGICIAN
IF THIS DON'T BEAT ALL! I CAN FEEL SOMETHING --BUT I CAN'T SEE IT AND IT'S HOLDING BACK MY TRACTOR!
FERD NAND
NANCY
TOMATOES
1⁄2 lb 451
JOHNNY HAZARD
CRASHING THE CYCLE WAS AN ONE CHANCE TO SHAKE THE GENERAL IF IT DOESN'T WORK, I'M LIABLE TO WISH EP GONE ALONG WITH IT ON THE DIVE!
PLEASE DON'T KNOCK
IT OVER WITH YOUR TRACTOR, I'M SORRY I LEFT IT IN THE WAY.
?
Huh? LEFT) WHAT IN
MY WAY?
THIS. I'LL RAISE
17 A BIT.
BEWARE
OF FRIENDLY DOG
WHY SHOULD ANYONE HAVE TO BEWARE OF A FRIENDLY DOG ?
હેઇન- - -
"THE CYCLE IS GONE? BUT HOW WHERE?IT
ISN'T POSSIBLE im /.
By Lee Falk and Phil Davis
?!?!
common
By Mik
TALK
ABOUT
MAGIC!
Have you seen
Admiral
AIR CONDITIONERS
AND REFRIGERATORS
6-1
FROZEN FRESH IN THE COUNTRY!
TRY
Libby's
FROZEN FOODS
TODAY!
By Ernie Bushmiller
BUSHMILL Ement
By Frank Robbins
GENERAL OVER THERE!
RECAPTURE THEM... ALIVE! -
I THINK IT IS TOO LATE TO
DAIRY BOX
MILK
CHOCOLATE
...this situation
calls for
San Miguel