THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1954.
Gladstone-The Premier Loathed By Victoria
Two
names
CURRENT BOOK REVIEW
are in-
variably associated in history with that of Queen Victoria - Dis- raeli and Gludstone.
These two men, the one Vasy of manner and warm-heurized, the uther austere and self- righteous, were probably us little alike as men can be. But One thing they nad is common-they were both outslanding Prime Ministers of a Queen whose reigh was the bridge between the old und the now way of life.
That reign saw a revolutain, not only in man's way of living but also in his way of thinking
The growth in the influence of the bourgeois classes due to the industrial revalition, the change in the distribubon of wealth bought almut by the advent of i the machine
the new kind
the railway.
of existence produced by the in-
The stun of Inductions
steam engine, i photography and. | at the end of the reign, the Art motorcars, bot a prime e- percusation on men's attitucky fe portal asset prolitical inditukaran and evin to the mana:chy
Mach has been written about ; boti Dista
eplume of
Convrvative thought of his time. ! earsel Cladstone who, though he began his career as a toneserva- j tyo, became a radical thut be la today generally regarded as the father of Liberalism
Of rerious buggraphes. Inew-
Į
advice and that he knew of no altogether fall. For as Sir Philp precedent,"
says in his summing us:
Sir Philip's magnificent story shows that the fault was not, perhaps, all on the side of Queen
Victoria.
"Electoral hazards to which the Queen is not subject and the immense prestige which attached itself to the Queen's long tenure of the noblest aflce upon earth. secure the Queen's receptance, ruined Gladstone's attempts to during their lifetime, of a new pattern of constitutional
Queen Victoria belonged, essentially to the old order under which monarchs were used to giving rather than receiving advice, to signifying thete wishes
in matters of policy rather monarchy. ihan
algning on a dotted line,
"The When Queen Victoria acceded tu
•
Quoon rejected thy but the throne, the monarch was still nation adopted it, and all subsequent British sovereigns and supposed to be a ruler rather Prime Ministers Ihan b head of siale standing the pattern which Gladstone cut. have followed above policies and politics, and apart from them.
Many tunes, the tenacious Gladston must have appeared importunate to Queen Victoria.
For Gladstone,
as Sir Philip Magnus reveals, thought it his | duly to solve what he called the
"Huynity Question.”
מינייי
speak In rude and general terms, "he wrote 10
"That new pattern involved the final abandonment by the Sovereign of all power to im pede the will of the peoplo constitutionally expressed and interpreted.
Lanaformed It
the Crown politically into a rubber stamp, but it enhanced to an incalculable degree the force of Its moral and emotional pool."
Alongside all his works as political leader and statesman, and as brother of his drug-taking sister, Gladstone had the self- Lord Glanville in December apunted task of salvaging and 1870, the Queen is invisible restoring the family property of and the Prince of Wales is not Hawarden. Respected,"
Por half a century he struggled To which Sir Phito Magnus to save it. Fluids:
By dint of many ond great personal sacrifices, he "Accordingly hr addressed finally reduced a debt of some hunelf with all his habitual £500,000 10 £00,000 with the Biensity to the task of ensuring prospect that, by the time that who was to in- that the Monarchy should fulf the grandson
en, there has hitherto treen Gladstone Vanity Fair Caricature mind the only one of Gindstow Bikely to
pass into history s
standard
by
work on the life of this famous by his enemies of opportunism. Biatcome--that published Lord Morley in 1903.
This book, offered to the public only five years after the death
A&
does not
Sir Philip Magnus believes that Gladstone quite genuinely con- vinced himself that in these cases the "expedient course had be- como a high moral duty.'
3-201
เท
of
ed
are re-
equately these purpose for herit it came of age (in 1908). which he considered that it had that, too, would be liquidated. been designed by God. The Queen never forgive him, and believed that in Gladstone's will and purpose of God were identified with the interest and polley of the Libera! To his grandson, he left a party....
remarkable letter to be given "Gladstone wanted to make the to understand it, explaining the him as soon as he was old enough teen do her duty, as he saw it, financial status of Hawarden and and 10 and cullable employment the obligations, as well as the for the Prince of Wales by re privileges, incumbent upon land- of William Ewart Gladstone, is
malebing tho government generally agrend to 10
who proprietors excellent duty of Ciladsten, the
Heowwwve Ital may be with Ireland and sending the Prince
sponsible for the livelihood and politician.
Elut
regard, i example, to his sud-there us Viceroy."
welfare of those who live on their interest Ireland at # present, as Gladstone's fourth
estates. 00:1
moment when his party's for- Herbert, complained
tunes quarter of a century later, which
demanded it, the palu
hotensk true und complete
justly dis Jetion
having his
laveon- veniently Catholic sister buried That has been left to Sue Pluiding to the rites of the Magnus who, in a new book en- Protestant Church of England. titled "Gladstone-a Biography" | 900 sure proot ví uncasy (published by John Murray- 20s-, and to be published in the United States
That sistor, during October
Helen, had been by Dutton at around $8.75), has me of the great problems of his given his renders for the first time private life. Not only did she become A Catholic which was an tunaie look into the family and private life of the statesman. Victorian England but she was not a respectable thing to dɔ in
In he task, he has been helped a drug addict. This set Gladstone by Gladstone's grandson, Mr many a problem over a number Charles Gladstone, who lent him of yours until she finally died in some 50,000 personal and intimate Cologne, in 1880, while Ġludstone papers stHI in the keeping of was at the pook of his career. the family at Hawarden Castles
Gladstone the man.
Vkw
These, together with
200,000 documents relating Gladstone's public
sune
s
now
U
conselono.
10
his
Gladstone's plans did not find favour with the Queen who dis- liked Ireland--and Mr Gladstone's peremptory tone and persistence in pushing his proposals several umes after she had expressed her dislike of them.
she
This letter is, perhaps, one of the most revealing things in Sir Philip's book. For it shows at ance Gladstone the businessman, Chadstone the landed moprietor acutely conscious of his obliga tions, and Gladstone the en- timentalist who was so attached to this property that he thought any sacrifice for it worthwhile.
"Mr Gladstone," sho once
The author hos, indeed, complained to her private secretary, "would have led to ceceded in printing a very vivid govern
Bismarck portrait of his subjool and in HER
presenting it in an interesting.| Emperor...Sway. governs the always felt in his manner an ovorbearing obstinacy and im-
His readers may not all be perh
riousness (without being ac-admirers of Gladstone. But once tually wanting in respect as to pay have taken up the book, they farm) which she never EX- are unlikely to put it away until perienced from anyone else. they have finished reading it and which sho found most for its story is not merely the disagreeable.
story of one great man. It is the To the Queen,
story of a whale important ers. Sir Philip explains, Gladstone
All, whether friend or foe--and and for Gladstone
hod, and still has,
the author's conclusion" that:
"Gladstone may be judged as a statesman; few would venture to judge him as a man, He dedicated his life to the
teaching men and nations govern dhemselves by schooling
thair passions, and thereby to realise on earth the spirit of the Christian ethic.
of
10
preseved in the British Museum, Gladstone, indeed, was not Magaus have enabled Sir Philip Magnus happy in his dealings with women "good for democracy to build up
a new and more.except with his wife in whom radial changes in many fields, complete
picture of, this man she found a life-long help-mate He represented now tendencies many of bath-will tree with who was exnsumed by an un- and companion. His efforts to which the Queen did not under- bounded energy witch ho con-offer help and rehabilitation to stand and which she therefore trolled unly by an iron solf-
prostitutos, were grossly mis- mastery.
understood and misrepresented, of exp
disliked; and he was, incapable
things especially
simply to by
of explaining enomics, who her. For, as
the other Sir Philip Magnus continued to make capital out of hand....spoke and wrote to the
Disraeli, on airesses in his introduction to the them unill his sons, 30 yours Queen new blography. Godstone had after his death, brought a libel basle
in what was virtually "single, constant,
with English, spiced trans mult to put an end to calumnies delicious absurdities, ecadental purpose.
He pro- не sought once and for all, his country.
tested reverence for her nature, and the world to the pattern sug-
her wisdom and experience, and Nor were gested by his personal religion Queen Victoria
his relations with indulged to an unlimited degree
good.
Never in flattery of a kind which dis- m which he believed with the
greatly enamoured with thisgusted Gladstone." pure faith of a child,
blunt, earnest Prime Minister,
came, in the Gladstone was anddened and "Gladstone was convinced that Queen Victoria
course of
of years, to loathe him. depressed by his fallurs with he received Queen Victoria. But he did not not a single word of
one
to mould blingolf,
God would call him personally when he retired, to account for this every thought hom bor and word, and act. He prepared thanks and when he died she himself accordingly, by keeping records of all three."
resolutely refused to express her rigret in the Court Circular bo cause, she said, she had too great ja regard for truth.
In addition, the was furious with her son, the Prince of Wales
This question of religion do- (later King Edward VII) and minated Gladstone's whole life her grandson, the Duke of York and his every ect. As a young (later King George V), for man, he felt the call to the netinu es pallbearers priesthood-but, in deference to Gladstone's funeral in Wests
father's
wishes, he took up minster Abbey, politics insteakt Nevertheless,
the author declares; "Gladstone would not have been able to re- main in politics if he had not «been successful in finding a series of high moral causes to DUTVC.
at
Gladstone did more than any statesman, since the Reforma tion to give effect in politics to that ideal,”
-China Mail Speeled.
TRADE AND COMMERCE SECTION
Protection Wanted
Against Unfair Japanese Practices
From Ronald Boxall
London, Nov. 7. Colonial governments have been asked for their views on a British plan to secure safeguards against unfair Japanese trading practices once Japan is a member of GATT.
The intention is not, as recent reports suggested, to keep certain Japanese goods out of British and coloníal markets altogether to restrict them.
or even
Britain, I am informed on reliable authority, is willing to recognise Japan's membership of GATT and extend to her all the provisions of the agreement, in- cluding most favoured nation treatment.
COM
But before taking this sig months when they are coming Britain anxious to secure the forward in large quantities, right to Impose restrictions on
If this revision is obtained Japanese imports if the Japanese Britain would have to show resort to the unfair
trodo that the colonial
industries practices that brought them into concerned need special protec disfavour before the war.
tion and then negotiate with If the
necessary revision of the parties likely to be In- GATT would offer and Britain jured if British tariff is raised
опст
to negotiat bt-lateral agreement with Jopan
for providing
Other members of GATT are unrestricted merce
between the two count condition (1) That a time limit likely to agree to this only on tries on the condition that Japan is axed to agreed not to resort to dumping,
this special treat- copying designa or trade marksment and (2) That it does not or other improper means of win-lead to any diversion of trade in favour of the Conunonwealth ning trade,
The colonies, who are
all, whole, with the exception of Jamaica, members
if, the Britain, would be invited to no- cede to
which this Anglo-Japanese
given agreement and this would give Given more Japan access to colonial markets | 17ent In the British market on the same terms.
not coincide with tha peak period of supply from a similar foreign product. If it does the country which is hurt themselves would have the last be expected to put up a stiff
night. word on their trade relations Anxious though she is to help with Japan for Britain exercises the colonies, Britain will not no direct controi over either adopt this course without some tariff or Importa policies of the misgivings. For if she raises colonics.
tariffs against order to alleviate proved cases foreign goods in
colonial
hardship
STIFF
FIGHT
of GATT through No difficulty is likely to arise
LAST WORD
But colonial
governmenta
does
can
period of the year colonial
products aro favourable ireal-
This last is a point that is seldom appreciated even in the of col
she will colonies. Colonial governments be ex
be expected-indeed have absolute autonomy in tarit to raise them also against similar
require matters and they are able to
10 goods from other
parts of the impose
withdraw or
quata
1* } Commonwealth. This restrictions on Imports from not only reduce what margin of Would certain areas subject to overall guidance on the general sterling but also mean the institution of preference they already enjoy, arca policy.
tariff on
Commonwealth goods which have already mitted duty free. been ad-
Thus, for example, colonies restricted their imports from Japan when the sterling area as a whole was in balance of pay ments difficulties
that with
LONDON STOCK MARKETS
Profits Snatched After Previous Heavy Buying
From Our Own Correspondent
London, Nov. 6. The Stock Market closed the week irregularly heavy buying on the previous days had raised with short-term operators snatching profits after prices in nearly every section.
The Financial Times gilt-edged and industrial in- dices reached new peaks, however, of 106.48 and 182.3 respectively. In consequetice industrial ordinary securities had dropped to less than the average yield of four and half per cent.
Light Concrete Factory
Stockholm, Nov, 1. A new factory for light concrete building material, claimed to be one of the largest of its kind in the world, was put into opera- tion on
near October 15 Falkoping, Central Sweden. Built by the Swedish Ylonk Company, It will increase the Swedish production of Ytong light concrete ments by 50 per cent. It han 150 hauds, and the manu- facture ta carried on by
elc-
the most modern methods existing in this brunch of Industry. The Ilme and slate
deposita in tho vicinity of the factory are used as raw materials.
ker
of
In foreign bonds Japanese Issues
the stole
limelight. Japan's improved balance, of
and payments position
membership forthcoming GATT and reports of American old all stimulated interval. With home and Swiss buying concentrated on dollar clauso Issuça the Дve per cent 1007 Assented rose by 10% to reach 134% before
132. reacting to The 1930 Assented' ïained 71⁄2 | 10 touch 1011, before easing to
148.
Germans
were quieter, but all showed gains. Swiss buying lifted Potash seven per cent at ono time to 220 and Young to 150 Konversions Kasse issues hardened fractionally to 91% and
on In- 874 respectively vestment demand.
INDUSTRIALS
Home industrials were helped. by a wide belief that the bull market has yet some way to run. This is linked with the view that companies will in- creasingly adopt a policy of dis-
in line with earnings. Thezo are now at
NEW YORK tributing dividendy
STOCK MARKET
REVIEW
By Elmer Walzer
peak level.
more
The engineering sections re- celve Investment support. B.S.A. closed at 71s, John Brown ni 40s 3d and Vickers at 30s 74d. In motors, Fords closed at around 70s while British Elec- trio Traction after. în Carlier weakness steadied at around 709.
of
to
Stores the barometer the public purchasing power — were mixed. John Barker jumped over 12s to 958 8d on One thing is certain, however.
take-over rumours to fall back Special problems of the colonies
New York, Nov. 7.
889 9d. Woolworths were will not be neglected during the
A buying boom sent stocka stu country; But when these
GATT
the post-election, rising from 01:30 to review. Their interests souring in
640. Od. Debenhams, however, dimculties were overcome the will be represented
markets last week. at Geneva
eased to 439 od as bulls took colonies were told they could by the British delegation which
profits. withdraw restrictions.
Wall Street before the election Those will include senior members of was steeped in gloom. which still
Breweries and distilleries were restrict Japanese the Colonial Office. And when
Tho
activo with Buiness touching a Imports do so for the most matters of particular colonial
*24 | market experts predicted best aver 30s and Distillerica
Democratic landslide, part, not because they especially interest
taking wart to discriminate in Britain's territorica concerned will be in polls. Traders sold the market buyers as the cancer scare faded.
discussion their cues from
creeping up again over 280, the various
Tobaccos found investment favour, but because they have vited to send their own gokes until prices had a wide break-Imperials reached 038 0d, before trading practices before unpleasant memories of Japanese men.
$8.92 points in Industrials for closing at 02s Dd. Bats touched last war.
the
MOST IN FAVOUR
Most of the colonice ore in favour of GATT and would like to see it ytrengthened to cầm courage wider and freer But the agreement as framed operates to the
mes,
еге under
Germany's Aircraft
Industry
the
month
of October.
came
60s and over before reacting to Then cam
the actual eles 40s Od tion results.
In oila Shell hit a new peak of the election.some Before
of 25 189 Od, Burmahs closed pt the institutional buyers, think- £6 and Anglo-Iranian at £17 ing prices would drop despite 10s 3d.. the election outcome, placed Road shares were strong in buying orders. They helped | anticipation of the Government's push prices higher in the best forthcoming highway construc galning week of the year, and flon programme. Neuchatel the best market seen in many finished active at 509 and Val de years.
Travers at 40s. Building and wallpaper shares also came into their own on renewed recoptri- tion of the housing boom. Well- per Deferred jumped from
3d to 759.
INDUSTRIAL Average
Oct. 4, 1990. A total of 1,031
OVERSEAS ISSUES
the West Indian group. speaking these Arc Broadly colonies which depend on the
Berlin, Nov. 7. The Germans have al- British market to take most, if not all, of their agricultural
The Industrial average sot a ready gone into action to new high since Sept, 19, 1929, exports,
Their difficulty-and Britain's start up their rearmament and the railroad average since "By his radiant example, that under GATT Britain programme. In Stuttgart stocks gained out of 1,411 carmet discriminate in their they have found a brand traders, the most for any week
Among overseas Issues after Erratic favour either by Imposing quole
or raising tariffs now company destined to be since January 8, 1949, only 223 Lautaro Nitrato restrictions
movements closed út 629 and against similar products from the parent organisation of en
Bay Trading gained to the best Hudsons
continued it countries, Britain
appreciates
West Germany's now air-se lover since the week Tind to £7, 08, their craft industry.
Aug. 13.
Toas showed good galna on problem and intends to raise the Its omeial title is "Working In the Wednesday session, the tho high price of the com- subject during the review of
Company industrial
and component shot upjmodity
good dividend GATT which starts in Geneva and Experimental
Graf Zeppelin Ltd." And it has more than 7 points for its best
Assam Doonra on Monday,
advanced 11% million since Sept. 5, 1939 when World touched B0% and Imperial of The British delegatlon, which been
(£1,000,000)
India by the War II was starting.
418, 90,
upward also speaks for the colonies, will marks
Wuerttemberg
Thursday, provincial gov-|
movement
by paint out that while Britain |
a 3,000,000-shore
was tempered ernment,
caution, of operators who took belleves in the GATT principle
acasion, the market kept right Its job will be to co-ordinate on going up until it hit highs. profits In view of long-term of non-discrimination she has a Aeroplane
ane ressarch and construc- Friday particular responsibility towards
morning, saw further political uncertainties
Dollar** stocks" followed Wall the colonies. If a colony has on tion in Ruhr, Wuerttemberg, and gains on" volume suflekent to
Street'a Industry which, though unable Lower Saxony.
upward - lateness. Then Working with it will be the modest
| International- Nickel to compoto of the moment
profi-taking brought peak of 100, against established foreign rivais pircraft research department of prices slightly from the highs Kafira wo erraile with
technical university is potentially an economic under- Karlsruho taking, then Britain claims the and the German institutes for right to give that industry helicopter studies and lot no- orpecially favoured treatment in search both in Stuttgart. her own market until it is on its feat.
Oil Millionaires Plan
To Buy Race Tracks
New York, Nov. 7.
Texas oil millionaires Clint Murchison and Sid Richardson are negotiating to buy, at a cost of millions of pounds, six big race tracks in the United States: Profits from the operation of the
While making no secret of the tracks will be used to help needy children. * fact that they had never liked
use of humo
fool
They have already bought the that 90 per cent of the prodis "Gladstone's heart was not in Glackklone, however, the Queen politics, which he had chosen was sorry Mrs Gladstone and
for
control of Del Mar track, 100 from tracks would go to Boys carly as his field of action from on the day of the funeral went miles south of Los Angelor, Incorporated, a non-profit forth motivas
The millionsinda with which he was her a long and charming teles
the otion recently formed ini "I shell public are dissatisfied with the Delaware, nover wholly satisfied. He had stram which concluded: resolved, as far as possible, to ever gatefully remember his Phot
[racing | The Foundation would sat make politics conform to the devotion and zeal in all that revenues and that more should up 'oestres : "šti, széda where highest Christian
needy:"childrón ... aro... mamarous, ethic. He concerned my personal welfare, to to philanthropie purposed,
Mast syndicatur who was conscious of the possession and that of my family."
run | The centren wo tracks furti over part of their creations, decl and. he loved kirts of power for this opportunities "At the same time,” writes reisnue to charitable organisa which
Sir Philip Magnus, the teles flors, but there has been criliciam court but all his affections were centred upon tho' unsereran) Christians roelety and roti upon any local temporal kirardons !!!
to the Prince of
has this portion is too small.
seking 'what návlon he
stay and what pr
CENTREE FOR CHILDREN Negotiations are under way for purchasing. trgoks in. Chic
the lim
TOP BUSINESSMEN
CAUSE
ticker
-
trend
with
reaching a
GAINS WIDE
general trend, downwards. With Premier Malan's successor un- The gains for the week were decided operators were taking very wide, nonetheless. They molts although the news froin ranged to 8 oft more à.share.
State „Orangs Free The whole market participated Developing Mince continuod
the
AGRICULTURAL PROPUCTS · Top businessmen Dr in the rise. Individual investors favourable, In this section the This point will probably be Koeneke, mennging director, of picked up where the institutions market, does not expect surg canonded by most countries, but Daimler-Boss, and · Dr Burk- left dif
anst
heavily major improvement until the bought alficulties are likely when its full implications are Wuerttemberg heavy
to arise hardt, managing director of the Some of the market analysts, political outlook, clears at the
stent with predictions of a 400 level end of the month, padar understood. us the colonies al works are among the bosses. for Industrials, helped their riso
entry ready enjoy duty fide
Carf Focke, part-owner and along by their optimism. Into the Britkey market for director of the Focke-Wulf
As is uguni în a the only,
a rising
market for the Luftwaffe, is ons of the to the bulliado. The bulls
"over
glowing German Set pumos, is also be good things to come "high, pro
to be associated with duction, Chieft
(factory, in | nnd; moral
their auricultural products sealant which turnes out bomber the news In Wall Street Jose Sweden's Imports
could be
the rumour of German Toys
Decounts of
Heinkel, who skveloped also took
maeledź, with
Amore
Tho